Anjanee Kumar Mishra

Solar Powered Water Pumping System Employing Switched Reluctance Motor Drive

This paper presents a solar photovoltaic array fed water pumping system employing a switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive. The electronic commutation of the SRM drive at fundamental frequency offers reduced switching losses in a mid-point converter and considerably increases the efficiency of proposed system. The speed of SRM is controlled by varying the dc-bus voltage of the mid-point converter. A dc–dc Cuk converter operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM) is used for dc-bus voltage control. The CCM operation of inductors helps to reduce the ringing effect and decreases the losses of dc–dc converter. Current and voltage stresses on devices including switching stress of Cuk converter are also reduced in CCM. The Cuk converter facilitates the continuous and smooth input/output currents to SRM drive with boundless region for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) operation. The adjustment in step size of an incremental conductance MPPT algorithm facilitates the soft starting of SRM drive. The proposed system, subjected to dynamically atmospheric conditions is designed, modeled, and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink environment. A prototype of proposed configuration is also developed and its performance is validated with test results for the control of speed over varying insolation levels.

SPV array powered zeta converter fed SRM drive for water pumping

This paper demonstrates the utilization of solar photovoltaic (SPV) array produced electrical energy for low cost and efficient water pumping using simple, robust and efficient switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive. For increasing the efficiency of pumping system, an incremental conductance (InC) algorithm based MPPT technique is employed with SRM drive. A DC-DC zeta converter operated in continuous conduction mode (CCM) is used in midway between SPV array and SRM drive to provide limitless region for operation of MPPT and also for soft starting of SRM. The mid-point converter having two split capacitors is used to provide the required voltage pulses for phase windings excitation of all four phases of SRM drive. The mid-point converter operates as an electronic commutator to reduce the switching losses and power dissipation of the converter. Both the inductors of zeta converter are operated in continuous conduction mode (CCM) which results in minimal stress on converter elements. Unlike Cuk converter and SEPIC (Single-Ended Primary Inductance Converter) type buck-boost converters, zeta converter does not need additional circuit to limit the inrush current and does not require any overload protection. The speed of SRM drive is controlled with variable DC link voltage of mid-point converter and it depends upon the different environmental conditions and insolation levels of SPV array.

A single stage solar PV array based water pumping system using SRM drive

The present paper describes the solution for cost effective and efficient single stage photovoltaic (PV) generator powered water pumping using a Switched Reluctance motor (SRM). An optimal selection of a perturbation size (ΔD) and an initial duty ratio (D) in incremental conductance (IC) MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) algorithm facilitate soft starting to SRM by building up the voltage across split capacitors of a SRM converter with a reduced rate. The speed of SRM drive is controlled by output maximum power point (MPP) current of PV array. This avoids the current and voltage sensors on motor side. The proposed single stage system is operated under pulse width modulation (PWM) switching of a mid-point converter and gives privileged to reduce the bulky DC link split capacitors with small capacitors. A turn- off angle dependent control algorithm to self start a proposed SRM drive is also introduced in present system. Moreover, the present paper also discussed the details of system design and analysis of its performance under varying environmental conditions. The suitability of proposed system is validated using MATLAB simulation and test results on a hardware prototype.

SPV array powered non inverting buck-boost converter fed SRM drive for water pumping

In this paper, a non-inverting buck-boost DC-DC converter is utilized for proposed SPV (Solar Photovoltaic) powered water pumping system employing SRM (Switched Reluctance Motor) drive. This structure of buck-boost converter provides non-inverting voltage supply at output with low stress conversion than single switch converter. A new technique of variable DC link voltage operation with a fundamental switching of a mid-point converter is utilized which results in a reduction in switch power losses and makes proposed system reliable, cost effective and efficient. A DC-DC non-inverting buck-boost converter in continuous conduction mode (CCM) is used as intermediate between SPV array and SRM-pump drive to accommodate large operational region for MPPT and provides soft starting of SRM. For increasing the efficiency of proposed pumping system, an incremental conductance (InC) algorithm of MPPT is introduced to feed a SRM drive. The dynamic and steady state responses of proposed water pumping system are found satisfactory that have been analyzed using its simulated performance.

Solar photovoltaic array dependent dual output converter based water pumping using Switched Reluctance Motor drive

This paper aims at the design and development of an efficient photovoltaic (PV) array powered switched reluctance motor (SRM) driven pump utilizing a dual supply buck–boost converter. The buck–boost converter, having dual supply, is used as an intermediate dc–dc power conditioning stage between PV array and SRM-pump. To optimize the power of the PV array and to provide soft starting to the SRM drive are the two major concerns of this converter. It also provides voltage balancing of split capacitors, owing to which there is considerable reduction in torque ripple and the required size of it. Moreover, the continuous conduction mode operation of dual supply dc–dc converter minimizes current and voltage stresses on converter indices and reduced electromagnetic interference. The electronic commutation of the SRM drive at fundamental frequency offers reduced switching losses in the midpoint converter and, therefore, considerable enhancement in the efficiency of the proposed system. A dwell angle self-starting control algorithm for a four-phase 8/6 SRM is also implemented in the proposed system. A prototype is developed in the laboratory to validate the performance of the proposed system in different environmental conditions.

