Andson Braga de Aguiar

Diferenciações entre a contabilidade financeira e a contabilidade gerencial: uma pesquisa empírica a partir de pesquisadores de vários países

This study aims to identifying the main elements that distinguish management accounting from fi nancial accounting in different countries around the world. Evolution shows that, actually, at some time and in some situations, these two accounting branches could be similar and even equal. However, the different demands and perceptions of their users in different countries lead to a distance between them. To understand these differences, a study was carried out in 24 countries, in order to identify what elements can present differentiations between these two branches of accounting. The elements included in this study were defi ned by using a combination among different authors’ approaches. The fi eld research was developed by applying a structured questionnaire, based on a Likert scale, which was answered by specialists. The main distinctive elements of these two accounting branches are: application of standards, analytic focus, reliability level, agents which infl uence or can exert infl uence, frequency of report publication and legal requirements for trained personnel to different extents. These differences strengthen the need for an accounting information system that can equally attend to its two main user groups ‐ internal and external.

EBITDA: POSSÍVEIS IMPACTOS SOBRE O GERENCIAMENTO DAS EMPRESAS

One of the most discussed issues in Brazil recently has been the substitution of the Statement of Origins and Applications of Funds for the Statement of Cash Flow. This substitution is included in the project to change Law no 6.404/76, known as the “Law for Public Companies”. Thus it seems necessary to discuss the Statement of Cash Flow, mainly its disclosure method: direct or indirect. The theory indicates that the Direct Method is simpler to understand than the Indirect Method. However, the Indirect Method is considered to be more informative because it reconciles earnings and cash. This paper analyses the opinions of academics, market analysts and accountants, and with the objective of identifying whether one of the disclosure methods is preferred. The results indicate that there is no specific

Associação entre sistema de incentivos gerenciais e práticas de contabilidade gerencial

The controllability principle posits that managers should be evaluated based on controllable factors. Consequently, managerial incentives might be related to managerial accounting practices able to avoid that managers will be accountable for financial results beyond management control, such as analysis by responsibility center, standard-cost, transfer pricing, budgeting and performance evaluation. This paper develops a field research to investigate whether there is a relation between the presence of managerial incentives and managerial accounting practices associated with the controllability principle. On-site interviews were conducted to collect data at the organizational level and nonparametric statistical tests were used for data analysis. Among the managerial accounting practices examined, the results suggest that only the annual budget, analysis by responsibility center and performance evaluation are associated with the presence of incentive systems in the sampled firms.The controllability principle posits that managers should be evaluated based on controllable factors. Consequently, managerial incentives might be related to managerial accounting practices able to avoid that managers will be accountable for financial results beyond management control, such as analysis by responsibility center, standard-cost, transfer pricing, budgeting and performance evaluation. This paper develops a field research to investigate whether there is a relation between the presence of managerial incentives and managerial accounting practices associated with the controllability principle. On-site interviews were conducted to collect data at the organizational level and nonparametric statistical tests were used for data analysis. Among the managerial accounting practices examined, the results suggest that only the annual budget, analysis by responsibility center and performance evaluation are associated with the presence of incentive systems in the sampled firms.

Strategic responses to institutional pressures, and success in achieving budget targets: A survey at a multinational company

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to provide an integrated model to understand and act on the institutionalization process into a company. Design/methodology/approach - Additional to the conceptual development, survey method was applied in a single entity, through a structured questionnaire covering the management group of a multinational company. Findings - High potential to explain why some non-institutionalized cases happen and the importance to treat the strategic responses. Research limitations/implications - Model was applied only in one single entity. Futures researches may treat it in a more representative sample. Practical implications - The active approach required by the entity to involve and reinforce the institutionalization process. Originality/value - Integration of Tolbert and Zuckers approach with Olivers and practical perspective of usage.

