Angela Adamski da Silva Reis

[Human papillomavirus and public health: cervical cancer prevention].

The present study aimed to evaluate the applicability of an educational booklet that contained information for the general population about promotion and prevention of infections and neoplasic process caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). The study was arranged in two phases. First, the booklet was given to 200 volunteers in the city of Goiânia, Goiás State. The applicability of the booklet was evaluated without the necessity of proving former knowledge. In the second phase, a detailed analysis of the data was made and the booklet revealed applicable. Then, the educational material was published and 2000 copies were distributed in a social event held by the Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Góias in the city of Goiânia. In the event, the booklet raised the interest of the general public and gave the volunteers a chance to participate in a study that investigated the presence of the HPV in the genital microbiote. The booklet proved to be applicable and reached its objective to inform and prevent. However, its necessary to promote and improve campaigns to the population about the HPV and its relations with the neoplasic process.

Aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos associados ao câncer de pênis

The general objective of this article is to review the current literature regarding the epidemiology, biological behavior and risk factors for penile cancer development, such as HPV infection. Phimosis and chronic irritation related to poor hygiene are commonly associated with penile cancer, whereas neonatal circumcision reduces the relative risk for the disease. There is strong evidence that HPV types 16 and 18 are associated with penile carcinoma in as many as 50% of cases. Patients with penile lesions should undergo physical examination, which is often sufficient to diagnose and to define tumor stagging, as well as contributes to decision-making regarding therapeutical approaches and case management.

The Impact of Human Papillomavirus on Cancer Risk in Penile Cancer

The HPV has been shown to play a causative role in anal, head, neck, oral and penile carcinomas. The latter is a rare tumor accounting of a 1 per 100.000 incidence rate in Western countries, including Europe and North America, and representing less than 1% of all male cancers. On the contrary, the incidence in some emerging countries is much higher, reaching 18% to 20% of all male tumors (Salvioni et al., 2009). General socioeconomic factors and access to health-care systems might contribute to the discrepancies in this incidence.

Do GST polymorphisms influence in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy

Diabetic patients often develop Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) despite severe long-lasting hyperglycemia, while others develop DN even under intensive insulin therapy. This indicates that factors other than chronic hyperglycemia may also contribute to the susceptibility to the development of DN. The purpose of this case-control study was to investigate the possible role of GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletion polymorphisms, and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP), GSTP1 313 A > G (Ile105Val), in DN susceptibility. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the occurrence of GST polymorphisms in the Central Brazilian population was not associated with increased risk of DN. However, the presence GSTT1 null genotype suggest an increase trend in systolic blood pressure and opposite inference was observed for the GSTP1 genotype (Ile⁄Val or Val⁄Val). On the order hand, other studies may clarify the relationship of these polymorphisms with DN and help in the prevention of this disease.

Clinical data and risk factors for diabetic nephropathy in Brazilian central population

This article describes data set of the profile of patients diagnosed with Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) undergoing hemodialysis and followed-up by Hemodialysis Service in medical centers in Goiânia, Go, Brazil. These data describe specifically the demographic, clinical, and lifestyle variables of 101 patients. In addition, these data provide detailed clinical associations about the profile of patients diagnosed with DN and which are made publicly available to enable critical or extended analyzes. For further interpretation of the data presented in this article, see the research article: Do GST polymorphisms influence in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy? (Lima et al., 2018).

GSTM1/GSTT1 double-null genotype increases risk of treatment-resistant schizophrenia: A genetic association study in Brazilian patients

