Ana Maria Canesqui

O programa de alimentação escolar no estado de Mato Grosso: da centralização à descentralização (1979 - 1995)

This article analyzes the establishment, the institutional organization and the performance of the school meal program in the state of Mato Grosso from 1979 to 1995. The following aspects are emphasized: the transition period from a centralized management model to a decentralized one; the influence of the federal agencies on the state interventions; the priorities and the actions of the governments of Mato Grosso. This study reconstructs and analyzes the performance of a welfare policy, using the collection and analysis of secondary and primary data (20 interviews with institutional agents). The results show a close dependence of the state interventions on the federal ones and a change from a centralized model to a decentralized one. The dynamics, the intensity and the rhythm of this modification were influenced by both the federal strategies and the priorities, degrees of acquiescence and institutional capacities of the state governments. The program was developed heterogeneously concerning the number of towns involved, the school days covered, the pupils attended, the cots and the consumed foods per capita/year and the decentralization models.

Antropologia e alimentação

Analisa-se a producao antropologica referente as praticas, habitos e concepcoes de consumo alimentar de segmentos de trabalhadores rurais e urbanos. Dimensiona-se e critica-se a abordagem antropologica contida nos diferentes estudos, apontando caminhos a serem perseguidos por novas pesquisas, de maneira que a area de nutricao, alimentacao e saude nao deixe de prescindir das contribuicoes antropologicas.Analisa-se a producao antropologica referente as praticas, habitos e concepcoes de consumo alimentar de segmentos de trabalhadores rurais e urbanos. Dimensiona-se e critica-se a abordagem antropologica contida nos diferentes estudos, apontando caminhos a serem perseguidos por novas pesquisas, de maneira que a area de nutricao, alimentacao e saude nao deixe de prescindir das contribuicoes antropologicas.

Os estudos de antropologia da saúde/doença no Brasil na década de 1990

Este texto reve e comenta os estudos antropologicos e qualitativos sobre as dimensoes socioculturais da saude/doenca, englobando os seus subtemas, conceitos e metodologias adotadas a partir de diferentes vocacoes intelectuais. Inclui ainda a sexualidade, doenca e relacoes de genero.Traca alguns fatores que contribuiram para a expansao daquela producao academica e circunscreve-se somente a publicada, cujo exame permitiu a selecao dos temas abordados, devido aos seus predominios.

Family health in Mato Grosso State, Brazil: profile and assessment by physicians and nurses

This article addresses the profile and assessment of the Family Health Program by physicians and nurses regarding the following aspects: profile characteristics; degree of agreement with the programs proposals; and application of methods for planning and implementing primary care activities. This was an evaluative study with health professionals, and the conclusions highlighted the following: (1) the professional profile reinforcing feminization of the healthcare work force; prevalence of precarious work contracts and worker turnover; wage disparity between professional categories; and efforts at training to achieve the program profile; (2) alteration of the healthcare model by the program, favoring social control and epidemiological surveillance as well as healthcare promotion; and (3) a high degree of implementation of several basic healthcare activities, although implementation of educational and inter-sector activities and control of chronic and endemic diseases was more limited.

Apoio social e saúde: pontos de vista das ciências sociais e humanas

This article analyses the themes and conceptual-theoretical approaches of the social support in the literature from important international journals about social sciences and medicine, and in from 1983 to 2005 are analyzed. 259 international and 57 national abstracts was reading for the identification and computing the relations of the social support with health/disease/care. A deeper conceptual analysis about social support and the theories of social science were reported in an intentional sample of 56 international and 18 national texts. The international literature is based on the social psychology, in the several trends of the sociology and of the political science and less in the anthropology. The national literature dialogues less with the psychosocial theories and more with the sociological and anthropological theories. In this latter literature the social support approaches are concerned with social network theories; reciprocity, exchanges and cultural values. It is concluded that different trends guide the conceptual-theoretical analyses of the social support, being the international literature older, wider, more diversified and empirical, but with scarce anthropological production. The national literature is more reflexive them empirical.

