Andréa Maria Teixeira Fortes

Efeito alelopático de sabugueiro e capim-limão na germinação de picão-preto e soja

Agriculture has been suffering adaptations throughout time, from hard hand labor to the most advanced sowing and harvesting techniques. Invasive plants are a constant, diminishing productivity by competing for space, nutrients, and water. Therefore, farmers have adopted, on a large scale, the use of efficient synthetic chemicals, which are highly toxic to the environment, in order to control plant production. However, there are other alternative means to control those competitors: using allelochemicals present in some plants, such as medicinal ones. The objective of this paper is to analyze allelophatic properties of the medicinal plants Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf. and Sambucus australis Cham. and Schltdl., and inhibit Bidens pilosa L. without interfering on Glycine max L. Merrill germination. The extracts were obtained by crushing 200 g of leaves and mixing them with 1 liter of distilled water. The seeds were kept in B.O.D. at a temperature of 25oC, with a photoperiod of 12 hours of light. Considering the conditions in which the experiment was performed, it was concluded that the warm liquid extract of Cymbopogon citratus restrained the germination of Bidens pilosa L. without interfering on the germination of soybean, whereas the warm liquid extract of Sambucus australis Cham. constrained soybean and Bidens pilosa L. germination. Thus, the use of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf. as a natural herbicide for Bidens pilosa L. is recommended.

Crescimento de mudas de Gleditschia amorphoides Taub. produzidas em diferentes substratos

Popularmente conhecida como sucara, Gleditschia amorphoides e uma especie que, alem do uso madeireiro, pode ser utilizada em plantios destinados a recuperacao de areas degradadas, assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento das mudas, ao longo do tempo, produzidas em diferentes substratos. O experimento foi realizado no viveiro da UNIOESTE em Santa Helena - PR, utilizando-se de semeadura direta em tubetes de polipropileno de 200 cm3. Foram testadas diferentes misturas como substrato, contendo Plantmax®, residuo de folha decomposto, serragem, cama de aviario, esterco bovino e casca de arroz carbonizada. Mensalmente, durante 180 dias, foram avaliadas altura e diâmetro do colo, sendo estes analisados segundo um delineamento de blocos casualizados, com 5 repeticoes de 12 mudas, em um esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo. No termino do experimento foi avaliada a massa seca das raizes e da parte aerea, a relacao entre estas variaveis e a area foliar, para 12 mudas por tratamento, seguindo um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Determinou-se a capacidade de retencao de agua, porosidade total e pH dos substratos. Todos os dados foram submetidos a analise de variância e as medias comparadas pelo teste Tukey. Em geral todos os substratos proporcionaram aumento gradativo no diâmetro e na altura das mudas. Mudas produzidas em 50 % de Plantmax® + 20 % de casca de arroz carbonizada + 30 % esterco bovino apresentaram maior diâmetro (4,5 mm) e altura das mudas (22,7 cm), assim como maior massa seca da raiz e da parte aerea (0,88 e 1,62 g, respectivamente), seguido de mudas produzidas em 50 % Plantmax® + 20 % de casca de arroz carbonizada + 20 % esterco bovino + 10 % de residuo de folhas com 4,0 mm e 19,7 cm, para diâmetro e altura, respectivamente. Nas condicoes deste experimento as mudas de sucara, produzidas com 50 % de Plantmax® + 20 % de casca de arroz carbonizada + 30 % esterco bovino, apresentaram maior crescimento.

Superação de dormência em sementes de Gleditschia amorphoides Taub.

The objective of this research was to evaluate methods to overcome dormancy of seeds of Gleditschia amorphoides. For dormancys overcoming the seeds received the following treatments: 1) control; 2) mechanical scarfication 3) mechanical scarfication + water/24h; 4) mechanical scarfication + hot water/24h; 5) hot water/24h; 6) sulfuric acid (H2SO4)/1h; 7) H2SO4/2h; 8) H2SO4/1h + water/24h; 9) H2SO4/30min + flowing water/4h; 10) mechanical scarfication + flowing water/4h. Germination was done in rolls of Germitest conditioned in a germination chamber under 25°C, during 12h for 26 days. Percentage, time and average speed of germination were evaluated. The experimental design was completely casual with 10 treatments, 4 repetitions and 25 seeds. The best results were recorded for treatments with mechanical and chemical scarification with averages between 76 and 98% of germination, from 2.17 to 2.88 days for medium time for germination and 0.46 to 0.48 seeds/day for average speed of germination, demonstrating that these are the best methods to overcome dormancy of seeds.

