Ana Alayde Werba Saldanha

Avaliação da qualidade de vida em soropositivos para o HIV

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome has treatment and effective possibilities of control, hence motivating studies and professional interventions towards the improvement of the quality of life. To evaluate the perception of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and quality of life by Human Immunodeficiency Virus serumapositive individuals. Ninety-one subjects of both genders participated of this study. It was utilized the test of free association of words and the data were processed by the Tri-deux-mots software and interpreted through the factorial analysis of correspondence. The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome was represented as a disease that can cause numerous consequences such as psychosocial, professional, familycand organicrelated. The quality of life was represented by elements that have both subjective and objective characteristics, enclosing this way, different matters present in the concept of life quality advocated by the World Health Organization, such as: the psychological aspect, social relations, environment, and spiritual aspects. Even though the antiretroviral drugs propitiate a general health improvement, they are not enough. Thus there is the necessity of an approach toward the psychological disturbs in order to obtain life quality in a more plentiful way.

Religiosidade e qualidade de vida em pessoas com HIV

Religiousness has been cited as an important factor in the context of living with the Human Immune Deficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between religiousness and quality of life in people living with Human Immune Deficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. So 90 patients living with HIV from a reference hospital in Joao Pessoa, in the Brazilian state of Paraiba, participated in this study, 56% of them being males. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Questionnaire-bref, four questions about religiousness from the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Questionnaire-100 and the Religious Attitudes Questionnaire were used. Bivariate and descriptive analyses were performed as well as a multiple linear regression analysis (stepwise), that verifies which variables would best explain the quality of life in this sample. The relationship between religiousness and quality of life among the patients was demonstrated, highlighting that religiousness was related to the psychological, social and environmental domains of quality of life, which also manifested itself in similar fashion amongst symptomatic patients. The importance of religiousness in the context of health and coping with illness could be observed.

Representações sobre a Aids na velhice por coordenadoras de grupos da terceira idade

This study aimed seize the representations of the coordinating groups of coexistence of Aids on older persons in old age. Participants of the survey of 20 coordinating of the Attention Program for the Elderly Municipality of Joao Pessoa-PB, with ages ranging from 38 to 72 years. For data collection was used a questionnaire socio-demographic and technical Association Freedom of Word, from three stimuli inducers: Aids in the elderly, prevention and vulnerability. Emerged the following offices: the coordinating younger associate to the need for Aids care and prevention, the use of condoms. The vulnerability is related to a phenomenon for all. For those of greater age, the representations are associated with suffering and group risk. The development of educational practices in groups constitutes spaces processing for preventive interventions front of the HIV/Aids.

Repercussões psicossociais da depressão no contexto da Aids

A Aids e, frequentemente, associada a transtornos psiquiatricos, sendo a depressao o mais comum deles. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivos: 1) apreender as representacoes sociais da Aids e da depressao por soropositivos para o HIV; 2) avaliar a prevalencia da sintomatologia da depressao. Participaram deste estudo 91 sujeitos soropositivos, de ambos os sexos, com media de idade de 38 anos. Foram utilizados, como instrumentos, o Teste de Associacao Livre de Palavras e o inventario de Beck para medir depressao. Os dados obtidos possibilitaram representacoes da depressao e da Aids como uma doenca que atinge o ser humano em sua globalidade, repercutindo em varios aspectos de sua vida, tais como na qualidade de vida, na produtividade e na capacitacao social. A prevalencia da sintomatologia depressiva encontrada neste estudo (64%) remete a necessidade do preparo dos profissionais para diagnosticarem e tratarem esse fenomeno dentro do contexto da Aids.

Aspectos psicossociais da prevenção do infarto: construção e validação de um instrumento de medida

Based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) as a good resource to explain and predict a series of health-linked behaviors, it tried to investigate the peoples intention, including people that had already suffered from a heart attack, in they practice walking, at least three times a week. For this, it was built, applied and validated an instrument composed of 22 items, in an amount of 302 people of the population in general to verify the intention of they exercise such behavior. The results demonstrated that the TRA Model is able to predict the quoted behavior. A Multiple Regression analyses explained 42% of the variance obtained from behavior intention, through general normative beliefs, attitude and general behavior beliefs, as decisive for the behavior of walking, at least three times a week. The variables of normative nature were the responsible for most of the explained variance, presenting, thus, its importance for interventions, seeking the adoption of the investigated behavior.

