Angela Santana de Oliveira

Relationship between land use/cover and surface temperatures in the urban agglomeration of Cuiabá-Várzea Grande, Central Brazil

We focus on the surface urban heat island (SUHI) and the spatiotemporal relationship between land use and surface temperatures (Ts) in Cuiabá-Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso, one of the major urban agglomerations of central-western Brazil, which has suffered intense urbanization processes since the 1960s. Supervised maximum likelihood classifications of optical bands of Landsat Thematic Mapper (Landsat TM) imagery from 1986 and 2007 are applied to generate land use/cover maps. Surface emissivity is determined using the logarithmic transformation of the normalized difference vegetation index. The Ts is retrieved from the thermal bands utilizing a radiative transfer equation. In both cities, urban expansion followed two main development axes, which are reflected in the spatial patterns of Ts. The highest values of Ts were found in bare soil and urbanized areas. Between 1986 and 2007, Ts increased 0.96°C on average and a maximum of 5.49°C in the urban agglomeration. The SUHI in Várzea Grande suffered intensification with an increase of 1.34°C in the downtown area. This tendency was stronger in the center of Cuiabá, where Ts increased 3.12°C. Slowing this rapid rate of temperature increase would demand decisive intervention by municipal authorities, such as restricting annual occupation taxes, reducing the occupation coefficient in new districts, preserving native vegetation, and designating new green areas.

BENEFÍCIOS DA ARBORIZAÇÃO EM PRAÇAS URBANAS - O CASO DE CUIABÁ/MT

The urban forestry contributes directly to the quality of life in cities, benefiting their physical-environmental. Examining the case of two public squares in Cuiaba, Brazil, this study investigated how trees affect the conditions of the microclimate in urban areas. This study aimed to assess the variables that contribute the thermal environment of squares Popular and April 8 and how this influences the use by people analyzing the relationships among the factors involved in this process, mainly through the woody vegetation. This involved measurements of leaf area index (LAI), rates of shading and tree density (ISA and IDA), size and identification of various species. Also, we performed measurements of meteorological variables for 15 continuous days on a rainy dry season and another in 2009. Held parallel to one behavioral assessment verification of the dynamics of use by people. It was observed that the mean air temperature below the canopy was reduced by 0.45 ° C and 0.30 ° C respectively in dry and rainy seasons. By multivariate analysis using clusters of vegetation characteristics, the results indicated dichotomy resulting in a number of areas with high leaf area index and large trees, and another group with less leaf area index, tree size and percentage of shaded area. It was concluded that it is important to add efforts to qualify the environment through public squares better planning and proper methodology in selecting tree species to be adopted.

Variáveis meteorológicas e cobertura vegetal de espécies arbóreas em praças urbanas em Cuiabá, Brasil

A influencia da vegetacao nas variaveis meteorologicas foi avaliada por meio do indice de area foliar (IAF) e indice de sombreamento arboreo (ISA) em duas pracas publicas em Cuiaba-MT, Brasil. Medidas de temperatura do ar (T) e umidade relativa (UR) foram obtidas sob a copa das arvores em diferentes sitios da cidade para o periodo seco e chuvoso no ano de 2009. A analise dos valores medios destas variaveis mostraram maiores valores de T e menores UR ocorrendo durante o periodo seco e sendo semelhantes nas duas pracas. Com relacao a UR, entretanto, nao houve diferencas significativas entre a medida sob as arvores e a atmosfera. O indice de area foliar foi calculado e variou em funcao das especies arboreas das pracas, e mostrou valores entre 5,64 e 2,79 m2. m-2, sendo a media do IAF e do ISA na Praca Popular superiores ao da Praca 8 de Abril. Conclui-se que as especies arboreas melhoraram o ambiente termico em virtude da atenuacao da radiacao proporcionada pelo sombreamento das diferentes especies, principalmente no horario com menor ângulo solar.

USO DO SOLO E TEMPERATURA SUPERFICIAL EM ÁREA URBANA

Resumen ja: Este estudo avalia a ilha de calor da superficie urbana e a relacao espaco-temporal entre o uso da terra e a temperatura da superficie (Ts) na cidade de ...

