Andrew Jordan

Understanding the Paradoxes of Multilevel Governing: Climate Change Policy in the European Union

The European Union (EU) has sought to lead the world in the adoption of ambitious climate change mitigation targets and policies. In an attempt to characterize and broadly explain the resulting pattern of EU climate governance, scholars have employed the term “multi-level reinforcement.” This term does help to account for the paradoxical situation whereby the EU seeks to lead by example but is itself a relatively leaderless system of governance. Drawing on a much fuller empirical account of the evolution of EU climate governance, this article finds that the term captures some but not all aspects of the EUs approach. It identifies four other paradoxical features of the EUs approach and assesses the extent to which they exhibit “multi-level reinforcement.” It concludes by looking forward and examining the extent to which all five features are expected to enable and/or constrain the EUs ability to maintain a leading position in climate governance.

Climate Change Policy in the European Union: The evolving governance context: the European Union

Foreword Preface List of contributors List of abbreviations Part I. Introduction and Overview: 1. Climate change policy in the European Union: an introduction Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema and Harro van Asselt Part II. The Evolving Governance Context: The European Union: 2. Governing the European Union: policy choices and governance dilemmas Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema, Tim Rayner and Harro van Asselt 3. The evolution of climate policy in the European Union: an historical overview Andrew Jordan and Tim Rayner Part III. Climate Policy in the European Union: Understanding the Past: 4. Burden sharing: distributing burdens or sharing efforts? Constanze Haug and Andrew Jordan 5. Renewable energies: a continuing balancing act? Roger Hildingsson, Johannes Stripple and Andrew Jordan 6. Emissions trading: the enthusiastic adoption of an alien instrument? Harro van Asselt 7. Adapting to a changing climate: an emerging European Union policy? Tim Rayner and Andrew Jordan 8. Adaptation in the water sector: will mainstreaming be sufficient? Eric Massey, Dave Huitema, Andrew Jordan and Tim Rayner 9. The evolution of climate change policy in the European Union: a synthesis Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema, Harro van Asselt and Tim Rayner Part IV. Climate Policy in the European Union: Future Challenges: 10. Exploring the future: the role of scenarios and policy exercises Frans Berkhout, Constanze Haug, Roger Hildingsson, Johannes Stripple and Andrew Jordan 11. Governance choices and dilemmas in a warmer Europe: what does the future hold for the European Union? Johannes Stripple, Tim Rayner, Roger Hildingsson, Andrew Jordan and Constanze Haug Part V. Climate Policy in the European Union: Retrospect and Prospect: 12. Governing climate change in the European Union: understanding the past and preparing for the future Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema, Harro van Asselt, Tim Rayner and Frans Berkhout Index.

Climate Change Policy in the European Union: Climate policy in the European Union: retrospect and prospect

Foreword Preface List of contributors List of abbreviations Part I. Introduction and Overview: 1. Climate change policy in the European Union: an introduction Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema and Harro van Asselt Part II. The Evolving Governance Context: The European Union: 2. Governing the European Union: policy choices and governance dilemmas Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema, Tim Rayner and Harro van Asselt 3. The evolution of climate policy in the European Union: an historical overview Andrew Jordan and Tim Rayner Part III. Climate Policy in the European Union: Understanding the Past: 4. Burden sharing: distributing burdens or sharing efforts? Constanze Haug and Andrew Jordan 5. Renewable energies: a continuing balancing act? Roger Hildingsson, Johannes Stripple and Andrew Jordan 6. Emissions trading: the enthusiastic adoption of an alien instrument? Harro van Asselt 7. Adapting to a changing climate: an emerging European Union policy? Tim Rayner and Andrew Jordan 8. Adaptation in the water sector: will mainstreaming be sufficient? Eric Massey, Dave Huitema, Andrew Jordan and Tim Rayner 9. The evolution of climate change policy in the European Union: a synthesis Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema, Harro van Asselt and Tim Rayner Part IV. Climate Policy in the European Union: Future Challenges: 10. Exploring the future: the role of scenarios and policy exercises Frans Berkhout, Constanze Haug, Roger Hildingsson, Johannes Stripple and Andrew Jordan 11. Governance choices and dilemmas in a warmer Europe: what does the future hold for the European Union? Johannes Stripple, Tim Rayner, Roger Hildingsson, Andrew Jordan and Constanze Haug Part V. Climate Policy in the European Union: Retrospect and Prospect: 12. Governing climate change in the European Union: understanding the past and preparing for the future Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema, Harro van Asselt, Tim Rayner and Frans Berkhout Index.

