Ivan Julio Apolonio Callejas

Relationship between land use/cover and surface temperatures in the urban agglomeration of Cuiabá-Várzea Grande, Central Brazil

We focus on the surface urban heat island (SUHI) and the spatiotemporal relationship between land use and surface temperatures (Ts) in Cuiabá-Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso, one of the major urban agglomerations of central-western Brazil, which has suffered intense urbanization processes since the 1960s. Supervised maximum likelihood classifications of optical bands of Landsat Thematic Mapper (Landsat TM) imagery from 1986 and 2007 are applied to generate land use/cover maps. Surface emissivity is determined using the logarithmic transformation of the normalized difference vegetation index. The Ts is retrieved from the thermal bands utilizing a radiative transfer equation. In both cities, urban expansion followed two main development axes, which are reflected in the spatial patterns of Ts. The highest values of Ts were found in bare soil and urbanized areas. Between 1986 and 2007, Ts increased 0.96°C on average and a maximum of 5.49°C in the urban agglomeration. The SUHI in Várzea Grande suffered intensification with an increase of 1.34°C in the downtown area. This tendency was stronger in the center of Cuiabá, where Ts increased 3.12°C. Slowing this rapid rate of temperature increase would demand decisive intervention by municipal authorities, such as restricting annual occupation taxes, reducing the occupation coefficient in new districts, preserving native vegetation, and designating new green areas.

USO DO SOLO E TEMPERATURA SUPERFICIAL EM ÁREA URBANA

Resumen ja: Este estudo avalia a ilha de calor da superficie urbana e a relacao espaco-temporal entre o uso da terra e a temperatura da superficie (Ts) na cidade de ...

Thermal resistance and conductivity of recycled construction and demolition waste (RCDW) concrete blocks

In Brazil, studies to reuse construction and demolition waste are a special issue because a large amount of this material has been delivered to the public landfills and in illegal places. Some researchers have suggested reusing this material in building elements, such as bricks or blocks. It is possible to find a lot of researches in physical/ mechanical characterization, while little effort has been made to characterize recycled construction and demolition waste blocks (RCDW) for their thermal properties. The aim of this work was to characterize the RCDW thermal resistance and conductivity in order to provide subsidies for a building’s thermal performance analysis. The hot-box method was adapted, together with measuring techniques with a heat-flow meter to determine the RCDW thermal properties. The results indicated that the RCDW block overall thermal resistance and thermal conductivity in the solid region was within the intervals of 0.33≤RT≤0.41m 2KW-1 and 0.60≤λ≤0.78Wm-1K-1, respectively. The lower resistance and conductivity values are justified by the presence of aggregate with a lower density and lower thermal conductivity than the natural aggregate.

Geração de Eletricidade Abordando o Ciclo de Vida: Uma Revisão Sistemática sob a Ótica da Sustentabilidade Ambiental

A utilizacao de placas fotovoltaicas para geracao de energia eletrica e citada como uma solucao sustentavel quando comparada com outras formas de geracao, como usinas nucleares e termeletricas. A matriz energetica brasileira e composta predominantemente por usinas hidreletricas, que apesar dos impactos ambientais causados durante a fase de construcao, possuem baixa emissao de gases poluentes e residuos durante a operacao, podendo tambem ser considerada uma solucao sustentavel. Este artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar a contribuicao da metodologia de ACV na quantificacao dos potenciais impactos ambientais no processo de producao de energia fotovoltaica e hidreletrica. A metodologia consistiu de revisao sistematica em artigos, teses e dissertacoes em bancos de dados e portais de pesquisa cientifica. A sistematizacao foi estruturada em termos das categorias de impacto, metodos e softwares de quantificacao e valores dos potenciais impactos das geracoes hidreletrica e fotovoltaica. Os resultados mostram que as maiores emissoes de dioxido de carbono estao concentradas na fase de construcao das hidreletricas e dos modulos fotovoltaicos, sendo que a operacao responde por uma parcela menor de emissoes. A diferenca entre os impactos de ambas as fontes geradoras se revela atraves das linhas de transmissao e distribuicao, que sao desconsideradas para geracao distribuida. Como contribuicao, o trabalho apresenta contribuicoes conceituais e dados numericos para compreensao da problematica dos potenciais impactos ambientais oriundos de diversas matrizes energeticas.

