Ana Paula Berberian

A produção do conhecimento em Distúrbios da Comunicação: análise de periódicos (2000-2005)

PURPOSE: To analyze part of the knowledge production in the field of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology. METHODS: The articles published in the following journals from the year 2000 to 2005 were analyzed: Revista de Disturbios da Comunicacao; Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia; Revista Fonoatual and Revista Pro-fono. The studied variables were: topic, age range of the studied population, type of intervention, and institutional context. RESULTS: Seven hundred and twenty four articles were published during the period analyzed. The prevailing subject, either individually or in combination with other topics, was Oral Language (282), followed by Audiology (232), Orofacial Myology (91) and Voice (62). The prevailing age range studied was children from three to ten years old (145). Diagnosis and/or evaluation was the most mentioned type of intervention (547), in clinical (542), school (63) and hospital (32) contexts. CONCLUSION: Results reflected an increase of publications in the area during the studied period. The need for a more balanced distribution of topics, age groups, types of intervention, and institutional contexts in future publications is discussed. Further studies regarding knowledge production in the area would allow not only the historic registry of what has been investigated by speech-language therapists and audiologists, but also the definition of actions and strategic fields for implementing research in the area.

Surdez e linguagem escrita: um estudo de caso

Partindo do pressuposto de que ao considerar a lingua de sinais como a primeira lingua do surdo e possivel perceber sua insercao no mundo letrado, esse trabalho objetiva analisar producoes escritas de um sujeito surdo em momento inicial de apropriacao da escrita. Para tanto, concebendo a linguagem como atividade dialogica, como trabalho social e historico, constitutivo dos sujeitos e da lingua, foram analisados cinco textos produzidos, entre os anos de 1998 e 2002, por um sujeito surdo, reconhecido pela inicial R, em conjunto com a sua fonoaudiologa. Cabe esclarecer que tal profissional, proficiente em lingua de sinais, atuou como interlocutora e interprete, priorizando a natureza interativa da linguagem e interferindo nas producoes escritas quando solicitada. Durante os anos trabalhados com R, observou-se que ele passou a refletir sobre seus textos e mudou sua postura perante a escrita. O fato de R e a fonoaudiologa compartilharem a lingua de sinais permitiu que ele dividisse suas historias e experiencias, levando-os a registra-las a partir da lingua escrita. Deste modo, R passou a fazer uso da escrita com alternâncias e justaposicoes entre as duas linguas envolvidas: a lingua portuguesa e a lingua de sinais. A escrita tornou-se, assim, uma possibilidade a mais de manifestacao da singularidade de R, que passou a reconstruir a historia de sua relacao com a linguagem.

A produção do conhecimento em fonoaudiologia em comunicação suplementar e/ou alternativa: análise de periódicos

BACKGROUND: speech therapy has been using the resources of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC), allowing a greater autonomy of people with significant impairments in oral communication. This utilization has been expanding in Brazil, however it is still not a common practice among speech therapists. PURPOSE: to analyze knowledge production in AAC in Brazilian journals related to Speech Therapy. These journals were analyzed between 1997 and 2005. CONCLUSION: as AAC is a resource used in other academic fields, such data is not sufficient to conclude about knowledge production in AAC in general. Thus, in order to have a more complete overview in this field, the analysis of other academic fields is required, such as Pedagogy, Occupational Therapy, Physiotherapy, Psychology, among others.

Surdez e letramento: pesquisa com surdos universitários de Curitiba e Florianópolis

This study aims to present some aspects that characterize the reading and writing conditions of deaf university students, looking into the performance of these deaf students in reading and writing activities. Twenty deaf university students participated in this study. Two tools were used for data collection: a questionnaire with open and closed questions that provided information about daily reading and writing practices that the research subjects engaged in and six texts that were elaborated so as to represent different written genders, which the subjects were asked to read and answer questions related to text content. The results of the analysis showed that each students reading and writing skills correlates directly to the language practices they engage in their daily lives. In conclusion, within the context of deafness, we must still account for readers and writers that present great difficulty in interpreting and producing written texts, especially in secondary genders. This study highlights the importance of focusing on literacy with a diversity of reading materials throughout the elementary school on through university level.

A clínica fonoaudiológica e a linguagem escrita: estudo de caso

PURPOSE: supposing that the linguistic activity constitute the subject, this work aims to discuss the written appropriation process, in a language clinic, from the relation that the apprentice establish with the speech language therapist. METHODS: one clinic case of a subject to whom reading and writing were distant from the conventional orthographic rules was analyzed. After speech language therapy evaluation, the written language productions seem to be distant from the orthographic conventions. RESULTS: language therapy was efficient for the appropriation of the written language, as during the treatment the complaints were surpassed. CONCLUSION: through the construction of the written language between the speech language therapist and the subject of this research, the first one could be noted as someone who is capable to use written language meaningfully.

