Angela O. Shogbon

A comparison of students' self-assessments with faculty evaluations of their communication skills.

Objective. To compare students’ self-assessment of their communication skills with faculty members’ formal evaluation of their skills in a therapeutics course. Methods. Over a 3-year period, faculty members evaluated second-year pharmacy students’ communication skills as part of a requirement in a therapeutics course. Immediately following an individual oral assessment and again following a group oral assessment, students self-assessed their communication skills using the same rubric the faculty members had used. Students’ self-assessments were then compared with faculty members’ evaluation of students’ communication skills. Results. Four hundred one (97.3%) students consented to participate in this study. Faculty evaluation scores of students for both the individual and group oral assessments were significantly higher than students’ self-assessment scores. Students’ self-assessment scores of their communication skills increased from the individual to the group oral assessment. Conclusion. Students’ self-assessments of communication skills were consistently lower than faculty members’ evaluations. Greater use of oral assessments throughout the pharmacy curriculum may help to improve students’ confidence in and self-assessment of their communication skills.

Student Pharmacists’ Clinical Interventions in Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences at a Community Nonteaching Hospital

Objective. To assess student pharmacists’ clinical interventions in advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs) at a community nonteaching hospital and evaluate completed interventions based on the type of documentation method used. Methods. Clinical interventions of 120 fourth-year (P4) student pharmacists in advanced institutional, medication safety, or internal medicine APPEs were collected over a 3½-year period. Clinical interventions were analyzed for cost savings, intervention type, and acceptance rates. A secondary analysis of paper-based vs electronic-based documentation of completed interventions was performed. Results. There were 2,170 clinical interventions attempted with an acceptance rate of 97%. The estimated cost savings was

The Therapeutic Use of Vaptans for the Treatment of Dilutional Hyponatremia

280,297. A comparable number of interventions and cost savings per student was observed between paper-based and electronic-based documentation methods. Conclusion. Student pharmacists at a community nonteaching hospital have many opportunities for participation in patient-centered activities, and for interaction and collaboration with other healthcare professionals. They can significantly benefit patient care through clinical interventions, while also contributing to cost savings for the institution.

Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia During Adjuvant Chemotherapy With Oxaliplatin, 5-Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin (FOLFOX) for Colon Cancer

Hyponatremia is a very common electrolyte abnormality. Dilutional hyponatremia is very difficult to treat effectively due to the complications of conventional treatment. Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) plays an integral role in circulatory and water homeostasis. AVP is a hormone released in response to increases in plasma tonicity or decreases in plasma volume in an attempt to maintain the plasma osmolality between 284 and 295 mOsm/L. AVP receptor antagonists or “vaptans” are a new class of drugs that allow for the safe and efficacious treatment of dilutional hyponatremia. Conivaptan, a mixed V1a/V2 receptor antagonist, and tolvaptan, a selective V2 receptor antagonist, are the only 2 vaptans approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

Postoperative Pain Management With Liposomal Bupivacaine in Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Knee and Hip Arthroplasty at a Community Hospital

Lung disease associated with FOLFOX (oxaliplatin/5-fluorouracil/leucovorin) chemotherapy is uncommon. We describe a case of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) occurring in a 78-year-old woman after receiving 2 cycles of modified FOLFOX6 as adjuvant chemotherapy for treatment of resected nonmetastatic colon cancer. This patient presented with respiratory symptoms including cough with scant clear sputum and wheezing on day 10 of the second cycle of mFOLFOX6. Despite therapy with systemic antibiotics and supplemental oxygen, she had a steady and relentless progression of her respiratory symptoms and status, with chest radiographs revealing progressive bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Further chest radiograph evaluation demonstrated findings consistent with COP. Antibiotics were discontinued and methylprednisolone sodium succinate initiated as the mainstay of management for COP. The patient required a higher dose of methylprednisolone sodium succinate than typical for initial response with doses up to 3 mg/kg per d leading to prompt improvement in her respiratory symptoms and function and declining need for supplemental oxygen therapy. Chest radiographs also showed improvement. The Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale indicated a probable relationship (score of 5) between the patient’s COP and the FOLFOX chemotherapy. Clinicians should be aware of the potential for this uncommon, yet severe adverse reaction associated with the FOLFOX chemotherapy.

Utilization of a structured approach to patient-based pharmacotherapy notes in a therapeutics course to improve clinical documentation skills

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the association between liposomal bupivacaine use in patients undergoing knee or hip arthroplasty and concurrent pain control, length of hospitalization, and physical therapy milestones. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review. Patients receiving liposomal bupivacaine during a 1-year period (study group) were compared with patients seen by the same surgeon in the previous year who did not receive liposomal bupivacaine (control group). Clinical outcomes included concurrent opioid use, average pain scores, length of stay, ambulation, and range of motion. Results: A total of 357 patients were included in the study. Knee study group patients received lower amounts of opioid (209 vs 248 mg; P = .02) and had a delayed time to first rescue medication (6.3 ± 4.7 vs 5.0 ± 4.4 hours; P = .02). Hip study group patients had a delay in time to first rescue medication (7.1 ± 6.3 vs 4.9 ± 4.0 hours; P = .046). Both knee and hip study group patients had higher average pain score during the 72-hour postoperative period (6.38 vs 6.06; P = .01, and 6.32 vs 5.80; P = .02, respectively) but decreased median length of stay (2.0 vs 3.0 days; P < .0001, and 2.0 vs 3.0 days; P = .04, respectively). Conclusions: Use of liposomal bupivacaine produced a modest decrease in opioid use among knee patients and a decreased length of stay in both knee and hip patients; however, this was accompanied by a non-clinically significant increase in pain scores for knee and hip patients suggesting limited utility for orthopedic procedures.