Ángel Herrero Crespo

The effect of innovativeness on the adoption of B2C e-commerce: A model based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour

This paper analyses the factors that lead Internet users to becoming online shoppers. In particular, assuming that Internet is an innovation affecting the way individuals shop, a model of electronic commerce adoption is proposed that adds personal innovativeness to the traditional formulation of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The theoretical model proposed is tested on a sample of Web users with no experience in online shopping. The results denote that electronic commerce acceptance is determined by attitudes to the system, subjective norm and personal innovativeness in the domain of information technology. Moreover, we find that personal innovativeness has a moderating effect on the acceptance of electronic commerce.

Explaining B2C e-commerce acceptance: An integrative model based on the framework by Gatignon and Robertson

This study attempts to analyze e-commerce adoption, proposing a global model that integrates the most relevant approaches in the literature. Gatignon and Robertsons Adoption Model is taken as a reference framework because of its overall nature and its agreement with the main theories used to explain e-commerce acceptance. Thus, the model proposed to explain e-commerce adoption by consumers includes the simultaneous influence of attitudes, social norms, perceived risk, personal innovativeness in the field of new technologies and attributes perceived in the technology. The results obtained show that attitudes toward the system and Subjective Norm are the main determinants of the intention to shop on the Net. On the contrary, perceived risk has no significant effect on adoption process, while the influence of personal innovativeness is only relevant in the first purchase on the Internet.

The influence of the commercial features of the Internet on the adoption of e-commerce by consumers

Taking the Theory of Planned Behavior as a theoretical framework, this study analyzes how commercial features of the Internet determine its adoption as a sales system. In particular, the study examines the influence of product perception, shopping experience, information provided or the level of risk perceived on the adoption of B2C e-commerce. The results show that attitudes toward e-commerce, subjective norm and perceived risk are the main factors that affect the decision to purchase from electronic retailers. Moreover, the results show that the influence of the commercial features of the Internet is mediated through attitudes toward e-commerce.

How do internet surfers become online buyers? An integrative model of e-commerce acceptance

The present study attempts to analyse the factors that determine e-commerce adoption by final consumers. In particular, following Taylor and Todds approach (Taylor, S. and Todd, PA., 1995 understanding information technology usage: a test of competing models. Information Systems Research, 6(2), 144–176), an overall adoption model of internet shopping is propounded, which includes the most relevant approaches in e-commerce adoption literature: the theory of planned behaviour and the technology acceptance model. The proposed theoretical model is applied on two different samples: one composed of internet users with no previous experience of virtual shopping, and another formed by subjects that have already made online transactions previously. The results obtained reveal that for both groups the attitude towards e-commerce, influence from a relevant third party and perceived usefulness in the system constitute the main direct determinants of the intention of virtual commerce adoption. Perceived behavioural c...The present study attempts to analyse the factors that determine e-commerce adoption by final consumers. In particular, following Taylor and Todds approach (Taylor, S. and Todd, PA., 1995 understanding information technology usage: a test of competing models. Information Systems Research, 6(2), 144–176), an overall adoption model of internet shopping is propounded, which includes the most relevant approaches in e-commerce adoption literature: the theory of planned behaviour and the technology acceptance model. The proposed theoretical model is applied on two different samples: one composed of internet users with no previous experience of virtual shopping, and another formed by subjects that have already made online transactions previously. The results obtained reveal that for both groups the attitude towards e-commerce, influence from a relevant third party and perceived usefulness in the system constitute the main direct determinants of the intention of virtual commerce adoption. Perceived behavioural control does not affect, on the contrary, the intention to shop on the internet in the future.

Influence of Users’ Perceived Compatibility and Their Prior Experience on B2C e-Commerce Acceptance

This paper analyses the factors that determine the adoption of electronic commerce by consumers, examining the influence of two variables that have rarely been studied in the field of online purchasing: users’ perceived compatibility with e-commerce and their prior experience of online purchasing. With this aim, we consider the Technology Acceptance Model -TAM- [1,2] as a reference framework. The research sample is divided between those Internet users that have never purchased on the Internet and those that have already purchased online in the past. The results obtained support that perceived compatibility has a positive influence on attitudes towards e-commerce and on perceived usefulness and on ease of use of online purchasing for Internet users with and without prior experience with online transactions. Additionally, the results obtained show off that experience with e-commerce has a moderator effect both on the causal relationships included in the TAM and the influence of perceived compatibility.