Thermal resistance and conductivity of recycled construction and demolition waste (RCDW) concrete blocks

In Brazil, studies to reuse construction and demolition waste are a special issue because a large amount of this material has been delivered to the public landfills and in illegal places. Some researchers have suggested reusing this material in building elements, such as bricks or blocks. It is possible to find a lot of researches in physical/ mechanical characterization, while little effort has been made to characterize recycled construction and demolition waste blocks (RCDW) for their thermal properties. The aim of this work was to characterize the RCDW thermal resistance and conductivity in order to provide subsidies for a building’s thermal performance analysis. The hot-box method was adapted, together with measuring techniques with a heat-flow meter to determine the RCDW thermal properties. The results indicated that the RCDW block overall thermal resistance and thermal conductivity in the solid region was within the intervals of 0.33≤RT≤0.41m 2KW-1 and 0.60≤λ≤0.78Wm-1K-1, respectively. The lower resistance and conductivity values are justified by the presence of aggregate with a lower density and lower thermal conductivity than the natural aggregate.

Análise da eficiência térmica de duas habitações de padrão popular em Cuiabá-MT: uma contribuição para o meio ambiente

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar e comparar as interrelacoes das variaveis climatologicas do municipio de Cuiaba, com o intuito de ofertar ao agropecuarista informacoes das melhores condicoes de plantio para as culturas de nossa regiao. Desta forma, para caracterizacao do clima, foi utilizada uma serie de dados como: temperatura (maxima e minima), umidade relativa, evaporacao, insolacao, pressao e precipitacao. Os dados foram coletados numa estacao meteorologica pelo INMET entre os anos de 1999 a 2004. Utilizou-se na caracterizacao dos dados tecnicas de analise fatorial por componentes principais, analise de variância e analise de grupamentos. Percebemos a existencia de um ciclo, com pouca variacao entre os anos observados, oferecendo uma previsibilidade para o melhor momento de trabalhar com determinados cultivos da baixada cuiabana.O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a analise do desempenho termico de duas residencias de padrao popular e seus sistemas construtivos; durante o inverno, periodo da seca e no verao, periodo quente e chuvoso. As edificacoes estudadas pertencem ao projeto de habitacao popular do governo do estado “Moradia para Todos” e estao localizadas na zona urbana de Cuiaba-MT, no parque de exposicoes da ACRIMAT – Associacao dos Criadores do Estado de Mato Grosso; e possuem projetos e metodologias construtivas diferentes – madeira e alvenaria. Os dados foram coletados diurnamente por vinte dias consecutivos de cada periodo sazonal descrito, utilizando termometros de globo, de acordo com a ISO DIS 7726 (1998). Foram analisados os valores de temperatura radiante, e temperatura de bulbo seco e bulbo umido que foram utilizados para obtencao do valor da umidade. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa SPSS chegando-se a um diagnostico dos desempenhos dos ambientes quanto ao conforto termico dos mesmos.

DIVERSITY ARBORIAL AND VEGETATION INDICES IN ENVIRONMENT SCHOOL

Studies have shown the importance of tree diversity in terms of environmental education and for ethical behavior of the students in environmental school. However, there are few studies with a standard proposed method for determining the arboreal vegetation existing inside the schools environmental. There is also a lack of index trees that can be used to design areas for vegetation inside these environments. This study aimed to conduct an environmental assessment in three schools located the Cuiaba city. It was carried out an arboreal inventory and vegetation indexes, in order to evaluate indexes that can be used as references for designing landscape projects for educational environments, as well as to be used in planning, conservation and maintenance of arboreal vegetation existing in these spaces. It was noted in school environment investigated that there was equilibrium between the native and exotic species and it was observed high relative frequency of two species. The largest values of leaf area index was determined in exotic trees such as Manguifera Indica L. and Ficus benjamina, as well as in the native one, like Licania tomentosa (Oiti). The results suggest shading arborization index equal or greater than 40% and school arboreal vegetation index at least equal to 12m 2 per student for educational environments.