Climate Change Policy in the European Union: Frontmatter

Foreword Preface List of contributors List of abbreviations Part I. Introduction and Overview: 1. Climate change policy in the European Union: an introduction Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema and Harro van Asselt Part II. The Evolving Governance Context: The European Union: 2. Governing the European Union: policy choices and governance dilemmas Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema, Tim Rayner and Harro van Asselt 3. The evolution of climate policy in the European Union: an historical overview Andrew Jordan and Tim Rayner Part III. Climate Policy in the European Union: Understanding the Past: 4. Burden sharing: distributing burdens or sharing efforts? Constanze Haug and Andrew Jordan 5. Renewable energies: a continuing balancing act? Roger Hildingsson, Johannes Stripple and Andrew Jordan 6. Emissions trading: the enthusiastic adoption of an alien instrument? Harro van Asselt 7. Adapting to a changing climate: an emerging European Union policy? Tim Rayner and Andrew Jordan 8. Adaptation in the water sector: will mainstreaming be sufficient? Eric Massey, Dave Huitema, Andrew Jordan and Tim Rayner 9. The evolution of climate change policy in the European Union: a synthesis Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema, Harro van Asselt and Tim Rayner Part IV. Climate Policy in the European Union: Future Challenges: 10. Exploring the future: the role of scenarios and policy exercises Frans Berkhout, Constanze Haug, Roger Hildingsson, Johannes Stripple and Andrew Jordan 11. Governance choices and dilemmas in a warmer Europe: what does the future hold for the European Union? Johannes Stripple, Tim Rayner, Roger Hildingsson, Andrew Jordan and Constanze Haug Part V. Climate Policy in the European Union: Retrospect and Prospect: 12. Governing climate change in the European Union: understanding the past and preparing for the future Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema, Harro van Asselt, Tim Rayner and Frans Berkhout Index.

Climate Change Policy in the European Union: Introduction and overview

Foreword Preface List of contributors List of abbreviations Part I. Introduction and Overview: 1. Climate change policy in the European Union: an introduction Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema and Harro van Asselt Part II. The Evolving Governance Context: The European Union: 2. Governing the European Union: policy choices and governance dilemmas Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema, Tim Rayner and Harro van Asselt 3. The evolution of climate policy in the European Union: an historical overview Andrew Jordan and Tim Rayner Part III. Climate Policy in the European Union: Understanding the Past: 4. Burden sharing: distributing burdens or sharing efforts? Constanze Haug and Andrew Jordan 5. Renewable energies: a continuing balancing act? Roger Hildingsson, Johannes Stripple and Andrew Jordan 6. Emissions trading: the enthusiastic adoption of an alien instrument? Harro van Asselt 7. Adapting to a changing climate: an emerging European Union policy? Tim Rayner and Andrew Jordan 8. Adaptation in the water sector: will mainstreaming be sufficient? Eric Massey, Dave Huitema, Andrew Jordan and Tim Rayner 9. The evolution of climate change policy in the European Union: a synthesis Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema, Harro van Asselt and Tim Rayner Part IV. Climate Policy in the European Union: Future Challenges: 10. Exploring the future: the role of scenarios and policy exercises Frans Berkhout, Constanze Haug, Roger Hildingsson, Johannes Stripple and Andrew Jordan 11. Governance choices and dilemmas in a warmer Europe: what does the future hold for the European Union? Johannes Stripple, Tim Rayner, Roger Hildingsson, Andrew Jordan and Constanze Haug Part V. Climate Policy in the European Union: Retrospect and Prospect: 12. Governing climate change in the European Union: understanding the past and preparing for the future Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema, Harro van Asselt, Tim Rayner and Frans Berkhout Index.

