Ana Paula Veras Sobral

Epidemiological study of 534 biopsies of oral mucosal lesions in elderly Brazilian patients

BACKGROUND The number of elderly people in Brazil has increased during the last few decades. Oral lesions are very common in this age group, but few studies have examined the prevalence of these conditions worldwide and, particularly, in Brazil. PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of oral lesions in an elderly Brazilian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 534 cases of oral lesions retrieved from the files of the Oral Pathology Laboratory of the School of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco, between 1991 and 2008, were descriptively and qualitatively evaluated. RESULTS In this study, the oral mucosal lesions cases preferentially affected women (n=357; 66.8%), white persons (n=253; 47.3%), in the seventh decade of life (n=361; 67.6%), and with lesions predominantly located on the gingival/alveolar ridge (n=102; 19.1%). The non-neoplastic lesions (n=353; 66.1%) were more prevalent than benign neoplasms (n=85; 15.9%), oral cancers (n=56; 10.4%) and potentially malignant lesions (n=40; 7.4%). The five most predominant diseases were fibrous hyperplasia, non-specific chronic inflammatory processes, oral squamous cell carcinoma, non-specified odontogenic cysts and epithelial dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS Our results may be helpful in understanding the distribution of oral diseases in this very specific age group that requires special attention.

Histochemical Localization of Carbohydrates in Morphological Stages of Developing Human Minor Salivary Glands: A Comparative Study with Cytoskeletal Markers

Los hidratos de carbono tienen un papel critico en muchos procesos celulares, como la enfermedad, el crecimiento y el desarrollo. Fueron utilizadasas lectinas, proteinas que reconocen los hidratos de carbono libres o conjugados, como sondas de localizacion histoquimica de los carbohidratos en el desarrollo humano de la glandula salival menor. Se realizo inmunohistoquimica de los marcadores tradicionales del citoesqueleto (CKs 7, 8, 13, 14, 19, SMA y vimentina) y posterior comparacion con la histoquimica de lectinas para PNA, WGA, ConA y la UEA-I, especificas para D-galactosa, N-acetil-glucosamina, glucosa/manosa y L-fucosa, respectivamente. Para ello, se obtuvieron muestras de la lengua y de los labios de 15 fetos humanos entre 10-28 semanas de gestacion. Ninguno de los marcadores inmunologicos del citoesqueleto se identificaron en la primera etapa del desarrollo, diferente de los marcadores de hidratos de carbono. UEA-I, WGA y PNA reconocen sus residuos especificos de hidratos de carbono en todas las etapas analizadas variando la intensidad de la tincion y los tipos de celulas. CK8 y N-acetil-glucosamina se expresaron en etapas de canalizacion, ramificacion y citodiferenciacion mientras que SMA y la glucosa/manosa se observaron solamente en la etapa de citodiferenciacion. ConA solo se reconocio en las celulas mioepiteliales en etapas de citodiferenciacion. Asi, debido a esta especificidad, ConA podria utilizarse como marcador biologico de las celulas mioepiteliales en la citodiferenciacion. La histoquimica de lectinas sugiere que L-fucosa, D-galactosa y N-acetil-glucosamina son intensamente expresadas durante el desarrollo como los marcadores tradicionales del citoesqueleto humanos en las glandulas salivales menores .

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Human Homologue of Drosophila Patched (PTCH) in Dental Follicles of Impacted Third Molars

Se investigo la inmunodeteccion de PTCH en los componentes epiteliales de los foliculos dentales asociados a terceros molares retenidos sin signos radiograficos y morfologicos de patologia. Fueron quirurgicamente extraidos de 56 pacientes 105 muestras de foliculos dentales asociadas a terceros molares retenidos con rizogenesis incompleta (entre el estadio de Nolla 6 y 9). La proliferacion de celulas epiteliales se detemino mediante inmunohistoquimica. El analisis estadistico se realizo mediante la prueba exacta de Fisher. De los 105 foliculos dentales recogidos, 3 fueron PTCH-positivos. Las muestras con metaplasia escamosa e hiperplasia epitelial tuvieron mayores tasas de positividad para PTCH, asi como aquellos con los restos de proliferacion del epitelio odontogenico. En conclusion, este estudio sugiere que las celulas odontogenicas del foliculo dental podrian estar proliferando durante la rizogenesis, mientras que la metaplasia escamosa e hiperplasia del epitelio y de restos epiteliales odontogenicos en proliferacion muestran el potencial de diferenciacion de los foliculos dentales.

Oral and Maxillofacial Lesions Diagnosed in Older People of a Brazilian Population: A Multicentric Study

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of oral and maxillofacial lesions among older adults (≥60 years) from representative regions in Brazil.

Analysis of Dental Enamel Surface Submitted to Fruit Juice Plus Soymilk by Micro X-Ray Fluorescence: In Vitro Study

Objective. This paper aimed to analyze the in vitro industrialized fruit juices effect plus soy to establish the erosive potential of these solutions. Materials and Methods. Seventy bovine incisors were selected after being evaluated under stereomicroscope. Their crowns were prepared and randomly divided into 7 groups, using microhardness with allocation criteria. The crowns were submitted to the fruit juice plus soy during 15 days, twice a day. The pH values, acid titration, and Knoop microhardness were recorded and the specimens were evaluated using X-ray microfluorescence (µXRF). Results. The pH average for all juices and after 3 days was significantly below the critical value for dental erosion. In average, the pH value decreases 14% comparing initial time and pH after 3 days. Comparing before and after, there was a 49% microhardness decrease measured in groups (p < 0.05). Groups G1, G2, G5, and G6 are above this average. The analysis by μXRF showed a decrease of approximately 7% Ca and 4% P on bovine crowns surface. Florida (FL) statistical analysis showed a statistically significant 1 difference between groups. Thus, a tooth chance to suffer demineralization due to industrialized fruit juices plus soy is real.

