Andrés Moreira-Muñoz

The First Millennium-Age Araucaria Araucana in Patagonia

ISABELLA AGUILERA-BETTI1*, ARIEL A. MUÑOZ1, DANIEL STAHLE2, GINO FIGUEROA1,3, FERNANDO DUARTE1, ÁLVARO GONZÁLEZ-REYES4,5, DUNCAN CHRISTIE6, ANTONIO LARA6, MAURO E. GONZÁLEZ6, PAUL R. SHEPPARD7, DAVID SAUCHYN8, ANDRÉS MOREIRA-MUÑOZ9, ISADORA TOLEDO-GUERRERO1, MATÍAS OLEA1, PABLO APAZ1,10, and ALFONSO FERNANDEZ11 1Laboratorio de Dendrocronología y Estudios Ambientales, Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile

New circumscription of the genus Gamochaeta (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) inferred from nuclear and plastid DNA sequences

Gamochaeta (tribe Gnaphalieae, Asteraceae) is composed of ca. 60 species primarily distributed in tropical and subtropical America. Within the tribe Gnaphalieae, the genus is characterized by capitula arranged in spikes or head-like clusters, few hermaphroditic central florets, truncate style branches with apical sweeping trichomes, pappus bristles connate at the base into a ring falling as a unit, and achenes with globose twin trichomes. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies have suggested the paraphyly of the genus, but have not provided a basis for redefining generic limits due to incomplete taxon sampling. To address this problem, DNA sequences from the plastid (trnL-F) and nuclear (ETS and ITS) genomes were analyzed from a broad taxon sample representing the full range of morphological variation known in the genus. Our results affirm that Gamochaeta is paraphyletic as presently circumscribed. Two clades can be recognized: one clade that includes the majority of the species currently assigned to Gamochaeta and a second clade that includes Gamochaetopsis, Stuckertiella and seven species of Gamochaeta. We present here a new circumscription of Gamochaeta, including two new combinations, Gamochaeta alpina and Gamochaeta peregrina, and the resurrection of Gamochaeta capitata. Our results also show Omalotheca supina, O. norvegica and O. sylvatica, which were placed by some authors in Gamochaeta or in Gnaphalium, form a monophyletic group distantly related to both genera.

Phylogenetic relationships and generic reassessment of Proustia and allies (Compositae: Nassauvieae)

Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecnologica (Secretaria de Ciencia y Tecnica) PICT 2012-01683 Comision Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, CONICET (PIP) 0446 Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina I+D N/687 N/814 Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS) of the Freie Universitat Berlin Nees-Institut fur Biodiversitat der Pflanzen (Universitat Bonn) Fondecyt 1150425 DFG-SFB 1211 SYNTHESYS project - Structuring the European Research Area GB-TAF-4514 European Community Research Infrastructure Action FR-TAF-1977 SE-TAF-4797

First record of Ehrharta longiflora Sm. (Poaceae, Ehrharteae) for South America

Ehrharta longiflora Sm. (Poaceae) is recorded for the first time in South America. A few naturalized populations were located in disturbed areas of Valparaíso (Central Chile). A brief taxonomic discussion, images, and a location map of the new record of this African grass are provided here.

Phylogeny and evolution of achenial trichomes in the Lucilia-group (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) and their systematic significance

Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences (DCPS) Fondecyt-Chile 1150425 SYNTHESYS project European Community AC-TAF-2001 FR-TAF-1977 National Geographic Society National Science Foundation DEB-BSI-0071506

Chaetanthera peruviana (Asteraceae, Mutisieae), nuevo registro para la Flora de Chile

Chaetanthera peruviana , a species considered hitherto endemic to Peru, was collected in northern Chile (region of Arica-Parinacota) for the first time. Detailed pictures of the two species occurring in that area, C. peruviana and C. perpusilla , are provided, as well as a key to distinguish both species and a map with the location of the new record.

Polycarpon moreiranum , nueva especie de Caryophyllaceae endémica de Chile

During a scientific prospection to the Guatulame site in the Coquimbo Region, we have found a new species of Polycarpon, here described. This new species is, together with P. coquimbense Gereau y Martic., the second Chilean endemic species of the genus, with a known distribution also restricted to the Andes of Coquimbo Region.