Climate Change Policy in the European Union: List of abbreviations

Foreword Preface List of contributors List of abbreviations Part I. Introduction and Overview: 1. Climate change policy in the European Union: an introduction Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema and Harro van Asselt Part II. The Evolving Governance Context: The European Union: 2. Governing the European Union: policy choices and governance dilemmas Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema, Tim Rayner and Harro van Asselt 3. The evolution of climate policy in the European Union: an historical overview Andrew Jordan and Tim Rayner Part III. Climate Policy in the European Union: Understanding the Past: 4. Burden sharing: distributing burdens or sharing efforts? Constanze Haug and Andrew Jordan 5. Renewable energies: a continuing balancing act? Roger Hildingsson, Johannes Stripple and Andrew Jordan 6. Emissions trading: the enthusiastic adoption of an alien instrument? Harro van Asselt 7. Adapting to a changing climate: an emerging European Union policy? Tim Rayner and Andrew Jordan 8. Adaptation in the water sector: will mainstreaming be sufficient? Eric Massey, Dave Huitema, Andrew Jordan and Tim Rayner 9. The evolution of climate change policy in the European Union: a synthesis Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema, Harro van Asselt and Tim Rayner Part IV. Climate Policy in the European Union: Future Challenges: 10. Exploring the future: the role of scenarios and policy exercises Frans Berkhout, Constanze Haug, Roger Hildingsson, Johannes Stripple and Andrew Jordan 11. Governance choices and dilemmas in a warmer Europe: what does the future hold for the European Union? Johannes Stripple, Tim Rayner, Roger Hildingsson, Andrew Jordan and Constanze Haug Part V. Climate Policy in the European Union: Retrospect and Prospect: 12. Governing climate change in the European Union: understanding the past and preparing for the future Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema, Harro van Asselt, Tim Rayner and Frans Berkhout Index.

Climate Change Policy in the European Union: Climate policy in the European Union: understanding the past

Foreword Preface List of contributors List of abbreviations Part I. Introduction and Overview: 1. Climate change policy in the European Union: an introduction Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema and Harro van Asselt Part II. The Evolving Governance Context: The European Union: 2. Governing the European Union: policy choices and governance dilemmas Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema, Tim Rayner and Harro van Asselt 3. The evolution of climate policy in the European Union: an historical overview Andrew Jordan and Tim Rayner Part III. Climate Policy in the European Union: Understanding the Past: 4. Burden sharing: distributing burdens or sharing efforts? Constanze Haug and Andrew Jordan 5. Renewable energies: a continuing balancing act? Roger Hildingsson, Johannes Stripple and Andrew Jordan 6. Emissions trading: the enthusiastic adoption of an alien instrument? Harro van Asselt 7. Adapting to a changing climate: an emerging European Union policy? Tim Rayner and Andrew Jordan 8. Adaptation in the water sector: will mainstreaming be sufficient? Eric Massey, Dave Huitema, Andrew Jordan and Tim Rayner 9. The evolution of climate change policy in the European Union: a synthesis Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema, Harro van Asselt and Tim Rayner Part IV. Climate Policy in the European Union: Future Challenges: 10. Exploring the future: the role of scenarios and policy exercises Frans Berkhout, Constanze Haug, Roger Hildingsson, Johannes Stripple and Andrew Jordan 11. Governance choices and dilemmas in a warmer Europe: what does the future hold for the European Union? Johannes Stripple, Tim Rayner, Roger Hildingsson, Andrew Jordan and Constanze Haug Part V. Climate Policy in the European Union: Retrospect and Prospect: 12. Governing climate change in the European Union: understanding the past and preparing for the future Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema, Harro van Asselt, Tim Rayner and Frans Berkhout Index.