The Promising Applications of Stem Cells in the Oral Region: Literature Review

Introduction: For a long time researchers have tried to find out a way to grow tissues back to the human body in order to solve transplantation problems by offering the unique opportunity to have their organs back, working properly, in search of life dignity. Literature Review: Stem cells seem to be present in many other tissues than researchers had once thought; and in some specific sites they can be easily collected, without the need of expensive interventions. The oral cavity is one of these regions where their collection can be accomplished, with plenty of accessible sites enriched with these precious cells. Aim: The aim of this literature review is to research where in the mouth can scientists find stem cells to be used in the near future. Key-message: The aim of this literature review is to research where stem cells can be found and collected in the oral cavity.

Central mucoepidermoid carcinoma radiographically mimicking an odontogenic tumor: A case report and literature review

Central mucoepidermoid carcinoma (CMC) of the jaw bones is a rare malignant salivary gland tumor of unknown pathogenesis, comprising about 4% of all mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MECs). Most cases are histologically classified as a low-grade tumor and radiographically appear as a well-defined unilocular or multilocular radiolucent lesion. Block resection or wide local excisions are the treatment of choice and patients usually show a good overall prognosis although a long-term follow-up is necessary. This report describes a case of a 28-year-old male with MEC in the posterior region of the mandible and discusses its clinical, radiographic and histopathological findings. Although rare, CMC may be considered a differential diagnosis in cases of proliferative and osteolytic lesions in the oral cavity even when its clinical and/or radiographic findings do not suggest malignancy.

Glycomic profile of the human parotid gland between 18th and 26th week of fetal development.

The formation of new and functional structural components of several organs, such as parotid glands, can be influenced by the glycocode. This study analyzed the glycobiology of parotid salivary gland tissue during fetal development using specific biochemical probes (lectins and antibodies). Eleven parotid gland samples from human fetuses were obtained from spontaneous abortions at 14-28 weeks of gestation, and tissue sections were analyzed for lectin histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. From the 18th to 26th week, Canavalia ensiformis agglutinin, wheat germ agglutinin, Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I, peanut agglutinin, Sambucus nigra agglutinin, and Vicia villosa agglutinin lectin staining were predominantly observed in the apical and/or basement membranes of the ducts and tubulo-acinar units. Moreover, the presence of galectin-1 was found in the membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus of both structures. Conversely, Gal-3 and mucin-1 were restricted to the glandular ducts. The lectin staining pattern changed during the weeks evaluated. Nevertheless, the carbohydrate subcellular localization represented a key factor in the investigation of structural distribution profiles and possible roles of these glycans in initial parotid gland development. These findings are defined by their high biological value and provide an important base for the development of subsequent studies. (J Oral Sci 58, 353-360, 2016).

Cervical Necrotizing Fasciitis Caused by Dental Extraction

Cervical necrotizing fasciitis is an unusual infection characterized by necrosis of the subcutaneous tissue and fascial layers. Risk factors for the development of necrotizing fasciitis include diabetes mellitus, chronic renal disease, peripheral vascular disease, malnutrition, advanced age, obesity, alcohol abuse, intravenous drug use, surgery, and ischemic ulcers. This report presents a case of necrotizing fasciitis in the cervical area caused by dental extraction in a 73-year-old woman. Cervical necrotizing fasciitis in geriatric patient is rare, and even when establishing the diagnosis and having it timely treated, the patient can suffer irreversible damage or even death. Clinical manifestations in the head and neck usually have an acute onset characterized by severe pain, swelling, redness, erythema, presence of necrotic tissue, and in severe cases obstruction of the upper airways. Therefore, the presentation of this clinical case can serve as guidance to dentists as a precaution to maintain an aseptic chain and be aware of the clinical condition of older patients and the systemic conditions that may increase the risk of infections.

Apical Extrusion of Debris Produced during Continuous Rotating and Reciprocating Motion

This study aimed to analyse and compare apical extrusion of debris in canals instrumented with systems used in reciprocating and continuous motion. Sixty mandibular premolars were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 20): the Reciproc (REC), WaveOne (WO), and HyFlex CM (HYF) groups. One Eppendorf tube per tooth was weighed in advance on an analytical balance. The root canals were instrumented according to the manufacturers instructions, and standardised irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite was performed to a total volume of 9 mL. After instrumentation, the teeth were removed from the Eppendorf tubes and incubated at 37°C for 15 days to evaporate the liquid. The tubes were weighed again, and the difference between the initial and final weight was calculated to determine the weight of the debris. The data were statistically analysed using the Shapiro-Wilk, Wilcoxon, and Mann-Whitney tests (α = 5%). All systems resulted in the apical extrusion of debris. Reciproc produced significantly more debris than WaveOne (p < 0.05), and both systems produced a greater apical extrusion of debris than HyFlex CM (p < 0.001). Cross section and motion influenced the results, despite tip standardization.