Andrzej Junkuszew

Risk factors associated with small ruminant lentivirus infection in eastern Poland sheep flocks.

An analysis of the risk factors for ovine lentivirus infection was performed in sheep flocks located throughout the central-eastern region of Poland. Here, we report the infection details for 98 flocks with a total of 6470 ewes, 15 sheep breeds. The identification of infected animals and a review of the epidemiological status of each flock were based on an evaluation of serological tests performed on collected blood serum samples. Blood for examination was obtained from 2925 ewes of the 98 flocks under observation. Specific antibodies for Maedi Visna Virus (MVV) were detected via ELISA. Data illustrating the conditions at each sheep farm were obtained through questionnaires completed by farmers, as well as observations, measurements, and breeding records that were available. These observations were used to assess risk factors contributing to small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infection in sheep flocks. It was found that both sheep flock size and the type of management system had a significant effect on the increased risk of lentiviral infection. In addition, we demonstrate that there is a significant (p<0.0001) relationship between the occurrence of mastitis (OR 2.01, CI: 1.55-2.61) and diarrhea (OR 4.22, CI: 3.30-5.39) with SRLV infection in the observed sheep. Additionally, the infection rate of the animals translated directly to an impaired physical condition. Notably, the risk of infection could potentially be reduced if sheep producers are further acquainted with SRLV detection and invoke a control program based on diagnostic tests. Moreover, marketing approval should be granted for solely SRLV-seronegative animals.

Effect of dietary supplementation with preparation comprising the blend of essential oil from Origanum vulgare (lamiaceae) and Citrus spp. (citraceae) on coccidia invasion and lamb growth

Abstract The objective of this research was to assess the effectiveness of dietary supplementation with oils extracted from Origanum vulgare (Lamiaceae) and Citrus spp. (Citraceae) against coccidia and to determine the impact on lamb growth in an indoor housing system. A total of 222 ewes and 276 lambs of the Polish Lowland Sheep breed maintained indoors under the same environmental conditions were included in the study. Four-month pregnant ewes were divided into three treatment groups following parasitological evaluation. Experimental diets were supplemented with containing vegetal extracts of O. vulgare and Citrus spp. During the study, parasitological analyses and assessments of lamb growth were conducted. In vivo evaluation of lamb muscularity and fatness was performed at 100 days of age. The inclusion of the preparation containing the essential oil blend of O. vulgare and Citrus spp. in the diet of sheep resulted in decreases in both the intensity and prevalence of coccidian infection within the flock as well had influence increases in lamb growth. Therefore, this dietary supplement may contribute to the improved profitability of sheep farming through increased production efficiency and the production of higher-quality meat.

21. Effect of Vacuum Ageing on Instrumental and Sensory Textural Properties of Meat from Uhruska Lambs

Abstract The objective of the present research was to assess the instrumental and sensory textural attributes of lamb meat depending on the cold storage ageing under vacuum. The research material included two skeletal muscles, i.e. semimembranosus (SM) and rectus femoris (RF) from carcasses of Uhruska lambs. The age of animals ranged from 120 to 135 days. The ageing and muscle influenced significantly shear force and shear energy. However, significantly lower shear force and higher score of tenderness were observed on 7 vs. 2 days of ageing only for SM. The evaluated factors (ageing and muscle) affected slightly and not significantly the parameters of texture profile analysis. The muscle samples after the 7-day ageing showed higher hardness and chewiness. Significant correlation of sensory tenderness with instrumental shear and energy force and springiness was confirmed. The obtained results indicated that vacuum-packed lamb meat during cold storage for 7 days following slaughter develops the sensory attributes, especially tenderness.

Risk factors associated with small-ruminant lentiviruses in sheepfold buildings

INTRODUCTION Small-ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infection is widespread across Europe. It causes substantial economic losses in sheep breeding. The main route of SRLV infection is through the mothers milk, especially colostrum However, infection can also occur via contact between infected and healthy animals. It should be noted that the mechanisms of contact infection are still relatively poorly understood. The virus can also spread through a flock via an aerogenic mechanism. OBJECTIVE Due to the increased risk of SRLV infection in sheep bred in an alcove system, this study sought to define the effect of various selected factors associated with alcove breeding on the frequency of SRLV infection in sheep. MATERIAL AND METHODS Risk factors associated with small-ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infection were analyzed among flocks of sheep in central-eastern Poland. Ninety-eight sheep flocks were selected for detailed investigation and included 6,470 ewes and 15 breeds and lines. Serologic testing of blood samples was used to identify infected animals and evaluate the epidemiologic status of particular flocks. Specific antibodies for Maedi Visna Virus (MVV) were detected via ELISA. Questionnaires were used to gather information concerning risk factors. RESULTS The studys results indicate that factors associated with environmental conditions under which sheep are kept play a significant role in determining the risk of SRLV infection. CONCLUSIONS Special attention should be focused on airborne contamination associated with the technologies used in sheep breeding. Breeding technologies that limit airborne contamination in farm buildings should be employed. In developing programmes to eliminate SLRV in sheep flocks, improvement of zoohygenic conditions should also be considered.

Factors affecting prevalence and abundance of A.perfoliata infections in horses from south-eastern Poland

Equine Anoplocephalosis constitute a significant problem in horses worldwide. The aim of this study was to analyse intrinsic (host age and sex) and extrinsic (management type, pasture type and moisture) factors that influence the prevalence and FEC of A. perfoliata infections. Faecal samples were collected from 994 horses managed in studs or individually between 2012 and 2014. The Sedimentation-flotation method was applied for coproscopic analysis, and faecal egg counts were calculated. The overall prevalence was 25.1% (21.4-29.0) with the highest prevalence (36.1% [28.1-44.8]) found in horses 10-20 years old. The individuals kept in studs showed three times higher A. perfoliata prevalence compared to the ones managed individually. The prevalence significantly differed between pasture types, with individuals kept in studs (37.6% [34.3-40.9]) showing four times higher prevalence than horses kept individually (9.2% [4.8-16.5]). More horses kept on watery (42.0% [36.6-47.6]) and semi-watery (35.9% [31.3-40.7]) pastures were infected than those on dry (6.6% [4.6-9.2]) pastures. The overall A. perfoliata FEC in all examined individual was 2.67 and differed within sex, with mares showing 4.3 - times higher FEC of infection than stallions. Horses bred in studs (3.65±0.289) showed higher FEC than these bred individually (1.28±0.198). There was the effect of pasture type on A. perfoliata FEC, with horses kept on joint pastures (4.06±0.29) showing higher FEC than individuals kept individually (0.88±0.23). Pasture moisture significantly affected A. perfoliata FEC with the highest FECs in horses from watery pastures. Horses bred on dry pastures showed 16 times lower FEC than horses bred on watery pastures. Host age also significantly affected A. perfoliata FEC, with the oldest individuals showing the highest mean FEC. The presented analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic factors may help to overcome A. perfoliata infections in horses in different breeding systems. Understanding the role of management and pasture type risk factors that influence this parasitosis may benefit both breeders and veterinary surgeons.