Guia ilustrado de Leguminosae Juss. arbóreas do Corredor de Biodiversidade Santa Maria - PR

Leguminosae represents one of the leading families in floristic and phytosociological studies. Such variety can lead to difficulties in identification, particularly in sterile sample collection. The aim of this study was to prepare an illustrated guide with tips from the field, as well as an identification key addressing the major vegetative diagnostic features of Leguminosae trees from the Corredor de Biodiversidade de Santa Maria, which binds the protection strip of Itaipu Lake to the Iguacu National Park. This corridor brings together several remnants of the Floresta Estacional Semidecidual in south-western Parana and reforested areas. Samples have been collected in different areas of the corridor, three forest remnants (Iguacu National Park, the Legal Reserve of Fazenda Sao Jose, Private Reserve of Natural Heritage Fazenda Santa Maria), and two reforested areas (Range Dry and Range of Itaipu Lake Protection). Legumes collected were photographed in the field, with prosumer camera, recording morphological and vegetative stem rhytidome, staining the inner bark and/or sapwood, exudate, analysis of the format of the leaflets, the presence of spines, glands, extrafloral nectaries, hairiness, and when present, reproductive structures. The samples were identified and housed at Herbario da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana (UNOP). Were found 29 species of Leguminosae, for which were designed with guide plates, illustrating the main diagnostic vegetative characteristics, as well as a dichotomous key to assist in the identification of Leguminosae species present in southwestern Parana. The specimen features trunk as rhytidome, inner bark and/or sapwood, shape and color of the leaflets, presence of exudate, prickles, hairiness, extrafloral nectaries or glands were of great value in the field, which allowed the identification of species of Leguminosae of the Corredor de Biodiversidade Santa Maria.

Comparison of the phytochemical profiles of five native plant species in two different forest formations

The expression of chemical compounds by individual plants of the same species in different locations may be affected by abiotic factors resulting in differences in the production of allelopathic compounds. The objective of this study was to compare the phytochemical profiles of plant species from two different forest formations in the state of Paraná, Brazil. The forest formations were Seasonal Semideciduous Forest (SSF) and Lowland Ombrophilous Dense Forest (LODF), and the five study species were Jacaranda micrantha, Cecropia pachystachya, Mimosa bimucronata, Schinus terebinthifolius and Cedrela fissilis. Secondary metabolites were extracted by exhaustive extraction with methanol, and the crude extract was fractionated using column chromatography. The fractions were used to calculate the retention factor of the main compounds using thin layer chromatography and phytochemical tests. The classes of compounds identified were practically the same among the analyzed species, however, at different levels of concentration. The type of tannins found in S. terebinthifolius differed between the two forest formations.

Physiological behavior of bean's seeds and grains during storage

Beans are one of the most used foods to meet the energy needs of the Brazilian diet, requiring farmers to use high seed physiological potential. The aim was to evaluate the physiological quality of beans stored for 360 days. Analyses were performed at 0, 30, 90, 180, 270, and 360 days after receiving the seeds (S1 and S2) and grains (G1 and G2) of BRS Splendor. Tests of germination, accelerated aging, cold, speed of germination, average length of shoots, and root were performed. The experimental design was completely randomized split-plot in time and the means were compared through Tukey test at 5% probability. Seed germination was not affected in S2, while the drop in S1 and G1 was significant. The vigor of grains from field 1 declined from 91 to 50% and from 93% to 76% by accelerated aging and cold, respectively, after 360 days. The germination speed tests performed showed a decreased during the experiment. The grains from field 1 had lower physiological quality. The accelerated aging and cold tests, through the speed of germination parameter, showed decrease in the vigor of the Splendor BRS. The storage period influenced the physiological quality of the beans tested.

Crescimento de mudas deGleditschia amorphoidesTaub. produzidas em diferentes substratos

Popularmente conhecida como sucara, Gleditschia amorphoides e uma especie que, alem do uso madeireiro, pode ser utilizada em plantios destinados a recuperacao de areas degradadas, assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento das mudas, ao longo do tempo, produzidas em diferentes substratos. O experimento foi realizado no viveiro da UNIOESTE em Santa Helena - PR, utilizando-se de semeadura direta em tubetes de polipropileno de 200 cm3. Foram testadas diferentes misturas como substrato, contendo Plantmax®, residuo de folha decomposto, serragem, cama de aviario, esterco bovino e casca de arroz carbonizada. Mensalmente, durante 180 dias, foram avaliadas altura e diâmetro do colo, sendo estes analisados segundo um delineamento de blocos casualizados, com 5 repeticoes de 12 mudas, em um esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo. No termino do experimento foi avaliada a massa seca das raizes e da parte aerea, a relacao entre estas variaveis e a area foliar, para 12 mudas por tratamento, seguindo um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Determinou-se a capacidade de retencao de agua, porosidade total e pH dos substratos. Todos os dados foram submetidos a analise de variância e as medias comparadas pelo teste Tukey. Em geral todos os substratos proporcionaram aumento gradativo no diâmetro e na altura das mudas. Mudas produzidas em 50 % de Plantmax® + 20 % de casca de arroz carbonizada + 30 % esterco bovino apresentaram maior diâmetro (4,5 mm) e altura das mudas (22,7 cm), assim como maior massa seca da raiz e da parte aerea (0,88 e 1,62 g, respectivamente), seguido de mudas produzidas em 50 % Plantmax® + 20 % de casca de arroz carbonizada + 20 % esterco bovino + 10 % de residuo de folhas com 4,0 mm e 19,7 cm, para diâmetro e altura, respectivamente. Nas condicoes deste experimento as mudas de sucara, produzidas com 50 % de Plantmax® + 20 % de casca de arroz carbonizada + 30 % esterco bovino, apresentaram maior crescimento.