FATORES SOCIODEMOGRÁFICOS E CLÍNICOS ASSOCIADOS À TARV E À CONTAGEM T-CD4

Objetivo: Verificar a associacao da Terapia Antirretroviral (TARV) e das celulas CD4 com variaveis de cunho sociodemografico e clinico de pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS. Material e Metodos: Este estudo possui carater transversal, sendo considerado epidemiologico descritivo. A amostra composta por 561 pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS, acima de 18 anos de idade, atendidas nos servicos de referencia a AIDS no Estado da Paraiba, respondeu a um questionario sociodemografico e clinico, cujos dados foram analisados atraves de estatistica descritiva e bivariada. Resultados: Foram encontradas associacoes significativas entre o CD4 e area geografica, com indices maiores nas cidades do interior (p=,02) e entre o CD4 e a escolaridade, com indices maiores para a maior escolaridade (p=,04). Ao verificar a associacao entre adesao a TARV e os fatores sociodemograficos e clinicos, os resultados indicaram diferencas estatisticamente significativas nas variaveis “tempo de diagnostico” (p=,02), “tempo de uso da TARV” (p=,01) e o uso do medicamento Nevirapina (p=,05). Sendo assim, observou-se que quanto maior o tempo do conhecimento do diagnostico e quanto maior o tempo de uso da TARV, maior a adesao ao tratamento. Esta adesao parece ser maior quando em uso do medicamento Nevirapina. Conclusao: O presente estudo demonstrou que a AIDS, mais que patologia, emerge como uma problematica social, perpassada por questoes sociodemograficas. Nesse contexto, falar de prevencao e adesao ao tratamento com os ARV se constitui um desafio, o qual e indissociavel de aspectos culturais, clinicos, sociodemograficos e psicossociais. DESCRITORES: Soropositividade para HIV. AIDS. CD4.

Determinantes biopsicossociais que predizem qualidade de vida em pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS

La aparicion de la terapia antiviral destaco la necesidad de entender los determinantes psicosociales en la evaluacion de la calidad de vida de las personas viviendo con VIH/SIDA. El objetivo de este estudio es investigar los determinantes clinicos y psicosociales relacionados con la calidad de vida de este grupo. Esta investigacion involucra a 90 pacientes (edad media 33,7 anos, desviacion tipica 6,6). Los principales metodos utilizados fueron preguntas socio-demograficas, un cuestionario clinico, y el instrumento de evaluacion de calidad de vida WHOQOL-BREF. Los principales analisis consistieron en estadisticas descriptivas, comparaciones entre las medias de los grupos de criterio, y una regresion. Los resultados muestran una mejor evaluacion de la calidad de vida en los pacientes que estaban satisfechos con la atencion medica provista por sus hospitales. La dimension psicologica, el recuento de celulas CD4, y los factores medioambientales son los determinantes mas importantes para la evaluacion de la calidad de vida. Esta investigacion recomienda la elaboracion de politicas publicas sanitarias en torno al VIH/SIDA que tengan en cuenta los aspectos psicosociales.

O autoconceito de adolescentes escolares

This study objectives identify and compare the self-concept of school adolescents of a sample of the city of , Joao Pessoa - PB, Brazil, the variables involving sex, age and type of school attended (public or private). For this was implemented the Inven- tory of Schemes Genre of Self-Concept in 686 adolescent students. In general, young people have positive self-concept, depending on the sex (higher for females), age (the lower the age, the greater the negative perception male and female most obviously with between 16 and 18 years) and type of school (more positive self-concept in public school). These results provide subsidies for the development of strategies more consistent with the profile of adolescents, whether in the family , school or social.Este estudo objetivou identificar e comparar o autoconceito dos adolescentes escolares de uma amostra da cidade de Joao Pessoa-PB, Brasil, associado as variaveis sexo, faixa etaria e tipo de escola frequentada (publica ou privada). Para tanto foi utilizado o Inventario dos Esquemas de Genero do Autoconceito em 686 adolescentes estudantes. De modo geral, os adolescentes apresentaram autoconceito positivo, variando em funcao do sexo (maior para o feminino), idade (quanto menor a idade, maior a percepcao negativa masculina e a feminina com maior evidencia entre os 16 e 18 anos) e tipo de escola (autoconceito mais positivo na escola publica). Estes resultados fornecem subsidios para a elaboracao de estrategias mais coerentes com o perfil dos adolescentes, seja no âmbito familiar, escolar ou social.

Histerectomia: aspectos psicossociais e processos de enfrentamento

The aim of this study was to investigate psychosocial aspect and constructs of coping with hysterectomy. This is a cohort, longitudinal study, involving 10 women, mean age 44 years, low education and income, attending a municipal hospital in the state of Paraiba. A Mode of Coping Scale (EMEP) and semistructured interviews conducted in the ma ternity ward and at home were used, in the interval between the preoperative and at six months postoperative. To a nalyze the results, descriptive and bivaried statistics and content analysis technique were used. The results showed variability in coping strategies, predominantly in the search for religious practices, followed by problemfocused. The spee ches show concern for the loss of femininity and mobilization of feelings of fear about the surgery. The results assist in psychological intervention, stressing more effective communication processes between health professionals and patients.

Aborto induzido na interface da saúde e do direito

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the beliefs of health and law professionals regarding induced abortion, through qualitative research. Therefore, we inter-viewed 15 health professionals (doctors, nurses and psychologists), as well as 10 law professionals (prosecutors and judges). The interviews were operationalized based on categories, processed in a series of step. Thus, the speeches of the partici-pants were grouped in two categories: attitude and legal aspects. The beliefs contrary to the decrimi-nalization of the practice focused on heteronomy and sacredness of life. The beliefs in favor were, in turn, anchored in the perspective of reproductive and sexual rights, reducing risk and damage and the power of women over their own body. Regarding the legal aspects, it was found that the jurists had a more rigid position on punishing women who prac -tice abortion. Although there is legislation on the subject and technical standards of humanized care to abortion, the discussions do not end on a legal standpoint but, in contrast, cover a wide range of beliefs, which can guide the actions of the profes-sionals, both in the health care of women and the interpretation of their rights.Keywords: Induced Abortion; Qualitative Research; Health; Law.