Climate Change Policy in the European Union: Index

Foreword Preface List of contributors List of abbreviations Part I. Introduction and Overview: 1. Climate change policy in the European Union: an introduction Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema and Harro van Asselt Part II. The Evolving Governance Context: The European Union: 2. Governing the European Union: policy choices and governance dilemmas Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema, Tim Rayner and Harro van Asselt 3. The evolution of climate policy in the European Union: an historical overview Andrew Jordan and Tim Rayner Part III. Climate Policy in the European Union: Understanding the Past: 4. Burden sharing: distributing burdens or sharing efforts? Constanze Haug and Andrew Jordan 5. Renewable energies: a continuing balancing act? Roger Hildingsson, Johannes Stripple and Andrew Jordan 6. Emissions trading: the enthusiastic adoption of an alien instrument? Harro van Asselt 7. Adapting to a changing climate: an emerging European Union policy? Tim Rayner and Andrew Jordan 8. Adaptation in the water sector: will mainstreaming be sufficient? Eric Massey, Dave Huitema, Andrew Jordan and Tim Rayner 9. The evolution of climate change policy in the European Union: a synthesis Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema, Harro van Asselt and Tim Rayner Part IV. Climate Policy in the European Union: Future Challenges: 10. Exploring the future: the role of scenarios and policy exercises Frans Berkhout, Constanze Haug, Roger Hildingsson, Johannes Stripple and Andrew Jordan 11. Governance choices and dilemmas in a warmer Europe: what does the future hold for the European Union? Johannes Stripple, Tim Rayner, Roger Hildingsson, Andrew Jordan and Constanze Haug Part V. Climate Policy in the European Union: Retrospect and Prospect: 12. Governing climate change in the European Union: understanding the past and preparing for the future Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema, Harro van Asselt, Tim Rayner and Frans Berkhout Index.

Climate Change Policy in the European Union: Climate policy in the European Union: future challenges

Foreword Preface List of contributors List of abbreviations Part I. Introduction and Overview: 1. Climate change policy in the European Union: an introduction Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema and Harro van Asselt Part II. The Evolving Governance Context: The European Union: 2. Governing the European Union: policy choices and governance dilemmas Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema, Tim Rayner and Harro van Asselt 3. The evolution of climate policy in the European Union: an historical overview Andrew Jordan and Tim Rayner Part III. Climate Policy in the European Union: Understanding the Past: 4. Burden sharing: distributing burdens or sharing efforts? Constanze Haug and Andrew Jordan 5. Renewable energies: a continuing balancing act? Roger Hildingsson, Johannes Stripple and Andrew Jordan 6. Emissions trading: the enthusiastic adoption of an alien instrument? Harro van Asselt 7. Adapting to a changing climate: an emerging European Union policy? Tim Rayner and Andrew Jordan 8. Adaptation in the water sector: will mainstreaming be sufficient? Eric Massey, Dave Huitema, Andrew Jordan and Tim Rayner 9. The evolution of climate change policy in the European Union: a synthesis Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema, Harro van Asselt and Tim Rayner Part IV. Climate Policy in the European Union: Future Challenges: 10. Exploring the future: the role of scenarios and policy exercises Frans Berkhout, Constanze Haug, Roger Hildingsson, Johannes Stripple and Andrew Jordan 11. Governance choices and dilemmas in a warmer Europe: what does the future hold for the European Union? Johannes Stripple, Tim Rayner, Roger Hildingsson, Andrew Jordan and Constanze Haug Part V. Climate Policy in the European Union: Retrospect and Prospect: 12. Governing climate change in the European Union: understanding the past and preparing for the future Andrew Jordan, Dave Huitema, Harro van Asselt, Tim Rayner and Frans Berkhout Index.