Anders Riisager

Supported Ionic Liquids: Fundamentals and Applications

This unique book gives a timely overview about the fundamentals and applications of supported ionic liquids in modern organic synthesis. It introduces the concept and synthesis of SILP materials and presents important applications in the field of catalysis (e.g. hydroformylation, hydrogenation, coupling reactions, fine chemical synthesis) as well as energy technology and gas separation. Written by pioneers in the field, this book is an invaluable reference book for organic chemists in academia or industry.

Thermomorphic phase separation in ionic liquid–organic liquid systems—conductivity and spectroscopic characterization

Electrical conductivity, FT-Raman and NMR measurements are demonstrated as useful tools to probe and determine phase behavior of thermomorphic ionic liquid-organic liquid systems. To illustrate the methods, consecutive conductivity measurements of a thermomorphic methoxyethoxyethyl-imidazolium ionic liquid/1-hexanol system are performed in the temperature interval 25-80 degrees C using a specially constructed double-electrode cell. In addition, FT-Raman and 1H-NMR spectroscopic studies performed on the phase-separable system in the same temperature interval confirm the mutual solubility of the components in the system, the liquid-liquid equilibrium phase diagram of the binary mixture, and signify the importance of hydrogen bonding between the ionic liquid and the hydroxyl group of the alcohol.

Flue Gas Cleaning With Alternative Processes and Reaction Media

a Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable and Green Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark b Laboratoire TECSEN, Faculte des Sciences et Techniques de St Jerome, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France c School of Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, GA 30332, USA d Lehrstuhl fur Chemische Reaktionstechnik, Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany

Challenges and perspectives for catalysis in production of diesel from biomass

The production of biofuels is expected to increase in the future due to environmental concerns, accelerating oil prices and the desire to achieve independence from mineral oil sources. Of the proposed methods for diesel production from biomass, the esterification and transesterification of plant oils or waste fats with methanol is the most prominent and has been applied industrially for a decade. Homogeneous acid and base catalysis is normally used, but solid acids, solid bases, ionic liquids and lipases are being developed as replacements. Hydrodeoxygenation of vegetable oils has likewise been commercialized. Diesel from biomass may also be produced by catalytic upgrading of bio-oils from flash pyrolysis, by aqueous-phase reforming of carbohydrates into non- or mono-functionalized hydrocarbons via consecutive reduction-condensation reactions, or by gasification of biomass to synthesis gas of CO and H2 and liquefaction to alkanes via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. Here, the current challenges and perspectives regarding catalysis and raw materials for diesel production from biomass are surveyed.

Catalysis for a Sustainable Chemicals Production, Environment, and the Future

Catalysis has for more than a century been a paramount technology for evolving the World to its current stage of development by securing the continuously increasing global needs of bulk and specialty chemicals in the chemical industry, as well as in most other industrial sectors, where such chemicals are applied in an enormous variety of downstream products. Importantly, catalysis has reduced energy consumption and waste from chemical production as well as contributed essentially to environmental and health protection by eliminating pollutants and hazardous compounds. With selected examples, this article elucidates the contribution of catalysis to a sustainable production of chemicals, protection of the environment, and emerging industrial processes.