Giuseppe Di Bucchianico

Design for All. The Increasing Dissemination of Teaching Experiences

At the same time with the latest global demographic phenomena, have developed and quickly spread different design approaches related to the more general definition of “Design for inclusion”. Among them, the Design for All seems the most appropriate to spread social awareness oriented to the inclusion, in addition to being particularly effective for the training of young designers, because it forces them to consider the constraints and opportunities arising from the complex system of target project. The text describes some educational experiences conducted in recent years in Italy, in the University of Chieti-Pescara, referring to a number of application areas: bathing, shopping, sign systems, preparation and consumption of food and drink, gardening. The text highlights the importance of the training time to increase awareness of young designers on the issues of human diversity and social inclusion, and at the same time the way in which the DfA approach would encourage innovation, particularly through effective design concept.

Human Factors in Transportation: Social and Technological Evolution Across Maritime, Road, Rail, and Aviation Domains

How to cite :Giuseppe Di Bucchianico, Andrea Vallicelli, Neville A. Stanton, Steven J. Landry. 25 Aug 2016, Visual Pleasantness in Interior Yacht Design: A Case Study of the Pleasure-Based Approach Application from: Human Factors in Transportation, Social and Technological Evolution Across Maritime, Road, Rail, and Aviation Domains CRC Press Accessed on: 09 Nov 2019 https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.1201/9781315370460-5

Global homologation versus inter-disciplinary approach: teaching ergonomics at a design faculty

The process of ‘massification’ of customs, traditions, languages, materials and ways of production due to the phenomenon of globalisation has determined an inevitable depletion of the ‘value’ of things, both at the architectural and at the everyday things scale. The richness of an artefact, in fact, resides in its capacity of including experiences, stories, traditions and specific features, even local, in encouraging new experiences as well as in stimulating new uses. For this purpose, one of the most promising paths seems to be the involvement of multidisciplinary competences, starting from the design process, which is the main vocation of ergonomics. Consequently, teaching ergonomics inside the faculties of design appears necessary to favour the recovery of the ‘ethical value’ of design. If ergonomics were provided with sufficient didactic autonomy, it would let young designers understand its own strategic and proposal value in enabling the awareness and the critical conceptual development of ideas.

Cyclotourism and Social Inclusion: From Service to Product for a Smart Extra-Urban Bike Sharing

The theme of social inclusion is increasingly assuming strategic strength in the design of products and services, dictating the guidelines for implementing a context that takes account of human diversity. Watching reality from this point of view brings to consider the multiplicity of needs as a wealth and a stimulating opportunity for new design solutions and innovative ideas, considered as the integrated and coherent system-product set. This approach is crucial when deals with issues such as ecotourism and, more generally, with alternative and sustainable mobility for which it is necessary to deepen the distinctions and different needs of “all”. The possibility to develop new paradigms and expressive languages is also due to the diffusion of new materials and digital technologies that enable systems and products to become smart, closely interconnected and able to develop and to change to adapt as best it can to the users’ needs. This contribution presents the results of a research experience conducted within the Design Thesis Lab at the Department of Architecture of the University of Chieti-Pescara (Italy), which has developed a new smart extra-urban bike sharing system. In this particular case, an e-bike product is described with non-common adaptability to different users and designs, resulting from the application of Design for All’s inclusive design principles and at the same time as innovative technologies and materials.

Smart Shopping Experience. New Materials and Technologies for Social Inclusion Through Daily Activities

Materials are increasingly becoming one of the key elements to obtain innovative design solutions that can generate new sensory paradigms and expressive languages. In particular, the growing development of new materials and the pervasive diffusion of digital technologies offer insights and opportunities to respond with unprecedented solutions to the needs expressed by specific user targets, even in areas related to traditional daily activities. Among these is “shopping”, which can also become an impressive tool for pursuit inclusion in everyday life, even more when design attention is focused to the needs of individuals with the bigger difficulties to buy something autonomously. Here are presented the results of a design experience aimed to facilitate the choice of an item of clothing during the shopping experience, starting from the needs of people who have the greatest difficulties. Based on the Design for All approach, a complete system of information/display elements was developed, characterized by specific morphological, sensorial, and technological features.

Social Inclusion and Territorial Enhancement: A Project of Tourism Interactive Information System for Bike Users

Social inclusion and territorial enhancement: these are two aspects that can be closely related, especially through relational networks and information systems. In this the new technologies offer a fundamental contribution, both to encourage the involvement, monitoring and relationships between people, and to improve the fruition of the territory and of the resources it can offer. This contribution shows the results of a research project aimed at demonstrating the feasibility of a tourism interactive information system, referring in particular to a specific category of users: cyclists crossing a specific coastal area, in central Italy, rich in natural, historical, artistic resources and food and wine. In particular, the research focuses initially on the project of the information service, identifying the possible relationships and interactive connections between the cyclotourists, the territory and the different communities and stakeholders involved in the service. Subsequently, the research deepens the possible development of an information device that, inserted in specific points of the cycle path, becomes the privileged tool of interaction of the bike users with the territory and its resources.