Anaphoric Reference Strategies Used in Written Language Productions of Deaf Teenagers

There are few researchers who analyze written productions by deaf individuals; there are also few researchers who discuss the knowledge these people have about written text comprehension and production. For the present study, the investigators analyzed 16 written productions by four deaf individuals based on the anaphoric reference concept as recently proposed in textual linguistics (see, e.g., I. V. Koch & L. A. Marcuschi, 2002). It is important to show that referential progression is one of the textual aspects capable of giving stability and continuity to written productions; referential progression is also relevant to discursive coherence. The results of the writing analysis in the present study show that deaf individuals can learn to use expressive resources that are available in the Portuguese language and can use reference strategies, as long as these individuals can interact with a partner who knows Portuguese.

O estatuto simbólico dos gestos no contexto da surdez

A discussao sobre a relacao entre gesto e lingua, embora nao seja recente, ainda pode ser considerada insuficiente. Os gestos, de forma geral, tem sido discutidos de forma separada da lingua. Neste trabalho discutirei a relacao entre gesto e lingua a partir do estudo da surdez e de uma perspectiva discursiva da linguagem. Os estudos evidenciam uma interdependencia de gesto e lingua em termos simbolicos, interativos e cognitivos.Although not a recently born discussion, the relation between gesture and language is still highly insufficient. Gestures and language have been usually discussed from a dissociated approach. Current essay analyzes the gesture-language relationship from the point of view of studies on deafness and from a socio-cognitive perspective. Research evidences interdependence between language and gesture in symbolic, interactive and cognitive terms.

A disciplina de Libras no contexto de formação acadêmica em fonoaudiologia

PURPOSE: to analyze the insertion of a sign language discipline in national speech language therapy courses, approaching the number of hours spent with the discipline, the period when its offered, the structure nature, and the students evaluation about this discipline’s contribution for their academic formation. METHOD: a questionnaire was applied to 240 speech language therapy students from seven national speech therapy graduation courses. For that, the insertion criterion adopted was that the students should have already concluded the discipline. The questionnaire was answered, in writing, inside their facilities. The results were quantitative and will be submitted in tables with absolute frequencies. RESULTS: the results show that the students believe that the number of hours spent with the discipline is insufficient; in addition, they are aware about the importance and the need of the sign language discipline. CONCLUSION: this study demonstrates that the discussion about sign language in speech language therapy courses must be broader. The definition of criteria and parameters must also be discussed in order assure learning quality in those contents. The study also shows the need for more research that offers allowance to the advance in the speech language therapy graduation courses in those contents and that also contributes to an advance in bilingual speech therapy clinical, educational and practical needs directed towards the deaf individuals.

Comunicação suplementar e/ou alternativa: fatores favoráveis e desfavoráveis ao uso no contexto familar

The purpose of the present study was to investigate factors that contribute to the use of AAC in the family context, focusing on communication boards. The survey was undertaken with 20 parents of AAC users at a school for special education in Curitiba, using interviews. Two groups of parents were defined: G1 group uses AAC at home and G2 doesn’t. Interviews were formulated in order to identify motives for using or not using AAC in the family context. From the analysis of the interviews, several favorable and unfavorable factors for using AAC in the family context were identified. Favorable conditions for using AAC in the family context included: parents school level and economic situation; frequency of training of parents for use of AAC; recognition of AAC as a linguistic resource; understanding that AAC helps develop oral skills; use of AAC for providing basic needs; use of AAC to broaden interactions in other social circles. Unfavorable conditions for using AAC consisted of the following factors: parents presume to know their child´s needs; AAC doesn´t apply to parents’ expectations; there is a lack of training and support for continuous use of AAC; motor skills hinder AAC use; lack of time to use the communication board. Results offer elements that could be meaningful for speech therapy intervention with families, where AAC could be seen as a linguistic resource, allowing new discursive elements and the establishment of dialogical relationships, which are basic to the constitution of social relations and of the subject.

Deafness and attention in deaf children.

The study shows the differences between hearing parents and deaf instructors interacting with deaf children and directing their attention. Data were collected at home and at a service for special needs in Bristol, England. The mother or instructor was asked to play naturally with the child with the toys provided. When the childs attention was focused during their play, the mother or instructor had to try to direct the childs attention to each of the toys. The results suggest that both groups (mothers and instructors) were effective in directing attention to objects not in the immediate area of play; however, hearing mothers were more successful than deaf instructors.