Background The role of oxidative stress in schizophrenia has been demonstrated, particularly in subjects with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). In such patients, the decreased levels of antioxidants in conjunction with the increased generation of reactive oxygen species in the brain exposes the neurons to a higher risk of damage. Methods and findings We evaluated the association of deletion polymorphisms of two genes of the antioxidant Glutathione S-Transferase family, GSTT1 and GSTM1, with susceptibility to TRS. A total of 54 TRS patients (mean age 38.7 years) and 78 healthy control subjects (mean age 39.0 years) were enrolled in this study. The subjects were matched by sex, age, and smoking and alcohol consumption habits. In the case group, the frequencies of GSTT1-null and GSTM1-null genotypes were 24.1 and 51.9%, respectively, whereas for the control group, the frequencies were 12.8 and 46.2%, respectively. Analysis performed with respect to the risk of developing TRS associated with the GSTT1 and GSTM1 deletion polymorphisms, resulted in odds ratio (OR) values of 2.1 and 1.2, respectively. However, the association was not found to be significant (p = 0.1229 and p = 0.5916, respectively). The analysis performed with respect to the combined genotypes of GSTT1 and GSTM1 revealed that the double-null genotype confers a 4.6-fold increased risk of developing TRS (p = 0.0412). Conclusion The results of the present study indicate that a combination of GST deficiencies may play a role in enhanced susceptibility to TRS, and the present genotype of one of these genes may buffer the deficiency caused by the lack (null genotype) of the other. The results suggest that combined deletion polymorphisms of GSTT1 and GSTM1 can have implications in the prediction of the clinical course of the disease.

The Effect of Nrf2 on Diabetic Complications

The Nrf2 has been identified as a key molecular player in orchestrating adaptive cellular interactions following a wide spectrum of cellular conditions that could be either extracellular or intracellular. The encoded transcription factor regulates genes, which contain antioxidant response elements (ARE) in their promoters; many of these genes encode proteins involved in response to environmental stress, detoxifying enzymes, metabolic enzymes, injury, and inflammation, which includes the production of free radicals. The association between oxidative stress and inflammation with progression of diabetic nephropathy and cardiomyopathy has been described. The prevention of diabetic nephropathy and cardiomyopathy has become a global concern for those who are working in diabetic care management. Therefore, activation of Nrf2 has the potential to protect against macromolecular damage. Studies have demonstrated the beneficial role of Nrf2 induction in the prevention of DN. Upon exposure of cells to oxidative stress or electrophilic compounds, Nrf2 dissociates from Keap1 and translocates into the nucleus to bind to antioxidant-responsive elements in the genes encoding antioxidant enzymes. Upregulation of these Nrf2-dependent antioxidants promotes detoxification and antiinflammatory function. Thus, the Nrf2 activators have been suggested for preventing diabetic nephropathy.

Molecular Tools for Detection Human Papillomavirus

More than 100 HPV types have been identified and about 40 types can infect the genital tract. Worldwide, HPV 16 is the most common high-risk type, present in 50%, followed by HPV 18, present in 14% of cervical cancers [9]. Same types of HPV were more frequent in malignant than in benign lesions, and infection with high-risk types of HPV is now considered the major risk factor for the development of cancer of the uterine cervix [1].

Polimorfismo de TP53 nos Carcinomas Tiroideanos: estudo molecular e meta-análise

Resumo: nossa proposta foi avaliar o polimorfismo do gene TP5372 e a associacao deste com o risco de desenvolvimento do câncer da tireoide. Para avaliar o papel de tal polimorfismo, 35 casos de câncer de tireoide foram comparados ao grupo controle de 134 individuos saudaveis. A determinacao do polimorfismo do gene TP5372 foi feita por PCR e incluido na meta-analise de estudos caso-controle com pacientes com carcinomas tiroideanos utilizando o metodo de DerSimonian-Laird. A frequencia do alelo p53Arg foi significativamente maior em ambos os grupos analisados. A comparacao da frequencia genotipica dos pacientes com o grupo controle demonstrou que genotipo p53Arg Arg apresenta menor risco para desenvolvimento de câncer, sugerindo que a presenca do alelo arginina em homozigose possua um efeito protetor contra a carcinogenese tiroideana (OR:0,15; p<0,0001). Os dados gerados pela meta-analise demonstraram que a relacao entre o genotipo e o fenotipo originado do polimorfismo de TP5372 nao esta associada a susceptibilidade genetica ao câncer de tireoide. Palavras-chave: Polimorfismo. Gene TP5372. Câncer de tireoide. Susceptibilidade genetica. Meta-analise.