Ana Clara Campagnolo Real Gonçalves

Impact of obesity on autonomic modulation, heart rate and blood pressure in obese young people

INTRODUCTION Obesity can be understood as a comorbidity of increasing systemic impact, including a deficit in the autonomic nervous system. OBJECTIVE To analyze cardiac autonomic behavior and hemodynamic parameters in obese young people. METHODS 92 individuals (20.58±1.48 years) were evaluated, divided into two groups: obese and eutrophic. Heart rate (HR) was captured for 30 min in the supine position whilst breathing spontaneously. Blood pressure (BP) values were obtained prior to performance of the protocol. For the autonomic analysis, 1000 beats were used for the calculation of heart rate variability indices in the time (Mean RR, SDNN and RMSSD) and frequency (LF, HF and LF/HF) domains, in addition to the Poincaré plot (SD1, SD2, SD1/SD2 and qualitative visual analysis). RESULTS The obese group presented higher baseline BP and HR values compared to the eutrophic. Regarding autonomic modulation a significant decrease was observed in the RMSSD; SD1, HFms and HFnu indices in the obese group, indicating a decrease in vagal activity and reduced SDNN and SD2 rates, with statistical significance for the former, suggesting a reduction in overall variability. The high value of the LFnu index and decrease in Mean RR in the obese group pointed to relative sympathetic predominance in these individuals. The visual analysis of the Poincaré plot showed less dispersion of the points in the obese group. CONCLUSION The obese group presented higher BP and HR values at rest and autonomic impairment, characterized by a reduction in parasympathetic activity and relative predominance of sympathetic activity.

Effect of Pursed-Lip Breathing in Patients With COPD: Linear and Nonlinear Analysis of Cardiac Autonomic Modulation

Abstract Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of pursed-lip breathing (PLB) on cardiac autonomic modulation in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) while at rest. Methods: Thirty-two individuals were allocated to one of two groups: COPD (n = 17; 67.29 ± 6.87 years of age) and control (n = 15; 63.2 ± 7.96 years of age). The groups were submitted to a two-stage experimental protocol. The first stage consisted of the characterization of the sample and spirometry. The second stage comprised the analysis of cardiac autonomic modulation through the recording of R-R intervals. This analysis was performed using both nonlinear and linear heart rate variability (HRV). In the statistical analysis, the level of significance was set to 5% (p ≤ 0.05). Results: PLB promoted significant increases in the SD1, SD2, RMSSD and LF (ms2) indices as well as an increase in α1 and a reduction in α2 in the COPD group. A greater dispersion of points on the Poincaré plots was also observed. The magnitude of the changes produced by PLB differed between groups. Conclusion: PLB led to a loss of fractal correlation properties of heart rate in the direction of linearity in patients with COPD as well as an increase in vagal activity and impact on the spectral analysis. The difference in the magnitude of the changes produced by PLB between groups may be related to the presence of the disease and alterations in the respiration rate.

Influence of cardiac rehabilitation in Primigravida with spontaneous coronary artery dissection during postpartum

Background The physical exercise consists of trainable physical abilities such as strength and endurance. It can be inferred that the individual cardiac patient is dependent on it as an associated therapy to the drug treatment for a rapid and lasting improvement of their overall clinical status Case presentation The patient – with Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection Postpartum period – was subjected to 21 sessions of cardiac rehabilitation. A physical evaluation was performed, before and after the treatment period, for data collection: anthropometric values, flexibility, aerobic capacity and strength of grip. Conclusion The patient had a positive response in aerobic capacity, flexibility and grip strength and the anthropometric values were kept in short term rehabilitation.

Effect of Acute Resistance Exercise in Different Intensities and Body Segments on Cardiovascular Variables

Background: An acute session of resistance exercise changes cardiovascular parameters according to the type of prescription. The objective this study to evaluate the heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and myocardial oxygen consumption behaviors during execution of resistance exercise applied in acute and isolated way, with different intensities and body segments. Methods: 52 healthy and active young performed the experimental protocol with five stages. In the first stage, it was carried out the one-repetition maximum test (1RM) for knee extension (LL) and elbow flexion (UL) and, in the following phases, four resistance exercise protocols were applied, on different days with random order execution: endurance protocol (2 series, 20 reps and 40% of 1RM) and strength protocol (2 series, 8 reps and 80% of 1RM) for upper and lower limbs. Heart rate (HR) was monitored by Polar S810i heart rate monitor, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured by auscultation in the left arm, and MVO 2 was calculated from SBP and HR. All t hese measurements were measured immediately after the execution of the first (M1) and second (M2) series. Finding: There were significant increases in M1 and M2 in comparison to their respective rest in HR (p <0.001), SBP (p <0.05) and MVO 2 (p <0.001) in all protocols applied. For PAD there were significant decreases in M1 of endurance (p = 0.028) and force lower limbs (p = 0.022) protocols compared to the resting values. There are no significant changes among the proposed protocols. Conclusion: Strength and endurance protocols, run with upper and lower limbs, applied in acute and isolated way, were able to promote changes in cardiovascular variables in relation to their respective resting value. However, lower limbs endurance protocol stands out in their differences among them, due to the longer execution period and larger muscle group.

Acute effects of resistance exercise on heart rate variability in cardiopathic patients: cross-sectional study

Background: Resistance exercise is used in clinical practice to improve muscle strength and resistance of patients with heart disease. However, it lacks studies regarding its acute effects on cardiac autonomic modulation. This cross-sectional study has aimed to evaluate the acute effects of resistance exercise on heart rate variability (HRV) in cardiopathic patients. Methods: We investigated 15 volunteers (63.8 ± 10.7 years old; 29.9 ± 4.32 Kg/m 2 ), which were submitted to one maximal repetition (1RM) of knee extension and to the acute interventions with of 40% and 80% of 1RM, with minimal intervals of 48 hours. HRV was analyzed in the SDNN, RMSSD, Poincare Plot, HF, LF, and LF/HF ratio indexes. We evaluated HRV in the periods of rest (10 min) and recovery (60 minutes, divided into 6 windows). Findings: No differences were observed between the immediate recovery and rest periods for all indexes. We observed increase in all indexes after 20 minutes of recovery. No differences were verified between the different protocols. Conclusion: a single acute session of resistance exercise in different intensities did not change the cardiac autonomic modulation.