VARIAÇÃO SAZONAL DO BALANÇO DE ENERGIA EM CIDADE LOCALIZADA NA REGIÃO CENTRAL DO BRASIL

A concentracao e o crescimento populacional experimentado pela cidade de Cuiaba desde 70 tem favorecido o rapido processo de mudancas de cobertura do solo no clima tropical local, principalmente por causa da substituicao de areas naturais por edificios e superficies impermeaveis. Com base neste cenario, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar as trocas entre a superficie e atmosfera de um sitio urbano localizado nas proximidades da regiao central da cidade de Cuiaba. Em geral, as fracoes de particionamento de fluxo de calor antropogenico (QF), de calor armazenado dentro do dossel urbano (ΔQs), dos fluxos de calor latente (QE) e dos fluxos de calor sensivel (QH) corresponderam a 3, 26, 28 e 46% e 3, 23, 31 e 46% da energia disponivel no ambiente (Q*+QF), na estacao seca e umida, respectivamente. Estas fracoes do balanco de energia foram semelhantes as observadas na cidade de Miami, mas diferiram em termos do momento do pico e a intensidade. Os indices medios diurnos da razao de Bowen (β) nas estacoes seca e chuvosa foram 1,67 e 1,55, apresentando relacao direta com a area da cobertura vegetal. Os fluxos de calor sensivel e latente se correlacionaram positivamente respectivamente com a superficie impermeavel e vegetada.

Pavimentação Asfáltica: Contribuição no Aquecimento de Áreas Urbanas

O material mais utilizado para pavimentacao do meio urbano no Brasil e o pavimento asfaltico. Pelas suas caracteristicas termofisicas, este pavimento contribui para o aumento das temperaturas ambientais nos locais em que e aplicado. O presente artigo tem por objetivo avaliar o comportamento termico de pavimento asfaltico ao longo de um ciclo diario, em regiao de clima tropical, com vistas a sua contribuicao para o aquecimento de areas urbanas. Por meio de medicoes de albedo, temperatura do ar, temperaturas superficiais externas e internas do pavimento e de fluxo de calor, verificou-se que albedo se enquadrou dentro dos limites propostos na literatura (0,16), a temperatura superficial externa e interna foram superiores a 50°C e que o fluxo de calor armazenado atingiu 244,73 Wm -2 , superiores aos fluxos do solo desprovido de vegetacao e dos solos pavimentados por concreto. Desta forma, como os fluxos de calor armazenado neste pavimento sao elevados, pode-se afirmar que o mesmo e um dos grandes responsaveis pelo processo de formacao das ilhas de calor nas cidades.

DIVERSITY ARBORIAL AND VEGETATION INDICES IN ENVIRONMENT SCHOOL

Studies have shown the importance of tree diversity in terms of environmental education and for ethical behavior of the students in environmental school. However, there are few studies with a standard proposed method for determining the arboreal vegetation existing inside the schools environmental. There is also a lack of index trees that can be used to design areas for vegetation inside these environments. This study aimed to conduct an environmental assessment in three schools located the Cuiaba city. It was carried out an arboreal inventory and vegetation indexes, in order to evaluate indexes that can be used as references for designing landscape projects for educational environments, as well as to be used in planning, conservation and maintenance of arboreal vegetation existing in these spaces. It was noted in school environment investigated that there was equilibrium between the native and exotic species and it was observed high relative frequency of two species. The largest values of leaf area index was determined in exotic trees such as Manguifera Indica L. and Ficus benjamina, as well as in the native one, like Licania tomentosa (Oiti). The results suggest shading arborization index equal or greater than 40% and school arboreal vegetation index at least equal to 12m 2 per student for educational environments.

THERMAL SENSATION IN URBAN ENVIRONMENT The OPEN SKY CITY CUIABÁ-MT

The weather conditions of the urban climate influence the thermal sensation of pedestrians moving in open environments. Thus, the meteorological variables play an important role for the quality life of the people who use these spaces, especially in cities Tropical Continental Climate. Thus, this study aimed to map the thermal sensation of walking under open condition in the city of Cuiaba, MT, taking into consideration only the weather triggered by climate. Were measured weather variables and used to index Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) for evaluating the thermal sensation. During the daytime period, thermal comfort in the open has not