Andrea Vallicelli

Human Factors in Transportation: Social and Technological Evolution Across Maritime, Road, Rail, and Aviation Domains

How to cite :Giuseppe Di Bucchianico, Andrea Vallicelli, Neville A. Stanton, Steven J. Landry. 25 Aug 2016, Visual Pleasantness in Interior Yacht Design: A Case Study of the Pleasure-Based Approach Application from: Human Factors in Transportation, Social and Technological Evolution Across Maritime, Road, Rail, and Aviation Domains CRC Press Accessed on: 09 Nov 2019 https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.1201/9781315370460-5

“Just in Time” Product Design: Case Study of a High-Customizable Chase Boat

The mega-yacht demand has had an exponential growth in the international market in recent years. Consequently, the tender boats demand is growing. At the same time, the introduction of new materials and new process technologies have allowed the production system reorganization and optimization. So the designers have the opportunity to propose innovative design solutions characterized by a high level of flexibility and customization. This paper presents the results of a research on “just in time” products, conducted by the Departement of Architecture of the “G. d’Annunzio” University of Pescara (Italy). In particular we propose a chase boat concept adaptable to different contexts and conditions of use, to illustrate the advantages given by: the use of flexible and customizable products (through the reconfiguration of the living space) according to the specific needs of the users; the correct sizing of the elements that make up the system; connection management; the “visual pleasantness” obtained with natural and artificial lighting of internal environments.

3D Design Process: Case Study of Metaproject Analysis and 3D Printing Concept Proposal in the Field of Fashion

In recent years, a continuous and rapid evolution of the analysis’ processes, design, and industrial products’ production, take place. Additive technologies spreads, together with digital modeling systems’ diffusion and application, in the field of industrial design and into the market. The designers and entrepreneurs’ modus operandi is changing, according to the potentialities offered by the new digital tools (both knowingly and unconsciously). Factory and designers began to experiment, research and rethink products’ identity, linked to the potential offered by new materials, as well as new processes. Complex shapes control, printing process optimization, exasperation of customization factors, become substantial features to determine new consumer scenarios, and to radically rethink the product idea, starting from the user as a cultural and physical reference, with the main goal of determining competitive repositioning strategies of design-oriented businesses. The paper presents the results of a research based to the 3d design process applied to the fashion accessories’s sector, developed into the Department of Architecture, d’Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara (Italy). The research has highlighted the benefits relating to the introduction of digital design tools and additive production processes in the filed of fashion. At the same time, the meanings of unique products (tailor made, specifically featured for user anthropometrics, flexible in different usability context, and ultimately highly customizable) for the user and investors.

Design for Inclusion in the Field of Sailing Yachts. Design for All Approach for Small Sailing Boats

In recent years, a strong attention to the issues of human diversity, social inclusion and equality has developed in the field of yachting. This awareness has led to the creation of sailing boats much more closely-related to Design for Inclusion theories, Universal Design (UD) and Design for All (DfA) in particular. In this paper, we present a final result of a Ph.D. research. The purpose of this study was to define the design guidelines for small sailing boats, based on the principles of DfA. To obtain this result, a comprehensive study of the state of the art was conducted, through the analysis of fifty small sailing boats. This study was carried out in two distinct phases. During the first one, all small sailing boats were filed and the characteristics of all case studies were observed. During the second one, comparative analyses between different boats were conducted. Starting from this analysis, we have drawn up design guidelines based on the principles of DfA.

Boat Camping Sailing Yacht: A Study Case of Conscious Yacht Design

Camping is a pleasurable yachting activity that enables people to visit beautiful and pristine lagoons, rivers, canals, lakes and marine reserves. The water in these places is often very shallow and there are no landing stages. This calls for a type of vessel suitable for coastal yachting and navigating inland waters. A small yacht can be considered ideal for this purpose. The concept proposed is a small trailerable sailboat for camping, with special performance, from both the naval and ergonomic point of view. This concept introduces the ideas of easy management of the sailing performance, housing activity, beaching and transportation, and an insight into the tactile pleasure of the deck surfaces. This first phase of the research reports a series of critical reflections related to the conscious design of small yachts, taking into account of various aspects: the environmental context, on-board activities, out-board activities and general management of the yacht.

“A-Shaped” Mast Sailing Yacht: Technological Solution for Easy Navigation

Most of the modern sailboats are armed with a sloop sail plan. This type of plan has some aerodynamic and operational drawbacks. The central mast position and its equipment create vortices on the sails (decreasing the efficiency) and, in particular, considerably reduce the habitability of both the deck and interior. In this paper we present a solution to this problems through the concept of a 35 ft yacht armed with a “simplified sail plan”. It is an “A-shaped” mast placed in the stern area of the yacht that has been considered in single jib and double jib configuration. This sail plan represents an opportunity of great interest for a Design for All approach, because it follows some of it fundamental principles, for example: to enable prehensility, to require minimal efforts and ability to the users, to use of technological solution (also innovative) to meet the requirements and skills of the user, etc.

