Ana Cristina Guarinello

Surdez e linguagem escrita: um estudo de caso

Partindo do pressuposto de que ao considerar a lingua de sinais como a primeira lingua do surdo e possivel perceber sua insercao no mundo letrado, esse trabalho objetiva analisar producoes escritas de um sujeito surdo em momento inicial de apropriacao da escrita. Para tanto, concebendo a linguagem como atividade dialogica, como trabalho social e historico, constitutivo dos sujeitos e da lingua, foram analisados cinco textos produzidos, entre os anos de 1998 e 2002, por um sujeito surdo, reconhecido pela inicial R, em conjunto com a sua fonoaudiologa. Cabe esclarecer que tal profissional, proficiente em lingua de sinais, atuou como interlocutora e interprete, priorizando a natureza interativa da linguagem e interferindo nas producoes escritas quando solicitada. Durante os anos trabalhados com R, observou-se que ele passou a refletir sobre seus textos e mudou sua postura perante a escrita. O fato de R e a fonoaudiologa compartilharem a lingua de sinais permitiu que ele dividisse suas historias e experiencias, levando-os a registra-las a partir da lingua escrita. Deste modo, R passou a fazer uso da escrita com alternâncias e justaposicoes entre as duas linguas envolvidas: a lingua portuguesa e a lingua de sinais. A escrita tornou-se, assim, uma possibilidade a mais de manifestacao da singularidade de R, que passou a reconstruir a historia de sua relacao com a linguagem.

A produção do conhecimento em fonoaudiologia em comunicação suplementar e/ou alternativa: análise de periódicos

BACKGROUND: speech therapy has been using the resources of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC), allowing a greater autonomy of people with significant impairments in oral communication. This utilization has been expanding in Brazil, however it is still not a common practice among speech therapists. PURPOSE: to analyze knowledge production in AAC in Brazilian journals related to Speech Therapy. These journals were analyzed between 1997 and 2005. CONCLUSION: as AAC is a resource used in other academic fields, such data is not sufficient to conclude about knowledge production in AAC in general. Thus, in order to have a more complete overview in this field, the analysis of other academic fields is required, such as Pedagogy, Occupational Therapy, Physiotherapy, Psychology, among others.

Reabilitação audiológica em pacientes idosos

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the profile of elderly people who participated in five counseling sessions after the purchase of hearing aids in an auditory center of Curitiba (PR), to that of those who did not return after the first or second session. METHODS: Forty five elderly subjects with presbycusis from an auditoy center of Curitiba (PR) participated in this study. The sample was divided into two groups: Group 1, Control, composed by 30 individuals who participated in the five counseling sessions; and Group 2, Experimental, constituted by 15 individuals who participated only in the first and/or second session. The questions of the initial interview were used for gathering these data. RESULTS: Differences were found between the profiles of both groups. From the eleven aspects raised, there were differences in eight of them, regarding: family history of hearing loss, former users of hearing aids, degree of hearing loss, emotional state, family relations, social life, deprivations arising from the hearing loss, and abilities in handling the hearing aids. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that the group that participated in all counseling sessions presented a different profile from that who only participated in the first and/or second meeting, and that the issues raised seem to have influenced the decision of the members of the second group to continue participating in the sessions.

Surdez e letramento: pesquisa com surdos universitários de Curitiba e Florianópolis

This study aims to present some aspects that characterize the reading and writing conditions of deaf university students, looking into the performance of these deaf students in reading and writing activities. Twenty deaf university students participated in this study. Two tools were used for data collection: a questionnaire with open and closed questions that provided information about daily reading and writing practices that the research subjects engaged in and six texts that were elaborated so as to represent different written genders, which the subjects were asked to read and answer questions related to text content. The results of the analysis showed that each students reading and writing skills correlates directly to the language practices they engage in their daily lives. In conclusion, within the context of deafness, we must still account for readers and writers that present great difficulty in interpreting and producing written texts, especially in secondary genders. This study highlights the importance of focusing on literacy with a diversity of reading materials throughout the elementary school on through university level.

A clínica fonoaudiológica e a linguagem escrita: estudo de caso

PURPOSE: supposing that the linguistic activity constitute the subject, this work aims to discuss the written appropriation process, in a language clinic, from the relation that the apprentice establish with the speech language therapist. METHODS: one clinic case of a subject to whom reading and writing were distant from the conventional orthographic rules was analyzed. After speech language therapy evaluation, the written language productions seem to be distant from the orthographic conventions. RESULTS: language therapy was efficient for the appropriation of the written language, as during the treatment the complaints were surpassed. CONCLUSION: through the construction of the written language between the speech language therapist and the subject of this research, the first one could be noted as someone who is capable to use written language meaningfully.