Customer responses to environmentally certified hotels: the moderating effect of environmental consciousness on the formation of behavioral intentions

ABSTRACT Environmental certifications are considered an extremely useful tool to promote sustainable tourism; however, little is known about customer perceptions of these schemes and how these certifications might relate to customer behavior when there are customer segments with different levels of environmental consciousness. This study develops a model that investigates the relationship between green practices, green image, environmental consciousness and the behavioral intentions of customers in a certified hotel context. The study examines the direct and moderating role of environmental consciousness in the formation of behavioral intentions based on green initiatives. To test the proposed model empirically, 502 personal surveys of hotel customers were conducted in Spain using a structured questionnaire. The findings show that customer perceptions of green practices have a directly positive effect on a hotels green image. At the same time, this green image has directly positive effects on customer behavioral intentions toward certified hotels. The authors also found that the higher the environmental consciousness of consumers, the greater their intention to stay, to spread positive word-of-mouth and pay a premium for environmentally certified hotels. Finally, consumer environmental consciousness also exerts a moderating effect on the causal relationship between green image and behavioral intentions.Environmental certifications are considered an extremely useful tool to promote sustainable tourism; however, little is known about customer perceptions of these schemes and how these certification...

La influencia de la propensión a innovar del gestor en la implantación de programas de fidelización de clientes en el pequeño comercio

Resumen Este trabajo examina los factores que condicionan la implantacion de programas de fidelizacion de clientes en el pequeno comercio detallista, con especial atencion a la influencia de la propension a innovar. En particular, se define una extension del Modelo de Aceptacion de Tecnologia que incorpora la propension a innovar del decisor en el ambito de las nuevas tecnologias como variable explicativa de la implantacion de programas de fidelizacion. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que esta variable ejerce una influencia indirecta en la implantacion de este tipo de sistemas, a traves de su efecto sobre los atributos percibidos en el mismo (utilidad y facilidad de uso). Asimismo, se observa que en los negocios detallistas unipersonales la intencion de implantacion de programas de fidelizacion unicamente esta determinada por la facilidad de gestion percibida, mientras que en las microempresas minoristas resulta tambien relevante la utilidad que se atribuye para el negocio.

Entrepreneurial intention: perceived advantages and disadvantages

Purpose Based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour, the purpose of this paper is to analyse the influence of the advantages and disadvantages of entrepreneurship surrounding the entrepreneurial intention on a university context. Design/methodology/approach To test the hypothesis it is used a quantitative research. With a structural equations approach, it is explored the psychological mechanisms that could affect to the entrepreneurial intentions of university students. Findings The results obtained show that the advantages related to entrepreneurship, in particular personal rewards, influence positively on the entrepreneurial attitude. However, the disadvantages, in particular economic aspects, have a negative effect. Additionally, the authors test that the gender and the academic training have a moderate effect on the variables which influence on the entrepreneurial intention. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature on entrepreneurship in two important aspects. First, it goes into detail...

Importa la auditoría de los estados financieros de las Pymes a los analistas de riesgo de crédito

This paper analyzes the usefulness of auditing in processes of credit granting to SMEs. A survey of 471 risk analysts in Spain shows that the fact that financial statements are audited increases perceived quality of accounting information, reduces perceived risk in operations, increases trust in companies and has a positive impact both on the probability that SMEs will have better access to credit and on obtaining better financing conditions.

Influence of perceived risk on entrepreneurial desirability and feasibility: multidimensional approach for nascent entrepreneurs

This study examines the influence of perceived risk on entrepreneurial desirability and feasibility as determining factors in the intention to start a self-owned business. Specifically, a multidimensional approach is taken to examine the different types of risks associated with entrepreneurship: economic, social, time, health and personal risks. The results obtained from a sample of 376 new entrepreneurs in Mexico confirm the fact that the perceived desirability and feasibility have a significant and positive effect on the intentions to start their own company. On one hand, the empirical evidence obtained shows a heterogenic effect of the risk dimensions associated with entrepreneurship on the perceived desirability and feasibility in their behaviour. Therefore, it was found that the economic risk associated with entrepreneurship has a negative effect on the feasibility to start a business, but does not significantly influence the desirability of that behaviour. On the other hand, a significant effect from the risk related to health is not seen on desirability and feasibility, but the negative influence of personal risk is empirically supported for both variables. Finally, the results obtained related to social and time risk are contradictory. Social risk negatively influences entrepreneurship desirability, but a positive effect is observed on the feasibility to create a business. For its part, the empirical evidence obtained does not support any effect of the time risk on the perceived feasibility of starting a business, but there is a positive on entrepreneurship desirability. These results, which are contrary to the traditional concept of risk as a barrier to entrepreneurship, are justified by the vocational nature of this behaviour and by the social sacrifices that are sometimes necessary to be able to make a business work.