Andrey N. Dmitriev

Mathematical Model of Forecasting the Iron Ore Materials and Coke Quality Indicators

The iron ore raw materials and coke quality is the basic reserve of improvement of blast furnace technology. Some of the quality indicators of iron ore raw materials and coke and their influence on the main parameters of the blast furnace smelting are considered in this paper.

Monitoring the wear of the refractory lining in the blast-furnace hearth

The Razgar Gorna computer program is developed for calculating two-dimensional temperature fields in any vertical and horizontal cross section of the blast-furnace hearth. In the calculations, the heat-conduction equations are solved by means of readings from many temperature sensors (up to 1000, depending on the volume) installed within the furnace lining between the refractory modules. Continuous temperature monitoring at each point permits the determination of the remaining lining thickness and prediction of the onset of lining wear, as necessary. A mathematical model is employed in continuous temperature monitoring of the lining. The database of the Razgar Gorna program relies on the collection, analysis, and transmission of information from the temperature or heat-flux sensors. The program is in use at blast furnaces in Chinese steelworks at Jinan (two furnaces), Jiyuan, and Liuzhou.

The Role of Reducibility in Achievement of the Minimal Coke Consumption in the Blast Furnace Smelting

The limit of perfection of a blast-furnace smelting, including in its concept a minimal theoretically possible coke consumption, is determined by a thermodynamic equilibrium of oxidation-reduction reactions in separate zones of a furnace. It is possible to determine minimum coke consumption, for example, with the use of the mathematical model suggested by us. The following prerequisites underlie the mathematical model. Heat exchange in a blast furnace was completed, i.e. there is a small thermal gradient between gas and charge on a certain height. In a certain zone of the furnace at a reduction stage of magnetite the reaction of wustite reduction tends to a thermodynamic equilibrium. In this zone so-called zonal reduction realizes when the processes of reduction of various iron oxides combine in time. The significant role belongs here to diffusion of gas in pores of iron ore material. The solution of equations set for the bottom zone presented by a condition of a thermodynamic equilibrium, namely, the equilibrium constant of wustite reduction by carbon oxide, material and thermal balances, supplemented by the equation of the heat balance for the top zone, allows calculating the main indices of blast furnace smelting. Indices thus calculated are extremely accessible (minimum) at the given parameters of charge and blast. In the paper quantitative values of the coke consumption were presented at stage and zonal reduction of iron oxides.

The Characteristic of Ores and Concentrates of the Open Society "EVRAZ KGOK"

The results of preliminary experimental researches of possibility of metallurgical processing of ores of Actually Kachkanarsky deposit are presented in the work.

The Coke and Iron Ore Materials Kinetic Characteristics and Quantitative Indicators of Blast Furnace Process

The most important problem at the blast furnace process developing is the great coke consumption decreasing at the minimization of the general energy costs. One of the most effective ways of iron-making technical progress is the iron ore materials and coke physicochemical properties improvement which allows to increase the iron productivity and decrease the specific coke rate without construction of new blast furnaces and concentrating mills. Some of the quality indicators of iron ore raw materials and coke and their influence on the main parameters of a blast furnace smelting are considered in the paper.

Methodical Basis of Investigation of Influence of the Iron Ore Materials and Coke Metallurgical Characteristics on the Blast Furnace Smelting Efficiency

A new method of the estimation of influence of the iron ore materials and coke metallurgical properties on the efficiency of blast furnace smelting is developed. It consists in the following stages: the laboratory tests with the definition of the iron ore materials and coke metallurgical properties; the analytical study of the influence of these characteristics on the efficiency of blast furnace smelting using by mathematical models; the experimental industrial and industrial tests. The developed methodological basis allows to obtain improved criteria for evaluating the metallurgical characteristics of the raw materials and to explain the mechanism of their effect on the reaction of the direct and indirect recovery in the blast furnace. Therefore it allows to formulate recommendations to improve the blast furnace smelting technology.

The Reduction Processes of the Titanium Containing Iron Ores Treatment

The questions of metallurgical processing of titanium-containing ores are considered. The ores and concentrates of the Kachkanarsky deposit of low-titanous and high-titanous are studied. The reducibility, durability, temperatures of a softening and melting of metallurgical iron ore raw materials are studied in vitro. Via X-ray the structural analysis are carried out. The calculations by means of mathematical models of pyrometallurgical processes are executed. Possibility of the processing of these ores according to schemes is shown: «blast furnace melting − converter melting» and «metallization – electric melting».

New Monitoring System of the Refractory Lining Wear in the Blast Furnace Hearth

The monitoring system of the firebrick lining state of the blast furnace devil is offered. The mathematical description, algorithm and program of calculation the temperature fields in any vertical and horizontal cross-section of the devil lining are developed with use of the indications of the temperature sensing transducer (to 1000) in the oven lining. The systems of gathering, processing and information transfer from the temperature transmitters to a program database are used. This monitoring system is established on five blast furnaces of metallurgical plants of China.

Mathemathical Model of Powder Sintering with Nano- and Microadditives

One of the problems of powder metallurgy still remaining is the problem of billets shrinkage at sintering. Introduction of a small impurity coating consisting of a very thin layer of the particles on the basic powder is a known method of compacting at sintering of powder materials. The mathematical modeling of such a process encounters ambiguity some issues of the sintering theory of metal powders, therefore forcedly leans on experiments. A mathematical model of powder metal sintering with nano- and microadditives is presented.

Mathematical Model of Forecasting the Coke Quality Indicators

A mathematical model for the forecasting of the basic metallurgical properties of coke depending on the quality indicators of coals and carbonization parameters is developed. The base of the model are the theoretical and statistical dependences of the physico-chemical and petrographic properties of initial coals on the reactivity and mechanical strength of the coke. These indicators depend on diffusion processes during carbonization. On the basis of initial data, the material and heat balance of the coking process are made and the product price is calculated. The full-function program includes: the initial database interactively formed on the basis of the coals quality certificates and concentrates; the calculating unit of forecasting of the coke properties, allowing to fulfil the mathematical model adapting for the concrete industrial conditions of carbonization process; the unit to calculate results. The calculated values, i.e. the Coke Reactivity Index (CRI) and the Coke Strength after Reaction (CSR) can be used further for technical and economical calculations in the balance logic-statistic model of the blast furnace smelting operation. Or using the feedback, it is possible to calculate necessary relations of the burden components for the carbonization.