Design for Inclusion. From Teaching Experiences to Social Changes

Aging, disability, multi-ethnicity and multiculturalism, deurbanization, migration: these are some of the most important socio-demographic phenomena that characterize today’s society, and which presumably will increase in intensity in the coming decades, especially in Europe. Design for inclusion, through its different approaches, appears immediately as a formidable tool to give a design response to these phenomena, which represent the challenges with which all the social and cultural economic actors will have to confront in the next future. Starting from a short description of the different approaches of design for inclusion, which have developed in recent years for designing environments, products, services and systems that encourage all individuals in the comfortable and self-enjoyment of every aspect of everyday life, this text focuses on the necessity to form consciences and sensitivities related to human diversity and to the value that it brings with it. This starting from the main actors of the design process, ie by designers, but not limited to them, but by involving the largest possible number of active participants in the so-called “value chain”. Through the description of some initiatives and teaching experiences, developed in universities, the chapter aims to highlight what the training time can be significant and challenging to increase the sensitivity of the young designers on the issues of human diversity and social inclusion.

What about the Next Generation? Assessing Experts’ Judgments of Human Abilities Required for Working in a Future ATC Environment

With the implementation of the European ATM Master Plan (SESAR, 2012) job requirements for air-traffic controllers (ATCOs) will alter significantly. Especially the introduction of time-based operations is considered to impose large changes in task operations. A controller-in-the-loop simulation study was designed to assess experts’ judgments on the main human abilities required for working in time-based arrival scenarios with different levels of assistance by an arrival-management system. Five male controllers (mean age: 32.5 years; mean job experience: 10.8 years) licensed for the simulated sector performed on one baseline scenario and four future scenarios. Gazedata were tracked and questionnaires on situation awareness and workload, as well as a modified Fleishman Job Analysis Survey (F-JAS) were applied. The experts judged the ability to identify problems produced by automation, as well as the ability to stay vigilant as being increasingly required in a highly automated time-based environment. The high number of gaze transitions between aircraft-targets adds objective indication: Under the simulated future conditions ATCOs were hardly able to build up attention guiding expectations which are necessary to keep up with the system- and traffic-parameters. This was also reflected in low situation awareness and high workload ratings.

Ergonomics and Modern Technology in the Restoration of Historic Vessels: A Challenge for a New Life

User interface design of nowadays safety-critical human-machine systems has a significant impact on human operator situation awareness (SA). SA is composed of three levels including the perception (level 1), comprehension (level 2) and projection (level 3) of information. A significant part of accidents can be attributed to level 1 error. This means that human operators have problems to satisfy their information demand with supplied information during task performance. While thoroughly checking user interface designs for information gaps is a standard in professional system design it is a time consuming and error prone process. In this paper we introduce an information gap model, which allows investigation of inconsistencies between information supply and demand. We present a method to detect information gaps and assess the fitness between information supply and demand. The method can be executed semi-automatically. We show the method’s implementation into an integrated system modelling environment and demonstrate the application with an autopilot component in a course change task on a ship bridge. We performed an expert evaluation with maritime system engineers and a human factors ergonomist to estimate the applicability, benefits and shortcomings of the method. Overall, the evaluation results are promising and warrant further research of the method.

To Beep or Not to Beep: Developing a Non-Fail-Safe Warning System in a Fail-Safe Train Protection Environment

Previous studies have discovered that the tacit but indispensable “ship sense” from seafarers is intensively involved in creating and maintaining “harmony” to assure the safety. The concept of “harmony” reveals the continuous balanced effect by tuning the ship to the dynamic environment under different situations that ship handlers strive for. While the notions of ship sense and harmony is originally created for onboard ship maneuvering, this paper extends it to the domain of shore-based control centers for unmanned ship handling from the perspective of human factors. With the loss of direct ship-sense, the harmony is also lost. This paper analyzes the challenges from having the operator onboard to onshore during ship maneuvering and explores the changing aspects of human factors we need to focus on, in order to facilitate shore-based ship-handlers to regain the harmony. The EU project Maritime Unmanned Ship though Intelligence in Networks (MUNIN) provides the context to conduct the focus group interview of participants with seagoing experience. The shifted human factors in shore-based unmanned ship handling are discussed. The results highlight several differential aspects in human factors that should be considered, such as situation awareness. It provides keys to design shore-based control center for remote monitoring and control in accordance with user-centered design principles.