Amutha Jeyakumar

Meta-material Lens Embedded 5.8 GHz Wide Band Patch Antenna for Wireless Communication

This paper describes the designing of a highly efficient and compact wide band micro-strip patch antenna for wireless communication.The antenna is designed to transmit at 5.8 GHz frequency (ISM band) which is primarily used in wireless LAN. The main contribution of the paper is the integration of meta-materials lens with rectangular micro-strip patch antenna, in order to achieve high gain, enhanced beam directivity and wide bandwidth. Incorporation of meta-material embellishes the performance of the antenna, as it encompasses the exceptional properties. Overall, the designed antenna offers augmented bandwidth (7.558%), improved gain (7.652 dB), improved directivity (7.938 dBi) and more concentrated beamwidth (64.7 Deg.).This paper provides the performance analysis of meta-material uniform lens embedded wide band patch antenna and illustrates various plots viz. 3D radiation & polar plot, VSWR plot, Reflection loss and power utilization plots.

Meta-material lens incorporated 5.8 GHz omni-directional conformal patch antenna for wireless communication

The paper aims at improving the efficacy and enhancing the gain of conformal omni directional patch antenna. It evaluates the performance Conformal Patch Antenna (CPA) in terms of various metrics viz. efficiency, gain, directivity, main lobe level, power radiation level and bandwidth. In order to enhance these parameters Meta-materials (MMs) are used as an uniform flat lens in front of designed CPA. The paper demonstrates the simulation results of CPA, designed at 5.8 GHz which is crucial Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band in wireless communication. The performance evaluation of CPA with and without the meta-material lens is illustrated. Incorporation of MM lens along with CPA improves the gain with 2.608 dB (82.231%), directivity with 2.516 dBi (78.484%) and bandwidth (0.331%). It also strengthens the main lobe level and fosters maximum power radiation per unit area (87.715% enhancement). It also improves the power radiation (0.80064 W, 5.554%). Hence, the results delineate improvement in overall efficacy of antenna system by 3.955%.

Wireless Sensor Network Using Bluetooth

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an ad-hoc wireless network formed of spatially distributed autonomous sensor nodes which possess the ability of performing computations, communication & executing different sensing tasks. The design & development of wireless sensor nodes is carried out using Bluetooth as wireless networking technology. The use of Bluetooth helps to utilise many features of Bluetooth enabled devices, which could be used as an infrastructure gateways, actuators or user interfaces. A modular design approach is adapted for design & development of wireless sensor node thus making it easy to add, remove or modifying the sensor with much shorter development cycles while also supporting WSN-behavior in terms of power consumption & node operational lifetime. WSN architecture supports different network topologies like Star, mesh & hybrid Star-mesh network. An embedded wireless sensor node is designed & successfully tested for two different Star network formations.

Comparison between vertical handoff algorithms for heterogeneous wireless networks

In heterogeneous Wireless communication network, transferring of data between moving nodes can be handled by well designed mobility management system, in which handover is a important factor in maintaining space connection to base station even in high speed. During handover (i.e. mobile node moving from one base station area to another base station area), there is a need to change initial point of connection to a new base station area towards which the mobile node is moving. Currently, in our world all mobile equipment is moving so mobility of equipment becomes necessary, so to overcome this mobility issue there is a method known as handover. Horizontal Handover (HHO) is a symmetric process and occurs within the same technology e.g between different Wi-Fi scenarios. If it is executed between different technologies, for example, UMTS to WLan, then it is called vertical HO. conventionally a mobile user may roam and accomplish the vertical HO using single criteria, such as received signal strength (RSS). Single criteria vertical handover decision, however, may cause inefficient handoff, unbalanced network load, and service interruption. This paper anticipated a suitable method among the various vertical handover decision algorithms in the environment of three network interfaces: (i) wireless local area network (WLAN), (ii) wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA), and (iii) worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) and also some of the vertical handoff decision algorithms are compared with the usual method (RSS).

VLSI design of fast DCTQ-IQIDCT processor for real time image compression

The Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is largely used for image and video compression in standards like JPEG and MPEG2. Its simplicity coupled with the fact that it can be computed faster than the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) makes it an attractive option for image and video compression. Consequently a lot of research is in progress to determine novel architectures and algorithms for faster DCT computation having high throughput so that it can even be used for real time applications. For example, when transmitting and receiving videos, which have been compressed using MPEG2, one would like to receive the video, without any buffering delay. In other words, one requires such an architecture, which provides the DCTQ coeffecients at a consistent rate, with very low latency between two coeffecients. As such, a highly parallel and pipelined architecture employing 57 pipeline stages and using fast multipliers and adders is proposed in this work. The proposed DCT Processor is implemented in Spartan 3E FPGA.