Buck-boost converter fed SRM drive for solar PV array based water pumping

This paper aims at the design of solar photovoltaic (SPV) array fed buck-boost converter based water pumping system utilizing a switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive. The unique approach to control the speed of switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive for water pumping by controlling the DC link voltage of a mid-point converter feeding SRM makes system efficient and reliable. The electronic commutation of the SRM drive at fundamental frequency offers reduced switching losses in mid-point converter and considerably increases the efficiency of proposed system approximately 2–3% over conventional schemes of water pumping systems. Imparting some delay to maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm using selection of proper step size is also introduces intentionally to facilitate the soft starting of SRM drive and control the high starting current of SRM. The buck-boost converter operated in continuous conduction mode (CCM) is not only facilitating the limitless area for incremental conductance (InC)-MPPT algorithm but also provides reduced stress on converter components. The buck-boost converter is the unique DC-DC converter which allowing excellent tracking of PV array maximum power point (MPP) irrespective of temperature and insolation levels. The dynamic and steady state behaviors of the proposed solar PV array fed buck-boost converter employing SRM driven water pumping system are evaluated under the varying insolations using the sim-power system toolboxes of MATLAB/Simulink environment and the prototype has been developed in the laboratory to validate the performance of proposed system.

Solar Photovoltaic Array Dependent Dual Output Converter Based Water Pumping Using Switched Reluctance Motor Drive

This paper aims at the design and development of an efficient photovoltaic (PV) array powered switched reluctance motor (SRM) driven pump utilizing a dual supply buck–boost converter. The buck–boost converter, having dual supply, is used as an intermediate dc–dc power conditioning stage between PV array and SRM-pump. To optimize the power of the PV array and to provide soft starting to the SRM drive are the two major concerns of this converter. It also provides voltage balancing of split capacitors, owing to which there is considerable reduction in torque ripple and the required size of it. Moreover, the continuous conduction mode operation of dual supply dc–dc converter minimizes current and voltage stresses on converter indices and reduced electromagnetic interference. The electronic commutation of the SRM drive at fundamental frequency offers reduced switching losses in the midpoint converter and, therefore, considerable enhancement in the efficiency of the proposed system. A dwell angle self-starting control algorithm for a four-phase 8/6 SRM is also implemented in the proposed system. A prototype is developed in the laboratory to validate the performance of the proposed system in different environmental conditions.

SPV array fed SRM driven water pumping system utilizing dual output SEPIC converter

In this paper, the topology of a single switch, single input and dual output SEPIC (Single Ended Primary Inductance Converter) is utilized for proposed SPV (Solar Photovoltaic) based water pumping system employing SRM (Switched Reluctance Motor). The proposed DC-DC converter has advantages of conventional SEPIC including capability to provide the efficient voltage balancing of DC link capacitors of a mid-point converter of SRM. Therefore, it eliminates the need of extra efforts to balance the DC link voltage across DC link capacitors and makes the proposed water pumping system cost effective and simple. A unique approach of variable DC link operation of SRM drive with an electronic commutation for switches of a mid-point converter is used with the elimination of current sensors at motor side which results in reduction in cost and losses of the system. The characteristic of providing dual output voltages with no polarity reversal and having features like minimal active components and low noise operation makes proposed dual output SEPIC suitable for solar water pumping using SRM drive. For increasing the efficiency of pumping system, an incremental conductance (InC) based MPPT technique is used to feed a SRM drive.

Design of Cost Effective Solar PV Powered SRM Driven Agriculture Pump Using Modified Buck-Boost Converter

Abstract This paper proposes a new DC-DC converter for performance optimization of a solar PV(Photovoltaic) system without electrolytic capacitor for water pumping system driven by a switched reluctance motor (SRM). The proposed converter is able to replace the input electrolytic capacitor to polypropylene capacitor with small rating and size. The snubber circuit formed by storage capacitor across switch of converter is operated to minimize the voltage spikes especially during turn-on and turn-off time. The proposed DC-DC converter delivers a continuous supply to SRM drive with low ripple content and capable to step-up and step-down the input PV voltage. The PV power optimization and to limit the high initial winding currents of SRM, are two major functions of proposed converter. An improved perturb and observation (P&O) based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control is also proposed in present system, which overcomes the deviation problem present in conventional P&O MPPT controls. Simulated and experimental results on a 500 W four-phase 8/6 SRM, are accomplished to authenticate the feasibility of proposed system under all environmental conditions.

Effect of planting geometry and nitrogen on growth, flowering and yield of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronarium L.)

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of the year 2013–14 to study effect of planting geometry and nitrogen on growth, flowering and yield of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronarium L.) at College of Horticulture & Forestry, Jhalawar (Raj.). The experiment consisted of 16 treatment combinations of four spacings (S1-30 cm x 30 cm, S2-30 cm x 45 cm, S3-45 cm x 45 cm, S4-45 cm x 60 cm) and four nitrogen levels (N0-0 kg, N1-100 kg, N2-150 kg, N3-200 kg N/ha). The treatment S4N3 (45 cm x 60 cm spacing + N 200 kg/ha) recorded the maximum plant spread (2643.24 cm2), number of primary branches per plant (41.90), number of leaves per plant (1013.20), leaf width (3.85 cm), leaf length (6.34 cm) and duration of flowering (64.33 days while the treatment S1 N3 (30 cm x 30 cm spacing + N 200 kg/ha) had the maximum plant height (92.58 cm), flower yield per plot (11.85 kg) and flower yield per ha (182.87 q). Application of nitrogen at different levels and planting geometries significantly influenced the number of days taken for first flower bud appearance and 50 percent flowering with the earliest first flower bud appearance (47.33 days) and 50 percent flowering (64.83 days) at S1 (30 cm x 30 cm spacing), similarly nitrogen at N0 (N 0 kg/ha) had the earliest first flower bud appearance (46.75 days) and 50 per cent flowering (63.25 days), while nitrogen at N3 (200kg/ha)had the latest first flower bud appearance (55.33 days) and 50 per cent flowering (69.42 days).