PROCESSOS DE PERSISTÊNCIA E MUDANÇA DE SISTEMAS DE CONTABILIDADE GERENCIAL: UMA ANÁLISE SOB O PARADIGMA INSTITUCIONAL

The main intention of this communication is to show that throughout the history of Humanity the disciplines of Accounting and Mathematics have had an intimate connection and a parallel development, one next to the other. Today, as well as in the past, the mathematical models are necessary and we would even say indispensable to deepen the discussion, and to be able to advance in our collective intention to formalize our accounting discipline as a science. With the development of this investigation we try to contribute to the improvement of the quality of accounting education, by studying how accounting is taught, and based on this analysis, to promote pertinent changes in the curricula of Public Accountants office, particularly regarding contents, methodologies, bibliography and evaluation . To contribute concrete tools of analyses, that allow the focus of education on mathematical issues in a local, regional and national context, and which in addition may have parameters of evaluation, analysis and synthesis, on the aspects that concern the suitable use of mathematics in the development of the Public Accountant’s daily tasks, in order to improve their processes of analysis and decision making.On the basis of the principles of a global society, a New Economy is emerging. The Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an increasingly important topic in the New Economy in general, and in the European Union in particular. Thus, an important role is played by companies’ social responsibility to achieve Lisbon Summit goal “the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world”. The CSR reporting has a triple-bottom line approach in the assessment of a company’s performance: the economic, the environment and the social factors. Mutatis mutandis, more and more the assessment of company’s competitiveness takes into account the principles of sustainability. The link between the intangible assets and CSR is intimate and multifaceted. In order to develop company’s abilities to create future economic value, one step should consist in the expansion of the financial reporting process in order to incorporate the valuation of a company’s intangible and intellectual assets. These mentioned factors have become most important to business success and economic growth in the 21st century.This paper provides an analysis of the financial conditions and activities developed by the construction companies in The Canary Islands during the period 2000-2002. The analyzed sample is composed of 318 companies that were involved in production activities during the period considered. Firstly, a descriptive analysis of the composition of the sample is made, in reference to the age, legal status and nature and conditions of companies that have been audited or not audited. It was also considered advisable to classify the set of economic units based on turnover, assets and the number of workers, in order to obtain a better idea of the size of each company. In order to perform the economic and financial analysis of assets and the activities d carried out by the companies of the sector, we examined balance sheets and the income statements, along with profitability and solvency. In order to complete the analysis and place it in context, we conclude with a reference to the economic framework and expectations of the sector, as well as the competitive position of the Canary Islands construction sector and its future perspectives.This article provides an overall tax analysis of the complexity of the Portuguese tax system. Before discussing whether we should change the way we tax ourselves, it will be useful to compare the Portuguese tax system to other OCDE and European countries. However, the main aim of this study is to discuss the main aspects that make the Portuguese tax system complex and difficult to enforce. Then, in order to simplify the Portuguese tax system, we will focus on economic, administrative and legislative issues that have introduced some kind of complexity in the tax system.

Respostas estratégicas às pressões institucionais e sucesso no atingir metas no orçamento: um estudo em uma empresa multinacional

This study aimed to analyze the potential of the model developed by Oliver (1991), in combination with Tolbert and Zucker’s approach of the institutionalization process (1999), to understand, analyze and act on the intensity of strategic responses to institutional pressures that result from demands posed by organizations’ budget elaboration process. In the field research we used the survey method, applying a structured questionnaire, analyzing the management group of a multinational company that manufactures inputs for durable goods. The study allowed us to map different strategic responses to institutional pressures and using Kruskal Wallis test for the sample under study, we identified responses that were associated with the fact of managers reaching their goals. Based on the identification of associations, this method can offer the conditions to identify possible actions able to improve the tactical planning process in this entity and support managers’ orientations and stimulate actions that can bring conflict situations, on the other hand, will allow the institutionalization process.

Impacto da especificidade de ativos nos custos de transação, na estrutura de capital e no valor da empresa

This paper discusses the assets specificity concept and its role in Transaction Cost Theory and explores its effects on capital structure and company value. Adopting an empirical-analytical approach, the purpose is to explain how assets specificity influences the decisions and behavior of economics agents. A wide variety of earlier studies prove the existence of relevant effects derived from this factor. The hypothesis is tested that low levels of general and long-term indebtedness would be associated with firms active in markets with a higher degree of industrial concentration. Firms displaying this kind of behavior for these variables would probably have a higher degree of assets specificity. A multivariate Cluster Analysis is applied to a sample of companies from Exame Melhores e Maiores for the year 2001. Results were statistically significant, with two different clusters: companies with a higher probable degree of assets specificity, as opposed to those with a lower probable degree of assets specificity.