Pesquisas qualitativas em nutrição e alimentação

The article reviews and comments the qualitative studies and the ones that make relationship between social and human sciences in the nutrition and feeding areas; 93 articles have been selected in publications in the SciELO database, of a general listing obtained with the key words: feeding and nutrition. It was classified in five subjects: social, cultural, cognitive and psychological dimensions of feeding; education/nutritional orientation; analysis and evaluation of politics and programs of feeding and nutrition; profession, formation of human resources and theoretician and methodological studies. Considerations on qualitative research in landmarks of social sciences and commentaries on each of the subjects have been weaved. It is concluded that the qualitative research had positively extended interlocution of Nutrition with Social and Human Sciences, although requiring improvement in theories and methodologies, in some subjects, and to adjust the agreement of the qualitative research; there is a strong presence of the Revista de Nutricao and periodic of Public Health/Collective Health in the academic production, a focus in the work of some authors and the necessity to give support in Social and Human Sciences in Nutrition formation and to improve the multidisciplinary practice in the qualitative studies.

Temas e abordagens das ciências sociais e humanas em saúde na produção acadêmica de 1997 a 2007

This article is a summary on the intellectual production of Social and Human Science in Health concerned to the Public Health area in Brazil. It includes 498 articles and books reviews, from eight Public Heath journals consulted in the electronic database SciELO. A theoretical and methodological analysis was performed on the main and secondarys themes, the changes in the previous decades, considering also the literature reviews (1997-2007). The themes and its perceptual distributions are: health policies and institutions 32.5% ; health and illness 18.5%; gender and health 16.5%; violence and health 9.0%; old age and aging 4.0%; human resources, health professions and education 7.5%; social studies on sciences production and techniques 7.0% as well as health education and communication 4.0%. The results show an academic production growth; the use of combined theories, approaches and methodologies; the residual interdisciplinary between live science and social science and the guarantee of the disciplinarians approaches. A multi-institutional research agenda is recommended to refine the investigations on health conditions and social transformations; health policies and services; professional training; knowledge and technologies.

Sobre a presença das ciências sociais e humanas na saúde pública

Este artigo aborda resumidamente o desenvolvimento das ciencias sociais e humanas em saude no ensino e na pesquisa no Brasil, desde sua implantacao na decada de 1960 ate o momento, destacando suas especificidades nos diferentes niveis de ensino e nos temas pesquisados e instituicoes academicas onde foram implantados. Aborda algumas questoes que permeiam o debate atual, dentre elas os criterios de produtividade academica como criterio de avaliacao e demandas especificas daquelas ciencias, a importância da interdisciplinaridade e os requisitos dos perfis dos profissionais para adaptar-se a esse tipo de interlocucao na Saude Publica/Saude Coletiva.

A implementação do Programa Saúde da Família em municípios do Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil

This article analysis some key aspects in the implementation of the Family Health Program (FHP): results; conditions; and institutional mechanisms; flow and regularity of funding; organizational structures; and human resources availability and training. The study was conducted in seven municipalities (counties) in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, and used secondary data as well as primary data from interviews with different stakeholders. The research design was evaluative, using a quantitative/qualitative analysis. The results showed: varying stages in the implementation process, different FHP models, and adaptation of organizational structures; high level of human resources availability, except for nurse assistants; availability of financial resources, with some difficulties in their flow; and other institutional factors that hinder or facilitate the micro-implementation process in the municipalities.

Pesquisa avaliativa em reabilitação profissional: a efetividade de um serviço em desconstrução

This article deals with the results obtained from 1995 to 1997 by an innovative occupational rehabilitation model for individuals with repetitive strain injury/work related musculoskeletal disorder (RSI/WRMD), developed by the Campinas Occupational Rehabilitation Center under the Brazilian National Institute for Social Security. The study had two objectives: 1) to reconstruct the program as a precondition for evaluation and 2) to evaluate the models effectiveness in reestablishing the autonomy of individuals with RSI/WRMD. The methodology involved document analysis in order to reconstruct the programs background in terms of problem identification, organizational participation, awareness-raising, staff characteristics and responsibilities, and profile of the clientele. An analysis of 221 patient files provided the basis for constructing an evaluative instrument consisting of different dimensions, variables, and indicators, which was applied to a sample of 47 patient histories prior and subsequent to rehabilitative intervention. High effectiveness was observed in the model, with variations in the different target dimensions.