Andrey G. Kashin

Comparative investigation of phospholipids and fatty acids of freshwater molluscs from the Volga River basin

1. Four Gastropoda species and two Bivalvia species from the Volga river basin were examined. 2. Distribution of phospholipids in the molluscs was studied by qualitative and quantitative micro thin-layer chromatography. 3. Major phospholipid classes, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine, were found to contain plasmalogens. 4. One mollusc species notably contained 67 fatty acids including 25 saturated (both iso and anteiso), 24 monoenoic, five dienoic, four trienoic and eight polyenoic compounds identified by capillary gas chromatography; fatty acid contents in the other studied species were considerably lower. 5. Relatively high concentrations of nonmethylene-interrupted fatty acids were detected in certain examined species.

Comparative study of the endemic freshwater fauna of Lake Baikal—VI. Unusual fatty acid and lipid composition of the endemic sponge Lubomirskia baicalensis and its amphipod crustacean parasite Brandtia (Spinacanthus) parasitica

Abstract Lipids and phospholipids (both plasmalogen and alkyl forms) of the freshwater sponge Lubomirskia baicalensis and the sponges gammarid parasite Brandtia (Spinacanthus) parasitica were examined. Composition of alkenyl-acyl (plasmalogen), alkylacyl and diacyl forms of major phospholipid classes, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine were determined. One hundred and eighty-three fatty acids were identified by GC-MS: 46 saturated, 55 monoenoic, 35 dienoic, 25 trienoic and 22 tetra-, penta- and hexaenoic. The freshwater sponges, belonging to the family Lubomirskiidae, were shown to contain unusual long-chain fatty acids: anteiso-5, 9–28:2, branched-5, 9–29:2, 5,9,23–29:3, 5,9,23–30:3, 15,18,21,24–30:4 and 15,18,21,24,27–30:5. Some from these fatty acids were found in lipids of the amphipod parasite.

Fatty acid and phospholipid composition of freshwater molluscs Anadonta piscinalis and Limnaea fragilis from the river volga

Abstract 1. 1. The composition of fatty acids from two fresh water molluscs, Bivalvia Anadonta piscinalis and Gastropoda Limnaea fragilis from the Volga river was investigated by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 2. 2. Ninety-five fatty acids were identified: 23 saturated (both iso- and anteiso-), 28 monoenoic, 14 dienoic, and 30 polyenoic. The composition of fatty acids in phospho-, glyco- and neutral fractions was studied. 3. 3. A number of unusual fatty acids, such as 19:4, 18:5(n-3), 24:4(n-6), 24:5(n-6), 24:6(n-3), and furanoid acids, were founded. 4. 4. Phospholipid compositions, plasmalogen included, were examined.

Comparative study of the endemic freshwater fauna of Lake Baikal—II. Unusual lipid composition of two sponge species Baicalospongia bacillifera and Baicalospongia intermedia (family lubomirskiidae, class demospongiae)

Abstract 1. 1. Lipid and phospholipid compositions of endemic freshwater sponges, belonging to the Family Lubomirskiidae, Class Demospongiae Baicalospongia bacillifera and Baicalospongia intermedia were studied. 2. 2. The fatty acids of total lipids, neutral, glyco- and phospholipid fractions were investigated by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 3. 3. One hundred and eighty-five fatty acids were identified: 46 saturated (both iso-, anteiso-, branched, cyclic), 55 monoenoic, 37 dienoic, 25 trienoic and 22 polyenoic. 4. 4. A number of unusual fatty acids, such as br 7 -12–17:1, br 9 -6–17:1, c-19–26:0, and very-long-chain polyunsaturated 6,9,12,15,18,21–24:6, 15,18,21,24–30:4, and 15,18,21,24–30:5 acids, were found.

Lipid composition of freshwater macrophytes from the volga river estuary

Abstract Seven freshwater macrophytes belonging to the Chlorophyta, collected in the Volga river estuary, were examined for their lipid compositions. Total lipid content varied from 40 to 240 mg g 1 dry wt; the main phospholipid classes were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglýcerol and phosphatidylinositol.