THE ROLE OF EARNINGS PERSISTENCE IN VALUATION ACCURACY AND THE TIME HORIZON

En base al supuesto de que la persistencia de las ganancias tiene implicancias tanto en el analisis financiero como en los contratos de compensacion, el objetivo de este trabajo es investigar el rol de la persistencia de las ganancias, asumiendo que (i) es probable que las ganancias mas persistentes constituyan un mejor aporte a los modelos de valoracion y (ii) las ganancias mas persistentes tienen mas posibilidades de funcionar como una aproximacion al mercado de largo plazo y a la orientacion gerencial. El analisis se basa en empresas que cotizan en bolsa en Brasil desde 1995 hasta 2013 y si bien documentamos un sostenido apoyo a la relevancia de la persistencia de los ingresos en el analisis financiero y la valoracion, no hemos podido documentar una relacion significativa entre la persistencia de las ganancias y la orientacion de valor a largo plazo. Estos resultados son sensibles a diferentes especificaciones y otros resultados sugieren que el riesgo idiosincrasico de las empresas (riesgo total) resulta relevante para explicar la atencion centrada en los resultados de corto plazo (cortoplacismo) entre las diversas empresas. El aporte principal de este trabajo consiste en brindar evidencia empirica de la importancia de los numeros contables tanto en la valoracion como en las teorias contractuales, en un mercado emergente.Based on the assumption that earnings persistence has implications for both financial analysis and compensation contracts, the aim of this paper is to investigate the role of earnings persistence assuming that (i) more persistent earnings are likely to be a better input to valuation models and (ii) more persistent earnings are likely to serve as a proxy for long-term market and managerial orientation. The analysis is based on Brazilian listed firms from 1995 to 2013, and while we document strong support for the relevance of earnings persistence in financial analysis and valuation, we fail to document a significant relationship between earnings persistence and long-term value orientation. These results are sensitive to different specifications, and additional results suggest that firms’ idiosyncratic risk (total risk) is relevant to explain the focus on short-term outcomes (short-termism) across firms. The main contribution of this paper is to offer empirical evidence for the relevance of accounting numbers in both valuation and contractual theories in an emergent market

Uso de medidas não financeiras de desempenho, estratégia e orientação temporal de gestores das 'melhores empresas para você trabalhar'

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the use of non-financial performance measures and managerial time orientation by empirically examining normative accounting predictions with regard to the positive relationship between the use of non-financial performance measures and managerial time orientation. In addition, this paper explores the moderating effect of firm’s strategic mission on the relationship between the use of non-financial performance measures and managerial time orientation by examining whether a long-term strategic mission intensifies the positive relationship between nonfinancial performance measures and managerial time orientation. Therefore, hypotheses are developed concerning the association between the use of non-financial indicators and managerial time orientation, as well as whether strategy moderates this relationship, based on the relevant accounting literature on the theme. A survey is carried out in which questionnaires are sent to the email address of a sample of middle level managers working in companies with business in Brazil. It is applied the statistical technique of partial least squares (PLS) and subgroup analysis to test the research hypotheses. The results indicate the presence of a significant relationship between the use of non-financial performance measures and managerial time orientation, but, contrary to normative predictions and our expectations, a shorter-term orientation is associated with a greater relative importance of non-financial indicators. Moreover, contrary to our expectations either, the results indicate that the firm’s strategic mission moderates this relationship as follows: for firms pursuing a build strategy, the use of non-financial measures is negatively related to managerial time orientation. The main implication of this study is that there may be certain situations where the use of non-financial performance is does not contribute for long-term decision-making. Future research could explore these situations so that you can get a broader understanding of the effects of different performance measures on managerial time orientation.

CRIAÇÃO DE CONHECIMENTO EM PRÁTICAS DE CONTROLE GERENCIAL: ANÁLISE DOS ESTUDOS INTERNACIONAIS

This article, written in the form of a theoretical essay, aimed to identify the results of international studies on the creation of knowledge in management control practices on knowledge creation in management control practices and their application to generate new knowledge for organizations and scientific research.