Ândrea de Melo

O uso de software no treinamento auditivo em crianças: revisão teórica

The auditory processing disorder refers to the inability of the central auditory system to capture and interpret sound information from the external environment. To minimize or to remedy the effects of this disorder in daily life of the subjects is indicated therapy with auditory training. The aim of this study was to present a literature review on the use of software in the training of auditory skills in children. Have been take one search in databases: Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO), Sistema da Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciencias da Saude (LILACS), National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE e PUBMED) and Indice Bibliografico Espanhol de Ciencia da Saude (IBECS). The research was carried out from 2008 to 2014, using the keywords: auditory perception; acoustic stimulation; Software; children. Selection criteria: Publication performed after 2008 and using computerized auditory training as a means of therapeutic intervention in children independent of the condition and/or disorder involved, in Portuguese or Spanish or English. According to research in the last six years, the use of software in the auditory training in children has been shown to be an effective tool. The articles analyzed demonstrate that the use of computer programs allows engagement and motivation, besides the rehabilitation of the auditory skills.

Computerized Auditory Training in Students: Electrophysiological and Subjective Analysis of Therapeutic Effectiveness

Introduction  Computerized auditory training (CAT) has been building a good reputation in the stimulation of auditory abilities in cases of auditory processing disorder (APD). Objective  To measure the effects of CAT in students with APD, with typical or atypical phonological acquisition, through electrophysiological and subjective measures, correlating them pre- and post-therapy. Methods  The sample for this study includes14 children with APD, subdivided into children with APD and typical phonological acquisition (G1), and children with APD and atypical phonological acquisition (G2). Phonological evaluation of children (PEC), long latency auditory evoked potential (LLAEP) and scale of auditory behaviors (SAB) were conducted to help with the composition of the groups and with the therapeutic intervention. The therapeutic intervention was performed using the software Escuta Ativa (CTS Informática, Pato Branco, Brazil) in 12 sessions of 30 minutes, twice a week. For data analysis, the appropriate statistical tests were used. Results  A decrease in the latency of negative wave N2 and the positive wave P3 in the left ear in G1, and a decrease of P2 in the right ear in G2 were observed. In the analysis comparing the pre- and post-CAT groups, there was a significant difference in P1 latency in the left ear and P2 latency in the right ear, pre-intervention. Furthermore, eight children had an absence of the P3 wave, pre-CAT, but after the intervention, all of them presented the P3 wave. There were changes in the SAB score pre- and post-CAT in both groups. The presence of correlation between the scale and some LLAEP components was observed. Conclusion  The CAT produced an electrophysiological modification, which became evident in the effects of the effects of neural plasticity after CAT. The SAB proved to be useful in measuring the therapeutic effects of the intervention. Moreover, there were behavioral changes in the SAB (higher scores) and correlation with LLAEP.

Potencial evocado auditivo cortical em neonatos a termo e pré-termo: gênero e indicadores de risco para deficiência auditiva

Purpose To investigate the exogenous potential in normal hearing neonates born at full term and preterm, correlating them to gender and to the presence of risk indicators for hearing impairment (IRDA). Methods 96 of 127 newborns were considered after judges’ analysis. Sixty six were born at term and 30 preterm in a public hospital. All neonates had result “pass” in neonatal hearing screening. The exam records were conducted with newborns, in natural sleep, through positioned electrodes: the active on the forehead (Fz), the ground (Fpz) on the forehead and the reference ones on the left (M1) and right (M2) mastoid. Verbal stimuli were presented binaurally. The frequent stimulus was /ba/ and /ga/ was the rare stimulus, in intensity of 70 dBHL, through insert earphones. The oddball paradigm was respected. The presence or absence of exogenous potential was analyzed. For data analysis, statistical tests were used. Results There was a statistically significant difference in the values of female gender components related to N1-P2 amplitude in the left ear. There was no significant difference between the IRDAs presence and components absence. Conclusion It was verified that the cortical auditory evoked potentials in neonates present higher amplitude values in the preterm group in females, and no statistically significant difference related to latency. However, regarding the presence of IRDAs and absence of components, it was not found significant connection.

TAXA DE EVASÃO NO RETESTE DA TRIAGEM AUDITIVA NEONATAL: A RELEVÂNCIA DO TERMO DE RESPONSABILIDADE

Objetivo: verificar se houve diminuicao da taxa de evasao no reteste da Triagem Auditiva Neonatal, apos implementacao de um procedimento de assinatura de um termo de responsabilidade. Metodologia: foram avaliados 90 prontuarios de neonatos com necessidade de reteste, pois falharam na Triagem Auditiva Neonatal, em um Hospital Universitario. Os prontuarios foram divididos em grupo estudo (49), os quais os responsaveis assinaram o termo de responsabilidade, assim se comprometiam com o retorno para conclusao diagnostica e grupo controle (41) sem a assinatura do referido termo. Analisou-se a taxa de evasao nos dois grupos, considerando a presenca no reteste. Resultados: o grupo estudo apresentou uma taxa de evasao de 29% no reteste, ja o grupo controle evidenciou taxa de 42%, mostrando diferenca estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos. Conclusao: Foi encontrada diminuicao da taxa da evasao dos bebes no reteste da Triagem Auditiva Neonatal, apos implementacao do procedimento de assinatura de um termo de responsabilidade. Descritores: Triagem Neonatal; Indicador de Risco; Recem-nascido; Audicao

Efeitos do treinamento auditivo computadorizado em crianças com distúrbio do processamento auditivo e sistema fonológico típico e atípico

Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos do treinamento auditivo computadorizado (TAC) por meio da analise do desempenho em testes comportamentais e da Escala de Funcionamento Auditivo (SAB), em criancas com disturbio do processamento auditivo (DPA) e sistema fonologico tipico e atipico. Metodos: Participaram 14 criancas com DPA, sete criancas com DPA e aquisicao fonologica tipica (G1) e sete com DPA e aquisicao fonologica atipica (G2). Foi realizada a avaliacao comportamental do processamento auditivo com o Teste de Deteccao de Intervalo Aleatorio (RGDT), Teste de Inteligibilidade Pediatrica (PSI), Teste Dicotico Nao Verbal (TDNV) e Escala de Funcionamento Auditivo (SAB). Para composicao dos grupos realizou-se a Avaliacao Fonologica da Crianca. A intervencao terapeutica foi realizada por meio do software Escuta Ativa, com 12 sessoes, duas vezes por semana. Utilizou-se testes estatisticos adequados. Resultados: No desempenho nos testes comportamentais do processamento auditivo (PA), pre-TAC e pos-TAC, o resultado foi significativo no RGDT e TDNV, etapa de escuta direcionada a esquerda em ambos os grupos e TDNV a direita apenas no G2. Houve correlacao positiva entre SAB e algumas condicoes de escuta do teste PSI em ambos os grupos, tanto pre-TAC quanto pos-TAC, alem de correlacao negativa entre a SAB e o teste RGDT pos-TAC, no grupo com aquisicao fonologica tipica e DPA. A SAB mostrou-se um instrumento util para mensurar o efeito do TAC. Conclusao: O TAC mostrou-se eficaz para melhorar/adequar os processos gnosicos auditivos em escolares dos grupos estudados. Houve correlacao entre os testes comportamentais e o escore na SAB.