Anaphoric Reference Strategies Used in Written Language Productions of Deaf Teenagers

There are few researchers who analyze written productions by deaf individuals; there are also few researchers who discuss the knowledge these people have about written text comprehension and production. For the present study, the investigators analyzed 16 written productions by four deaf individuals based on the anaphoric reference concept as recently proposed in textual linguistics (see, e.g., I. V. Koch & L. A. Marcuschi, 2002). It is important to show that referential progression is one of the textual aspects capable of giving stability and continuity to written productions; referential progression is also relevant to discursive coherence. The results of the writing analysis in the present study show that deaf individuals can learn to use expressive resources that are available in the Portuguese language and can use reference strategies, as long as these individuals can interact with a partner who knows Portuguese.

As práticas de letramento na escola e na família no contexto da surdez: reflexões a partir do discurso dos pais e professores

As experiencias com situacoes significativas de leitura e escrita desempenham um papel fundamental na constituicao do sujeito enquanto leitor e autor. No caso das criancas surdas, a participacao em praticas sociais de escrita e, desde cedo, restrita, deixando-as em desvantagem em relacao as expectativas e hipoteses sobre esta modalidade. Considerando ser na familia que se inicia o contato com textos escritos e que e funcao da escola oferecer o ensino e a diversidade da linguagem escrita, o presente artigo objetiva analisar e discutir as praticas de letramento que permeiam os meios familiar e escolar de um grupo de criancas surdas. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com 12 professores do ensino regular e 12 pais, tendo como foco alunos surdos, que frequentam no contraturno, o Centro de Atendimento Especializado em Surdez (CAES) em municipio da regiao metropolitana de Curitiba. Com os pais foram desenvolvidas entrevistas enfatizando as praticas de leitura no âmbito familiar. Com os professores foram utilizados questionarios (questoes fechadas e abertas), enfocando aspectos referentes a praticas de leitura e escrita em sala de aula. Os resultados demonstram que as praticas de leitura sao restritas no âmbito familiar, o que implica em refletir sobre como a crianca surda esta sendo inserida no mundo da escrita e constituindo-se (ou nao) como sujeito letrado. Da mesma forma, no espaco escolar as praticas de leitura e escrita sao constituidas, ainda, em grande parte a partir do uso do livro didatico, o que revela a falta de diversidade de genero textual em sala de aula.

O estatuto simbólico dos gestos no contexto da surdez

A discussao sobre a relacao entre gesto e lingua, embora nao seja recente, ainda pode ser considerada insuficiente. Os gestos, de forma geral, tem sido discutidos de forma separada da lingua. Neste trabalho discutirei a relacao entre gesto e lingua a partir do estudo da surdez e de uma perspectiva discursiva da linguagem. Os estudos evidenciam uma interdependencia de gesto e lingua em termos simbolicos, interativos e cognitivos.Although not a recently born discussion, the relation between gesture and language is still highly insufficient. Gestures and language have been usually discussed from a dissociated approach. Current essay analyzes the gesture-language relationship from the point of view of studies on deafness and from a socio-cognitive perspective. Research evidences interdependence between language and gesture in symbolic, interactive and cognitive terms.

Análise da percepção de um grupo de idosos a respeito de seu handicap auditivo antes e após o uso do aparelho auditivo

INTRODUCTION : Presbycusis or hearing loss caused by aging can generate communicative psychological and social problems in the elderly, with profound impacts on their social and family life. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the perception of a group of seniors about their hearing handicap before and after using a hearing aid. METHODS: A questionnaire was administered to 29 elderly coming from a private hospital in the city of Curitiba, Brazil. In this study the elderly responded to questions regarding the emotional consequences caused by hearing loss and about the social effects of this loss. The questionnaire was completed prior to placing the hearing aid and in a second stage, after one or two years of use. RESULTS: We found significant differences between the average handicap before and after using the device (p=0.0000). Thus there was significant decrease of hearing handicap after hearing aid use in the study group. CONCLUSION: It was found that the elderly generally made good use of hearing aids after a year of use, which had a positive impact on the quality of life and perception of their auditory handicap before and after use of the prosthesis.

A disciplina de Libras no contexto de formação acadêmica em fonoaudiologia

PURPOSE: to analyze the insertion of a sign language discipline in national speech language therapy courses, approaching the number of hours spent with the discipline, the period when its offered, the structure nature, and the students evaluation about this discipline’s contribution for their academic formation. METHOD: a questionnaire was applied to 240 speech language therapy students from seven national speech therapy graduation courses. For that, the insertion criterion adopted was that the students should have already concluded the discipline. The questionnaire was answered, in writing, inside their facilities. The results were quantitative and will be submitted in tables with absolute frequencies. RESULTS: the results show that the students believe that the number of hours spent with the discipline is insufficient; in addition, they are aware about the importance and the need of the sign language discipline. CONCLUSION: this study demonstrates that the discussion about sign language in speech language therapy courses must be broader. The definition of criteria and parameters must also be discussed in order assure learning quality in those contents. The study also shows the need for more research that offers allowance to the advance in the speech language therapy graduation courses in those contents and that also contributes to an advance in bilingual speech therapy clinical, educational and practical needs directed towards the deaf individuals.