What about the Next Generation? Assessing Experts’ Judgments of Human Abilities Required for Working in a Future ATC Environment

With the implementation of the European ATM Master Plan (SESAR, 2012) job requirements for air-traffic controllers (ATCOs) will alter significantly. Especially the introduction of time-based operations is considered to impose large changes in task operations. A controller-in-the-loop simulation study was designed to assess experts’ judgments on the main human abilities required for working in time-based arrival scenarios with different levels of assistance by an arrival-management system. Five male controllers (mean age: 32.5 years; mean job experience: 10.8 years) licensed for the simulated sector performed on one baseline scenario and four future scenarios. Gazedata were tracked and questionnaires on situation awareness and workload, as well as a modified Fleishman Job Analysis Survey (F-JAS) were applied. The experts judged the ability to identify problems produced by automation, as well as the ability to stay vigilant as being increasingly required in a highly automated time-based environment. The high number of gaze transitions between aircraft-targets adds objective indication: Under the simulated future conditions ATCOs were hardly able to build up attention guiding expectations which are necessary to keep up with the system- and traffic-parameters. This was also reflected in low situation awareness and high workload ratings.

Ergonomics and Modern Technology in the Restoration of Historic Vessels: A Challenge for a New Life

User interface design of nowadays safety-critical human-machine systems has a significant impact on human operator situation awareness (SA). SA is composed of three levels including the perception (level 1), comprehension (level 2) and projection (level 3) of information. A significant part of accidents can be attributed to level 1 error. This means that human operators have problems to satisfy their information demand with supplied information during task performance. While thoroughly checking user interface designs for information gaps is a standard in professional system design it is a time consuming and error prone process. In this paper we introduce an information gap model, which allows investigation of inconsistencies between information supply and demand. We present a method to detect information gaps and assess the fitness between information supply and demand. The method can be executed semi-automatically. We show the method’s implementation into an integrated system modelling environment and demonstrate the application with an autopilot component in a course change task on a ship bridge. We performed an expert evaluation with maritime system engineers and a human factors ergonomist to estimate the applicability, benefits and shortcomings of the method. Overall, the evaluation results are promising and warrant further research of the method.

To Beep or Not to Beep: Developing a Non-Fail-Safe Warning System in a Fail-Safe Train Protection Environment

Previous studies have discovered that the tacit but indispensable “ship sense” from seafarers is intensively involved in creating and maintaining “harmony” to assure the safety. The concept of “harmony” reveals the continuous balanced effect by tuning the ship to the dynamic environment under different situations that ship handlers strive for. While the notions of ship sense and harmony is originally created for onboard ship maneuvering, this paper extends it to the domain of shore-based control centers for unmanned ship handling from the perspective of human factors. With the loss of direct ship-sense, the harmony is also lost. This paper analyzes the challenges from having the operator onboard to onshore during ship maneuvering and explores the changing aspects of human factors we need to focus on, in order to facilitate shore-based ship-handlers to regain the harmony. The EU project Maritime Unmanned Ship though Intelligence in Networks (MUNIN) provides the context to conduct the focus group interview of participants with seagoing experience. The shifted human factors in shore-based unmanned ship handling are discussed. The results highlight several differential aspects in human factors that should be considered, such as situation awareness. It provides keys to design shore-based control center for remote monitoring and control in accordance with user-centered design principles.

Leading Indicators of Operational Risk on the Railway: A Novel Use for Underutilized Data Recordings

Abstract : A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of visual alerting during a task that required full attention and that used multiple displays. Alert detection time was collected, and eye-tracking data was recorded to determine where participants were looking, particularly when an alert appeared. Results showed that a full border around the display was detected faster than a short bar at the top of the display. This finding is in contrast to previous work in our lab, where the bar alert has always been superior for detection. Previous findings had inferred that the bar alert can be included in a spotlight of attention created during the task. The new findings suggest that the spotlight was expanded in the current experiment as a consequence of limitations in head movement imposed by wearing the eye-tracking equipment. As a result the bar was not captured and detection time was slower. The eye-tracking data was also used to validate mouse cursor location as a reasonable indication of where eyes are looking. The data showed a relatively strong correlation between eye and cursor and indicated that for the task used the cursor is a suitable tool for collecting data on where an individual is looking.