Comparative study of the endemic freshwater fauna of Lake Baikal. IV: Phospholipid and fatty acid compositions of two gastropod molluscs of the genus Valvata

Abstract Lipid and phospholipid compositions of endemic freshwater molluscs, belonging to the class Gastropoda Valvata baicalensis and Valvata piligera were investigated. Distribution of phospholipids was studied by qualitative and quantitative micro-thin-layer chromatography. Only major phospholipid classes, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine, were found to contain plasmalogen forms. The fatty acids composition of total lipids, neutral, glyco- and phospholipid fraction was investigated by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Ninety-five fatty acids were identified: 23 saturated (both iso - and anteiso -), 28 monoenoic, 14 dienoic and 30 polyenoic. Among polyenoic acids were identified a high percentage of tree main acids 18:3n-3, 18:3n-6 and 20:4n-6 in phospholipid and glycolipid fractions; among saturated acids were found a high percentage of iso -(3.56–4.25%) and anteiso -(2.02 and 2.75%) acids in neutral fractions. A number of unusual polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as 18:5n-3, 24:4n-6, 24:5n-6, 24:6n-3 and furanoid acids, were found.

Comparative study of the endemic freshwater fauna of Lake Baikal—V. Phospholipid and fatty acid composition of the deep-water amphipod crustacean Acanthogammarus (Brachyuropus) grewingkii

Lipid and phospholipid compositions of an endemic deep-water freshwater gammarid, belonging to the subphylum Crustacea, Acanthogammarus grewingkii was studied. Content of alkenylacyl, alkylacyl and diacyl forms in the main phospholipid classes (phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatydilcholine) were established using reaction micro-thin-layer chromatography. The fatty acids compositions of total lipids, neutral, glyco- and phospholipid fractions were investigated by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Seventy-nine fatty acids were identified: 26 saturated (iso-, anteiso- and cyclo-), 26 monoenoic, 7 dienoic, 14 trienoic and 16 tetra-, penta- and hexaenoic. A number of demospongic fatty acids, such as 5,9–25:2, 5,9,19–26:3, 5,9,17–26:3, 5,9,23–28:3 and 5,9,21–28:3 acids, were found.

Comparative examination of phospholipids and fatty acids from some caspian invertebrates

Abstract 1. 1. Phospholipid compositions, plasmalogen included, of three invertebrate species—crabs, Rhithropanopeus harrisii , crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus eichwaldi and Bivalvia, Mytilaster lineatus , were examined. 2. 2. Eighty-six fatty acids, including 23 saturated, 27 monoenoic, 10 dienoic and 26 polyenoic acids, were identified by capillary GC-MS. 3. 3. A number of unusual fatty acids such as 4,8,12-trimethyl-13:0, pristatic, 3- trans -16:1, as well as polyenoic acids 18:5 (n-3), 25:5 (n-6) and 24:6 (n-3), were identified.

Comparative study of the endemic freshwater fauna of Lake Baikal—III. Phospholipid and fatty acid compositions of the amphipod crustacean of the genus Eulimnogammarus

Abstract Lipid and phospholipid, including plasmalogen forms, compositions of three endemic freshwater gammarides, belonging to subphylum Crustacea, genus Eulimnogammaras were studied. The fatty acid composition of total lipids, neutral, glyco- and phospholipid fractions were investigated by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Ninety-four fatty acids were identified: 26 saturated (both iso-, anteiso- and cyclo-), 31 monoenoic, 11 dienoic, and 26 tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexaenoic. A number of unusual polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as c-9-17:0, c-9-19:0, 5,11,14-20:3, 5,11,14,17-20:4, 24:5(n-6) and 24:6(n-3), were found.

Phospholipid and fatty acid compositions of the endemic amphipod crustacean Issycogammarus bergi from the brackish mountain lake Issyk-Kul (Tian Shan, Middle Asia)

Abstract Lipid and phospholipid compositions of endemic gammarids, belonging to the subphylum Crustacea Issycogammarus bergi was studied. The fatty acid composition of total lipids, neutral, glyco- and phospholipid fractions were investigated by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Ninety-four fatty acids were identified: 26 saturated (both iso-, anteiso- and cyclo-), 31 monoenoic, 11 dienoic, and 26 polyenoic (including 10 trienoic, eight tetraenoic, six pentaenoic and two hexaenoic). Among polyenoic fatty acids high percentages of three main acids 18:3n-6, 18:3n-3 and 20:4n-6 in phospholipid and glycolipid fractions were identified; high percentages of 16:3n-6 and 16:4n-1 among total lipids were also identified. A number of unusual polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as c-9-17:0, c-9-19:0, 24:4n-6, 24:5n-6 and 24:6n-3 acids, were found.