Monitoring stress level parameters of frequent computer users

The Growth in computer technology in all the facets of the world, and life are growing to the point that everyone needs a computer to carry out their work in everyday life. While using the computer for long hours, little is cared about posture, resulting in body ache and some harmful everlasting effects on the body. Computer users can protect themselves from those health risks by implementing proper workplace design and good posture. Ergonomics is the science of designing the workplace, with respect to the capabilities and limitations of the worker. Computer vision syndrome is a term used specifically to describe vision related problems and the other symptoms caused by continuous computer use. Work stress also results in an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. Remotely monitoring a patients health condition is now easily possible with the use of sensors, actuators and mobile communication devices, combined together called as Internet of Things for Medical Devices. The Arduino Yun is a Microcontroller board having built-in Ethernet and Wi-Fi support and can be connected to a vast array of web-based Resource and services with the use of Temboo, a cloud-based platform with processes for APIs, databases, and more. The parameters considered under Ergonomic workspace like distance between user and computer, angle with which the computer screen should be positioned can be analysed using Ultrasonic and Accelerometer sensors; while pulse sensor to analyse heart rate under work pressure. The Microcontroller board processes the received sensor data and can alert the user through an SMS or mail to take certain precautionary measures if the desired threshold limit is not satisfied.

Energy efficient and reliable clustering algorithms HEED and ADCP of wireless sensor networks: A comparative study

Wireless sensor networks lifetime improvement is one of the challenges in recent years. For this, energy required to perform various tasks must be efficiently used such that energy consumption will be less. To achieve these requirements two protocols Actor Directed Clustering Protocol (ADCP) and Hybrid Energy Efficient Distributed (HEED) Clustering protocol are developed. These two methods focus on the energy consumption of each node to be less so that the total energy consumption get reduced. Clustering plays a vital role in wireless sensor network. Clustering is a new approach to efficiently utilize the energy of sensor nodes. In clustering the whole network is divided into groups. There is a head election in each group of sensor nodes, called as cluster head (CH). The CH is responsible to gather sensed data from its underlying sensor nodes and forward it towards actor node for necessary action, instead of every sensor node send its data to actor. This approach of HEED and ADCP protocols enhance the reduction of network traffic as well as resource utilization. This paper, review these two protocols and compare their energy consumption and transmission delay.

An RSU based approach: A solution to overcome major issues of routing in VANET

VANET is supposed to be an important technology which will contribute to smart transportation systems in future. Developing and analysing the operation of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) is generally based on a variety of environmental conditions combining different traffic models and routing protocols. However, it is not at all easy to implement vehicular scenarios where all the possible conditions and various traffic situations are appropriately modelled. For efficient communication between vehicles, routing is the most vital factor which needs to be considered. This paper comparatively analyses the functioning of various existing Position-based and Topology-based routing protocols for VANET and concludes about which protocols are suitable for different traffic scenarios. The paper also gives an introduction of a new concept of routing using Road side Units which would supposedly solve the mobility related issues of the existing routing protocols and would be suitable for all types of environments.

MPLS multi-VRF design and implementation using GNS simulator

MPLS(Multi Protocol Label Switching) is an emerging technology [1] which has started attracting all the service provider networks with its exceptional and admirable features. VPN(Virtual Private Network) is one of its most popular feature which carries traffic securely and privately from customers one end to another through the service providers network. However, in this case the CE(Customer Edge) router is not involved in providing private network through the customary LAN. The Multi-VRF(Virtual Routing and Forwarding) CE feature-also known as VRF-Lite-is a feature whereby the VPN functionality is extended to the CE router in an economical way. A Multi-VRF router can run multiple instances of routing protocols with a neighboring router with overlapping address spaces configured on different VRF instances. Hence, only one CE router is needed for multiple VPNs, thus simplifying provisioning and network management rather than a multiple CE router solution. This paper describes the designing of such a Multi-VRF MPLS network on the service providers end which can separate a customers large network into smaller sites and keep them isolated in a cost-effective way. GNS(Graphical Network Simulator) software stack with VMware virtualization were chosen for this purpose, as these applications are well suited for emulation of real network environment. The resultant network obtained after this design is a real time solution to many problems and demands in todays service providers network.

Design to Improve Workstation Environment for Frequent Computer users

Computers play an extremely important role in day today’s life. It is being used for long hours at Offices, Educational institutes, Home and at many places by small children to adults resulting in Stress, Body ache and various health related issues. Thus, it is very important to maintain proper working environment according to the ergonomics specifications to avoid these consequences. This paper aims at designing workplace using sensors to monitor parameters like distance between computer screen and user, tilt angle of computer screen and stress during work load. These sensors are connected to the microcontroller board Arduino yun which transmits data wirelessly via Wi-Fi. The results obtained are compared with the threshold values of each parameter and an alert notification is sent on Gmail if the desired condition is not satisfied, along with live sensor data updated on Google spreadsheet for future reference or to access this data remotely. This is carried out with the help of Temboo, a web based service that allows connecting Arduino yun to different web based services with the help of Temboo Arduino libraries. Keywords—Sensors; Arduino Yun; Temboo; Wi-Fi; Ergonomics.