Carduus tenuiflorus Curtis (Asteraceae), nuevo registro para la flora alóctona de Chile

Carduus tenuiflorus Curtis is described as a new alien plant species for Chile, whose introduction into the country is proposed around the year 1928. An identification key for species of the genus Carduus L. present in Chile is added. El género Carduus L. pertenece a la familia con mayor riqueza de plantas vasculares de Chile (Zuloaga et al. 2008, Moreira-Muñoz et al. 2012) y el mundo, Asteraceae, con unos 1.033 géneros y 24.000-30.000 especies (Funk et al. 2009). Este género comprende aproximadamente 90 especies nativas de Eurasia, y norte y este de África, muchas de las cuales han sido introducidas en América y Australia (Bremer 1994, Kadereit & Jeffrey 2007). En Chile han sido citadas tres especies alóctonas: Carduus nutans L., Carduus pycnocephalus L. y Carduus thoermeri Weinm. (Matthei 1995, Zuloaga et al. 2008, Fuentes et al. 2013, Ray et al. 2014). Carduus tenuiflorus Curtis es una especie originaria de Europa y norte de África e introducida en distintas partes del mundo (Parsons & Cuthbertson 1992), de hábitat ruderal, preferentemente nitrófila y de gran similitud con C. pycnocephalus, con la cual es confundida ocasionalmente (Devesa & Talavera 1981). Aunque C. tenuiflorus y C. pycnocephalus son especies bastante próximas, se consideran independientes y válidas (Kazmi 1964), sin embargo, su determinación resulta dificultosa debido su afinidad morfológica y la superposición de sus áreas de distribución. En 2015, en el marco de estudios florísticos realizados en diversas localidades de la región de Valparaíso, se detectaron dos poblaciones de C. tenuiflorus, una especie no registrada para Chile. Por otro lado, se examinaron especímenes depositados en los herbarios CONC, SGO y UCVA, con el fin de determinar la posible fecha de introducción de la especie en Chile. DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA ESPECIE Carduus tenuiflorus Curtis, Fl. Londin. 6(61): tab. 55. 1789. Sinónimos: Carduus pycnocephalus L. var. tenuiflorus (Curtis) Ball, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 521. 1878. Carduus pycnocephalus L. var. tenuiflorus (Curtis) Fiori & Bég., comb. superfl., Fl. Ital. 3: 360. 1904. Planta anual o bienal de hasta 150 cm de altura. Tallos erectos, simples o ramificados en la mitad superior, con alas dentado-espinosas más o menos anchas y no interrumpidas en toda su longitud. Hojas sésiles, láminas pinnatífidas o pinnatipartidas, las inferiores con 4-6 pares de lóbulos palmeado-espinosos, base decurrente, margen con indumento lanoso, laxo en el haz y más denso en el envés. Capítulos sésiles o subsésiles, en grupos de (2-)3-10(-12) en el extremo de las ramitas. Involucro de 15-18 mm de alto, cilíndrico-acampanado; filarios oblongo-lanceolados, acuminados, los medianos e internos con margen escarioso, glabros o algo lanuginosos en el dorso. Flores con corola tubulosa, purpúrea, 5-secta, con tubo de 4-6 mm de largo y limbo de 6-9 mm. Aquenios elipsoides, de 3,5-4,5 mm de largo, levemente comprimidos, glabros, lustrosos, con rayas obscuras longitudinales. Papus caedizo, de 12-15 mm de largo, con pelos escábridos, soldados en la base (Fig. 1). HÁBITAT Y ECOLOGÍA En la región de Valparaíso, C. tenuiflorus fue registrado en dos localidades: Parque Natural Gómez Carreño, ubicado al costado norte de la ciudad de Viña del Mar y cerros colindantes al sector de Los Pinos, Quilpué. ISSN 0016-5301 Gayana Bot. 73(2): 453-456, 2016. Comunicación breve

Senecio guatulamensis, nueva especie de Asteraceae endémica de Chile

A new species of Senecio is described, on the basis of recent prospections in the Andes of Limari valley, Coquimbo Region. The new species pertains to the Senecio section, series Andina. Differences with allied taxa are discussed.

Pseudognaphalium munoziae (Gnaphalieae, Asteraceae): A new South American species from Chile

Pseudognaphalium is a large genus with about 90 species distributed worldwide, but with most species in America, and some in Asia, and Africa. A new species, P. munoziae , from the north of Chile (Parinacota and Iquique provinces), is described and illustrated. Pseudognaphalium munoziae is similar to P. glandulosum but it is principally distinguished by its rosulate basal leaves which are longer than the upper, all of which are apically acute to subobtuse. A key to the species of dwarf Pseudognaphalium occurring in Chile is provided along with a map of their distribution.