Anselmo Augusto de Paiva Custódio

Crescimento vegetativo e produtividade do cafeeiro irrigado no sul do Estado de Minas Gerais

The knowledge and management of the principal factors related to production and irrigation is highly important. Irrigation effects on vegetative growth and yield of coffee were evaluated, from initial growth up to five years of production. The experimental design was randomized blocks with 6 treatments and three replications. The water depths applied were based on Class A evaporation pan (ECA), as 60% (T2); 80% (T3); 100% (T4); 120% (T5); and 140% (T6) of ECA, as well as a non irrigated control (T1). The following parameters were evaluated in each season: vegetative variable and the yields obtained during the years 2000/2001, 2001/2002, 2002/2003, 2003/2004 and 2004/2005. Although no statistical differences could be observed in yearly harvests after comparing the total production obtained in each treatment, significant differences were obtained when non irrigated to irrigated plots were compared, especially for the 60% ECA. At this level, the total production was 225.6 bags and the average was 45.12 bags ha-1, 119% larger than the non irrigated plots, where the yield was 22.5 bags ha-1 per year.

Produtividade e rendimento do cafeeiro nas cinco primeiras safras irrigado por pivô central em Lavras, MG

Com a racionalizacao da exploracao agricola a caminho da sustentabilidade e a incorporacao de novas tecnologias pela cafeicultura, tornam-se necessarios o dominio, o conhecimento e o manejo dos principais fatores relacionados a producao, dentre os quais a irrigacao e de fundamental importância. Avaliou-se o efeito da irrigacao na produtividade e no rendimento do cafe da roca em lavoura irrigada por pivo central na regiao de Lavras, MG. O experimento foi conduzido em lavoura cafeeira da cultivar Rubi MG1192, plantada em marco de 1999, com espacamento de 3,5 m entre linhas e 0,8 m entre plantas. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos casualizados, com seis tratamentos e tres repeticoes. As irrigacoes foram realizadas em turnos de rega fixos de 2 e 3 dias (segundas, quartas e sextas-feiras), com base no balanco entre a evaporacao do tanque classe A (ECA) e as precipitacoes, aplicandose a diferenca os porcentuais 0% ECA (T1, nao irrigado), 60% ECA (T2), 80% ECA (T3), 100% ECA (T4), 120% ECA (T5) e 140% ECA (T6). Apos a derrica e homogeneizacao do cafe colhido nas parcelas experimentais, amostras de cafe da roca foram acondicionadas em sacaria de fio de plastico trancado e submetidas a secagem em bancadas de madeira suspensa ao ar livre, ate atingirem umidade entre 11 e 12% com base em peso. Apos a secagem, procedeu-se o beneficiamento (retirada da casca) e pesagem das amostras para estimativa da produtividade e do rendimento. A irrigacao promoveu acrescimo na produtividade dos tratamentos irrigados quando comparada a produtividade da testemunha; mesmo nao havendo diferenca estatistica significativa na comparacao de safras anuais para as irrigacoes nota-se, ao comparar a producao total acumulada das safras, diferenca estatistica entre a testemunha e os tratamentos irrigados. Dentre os tratamentos analisados destacou-se a lâmina de 60% da ECA, com a qual a producao total acumulada foi de 225,6 sc e a media anual de 45,12 sc ha-1, com acrescimo de 119% na produtividade do cafeeiro quando comparada ao tratamento nao irrigado, que produziu, em media, 24 sc ha-1 ano-1. O grau de maturacao, no momento da colheita, influenciou o rendimento dos tratamentos, sendo os frutos nos estadios cereja e seco, os que mais interferiram no rendimento.

Effect of Center-Pivot Irrigation in the Rust and Brown Eye Spot of Coffee

Incidence of rust (caused by Hemileia vastatrix) and brown eye spot (caused by Cercospora coffeicola) of coffee was evaluated for 2 years in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil, in a center-pivot-irrigated coffee crop with different water application levels. Treatments consisted of six water levels of 0 (nonirrigated), 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140% applied according to class A evaporation pan (CAE). Progress of disease was influenced significantly by different water levels; the highest incidence of rust occurred with lower water levels-0 (nonirrigated), 60, and 80% CAE-whereas the lowest incidence was detected with larger water levels: 120 and 140% CAE. There was one peak of rust incidence in August. The highest incidence of brown eye spot occurred with water levels of 100 and 140% CAE and the lowest incidence was found in the nonirrigated treatment. Two incidence peaks occurred in March and June. This study identified that irrigation methods and water levels can decisively affect the epidemiological behavior of diseases and, therefore, their management.

Irrigation management in pruned coffee tree crop

It was evaluated the effect of irrigation management on the production characteristics of coffee cultivar Acaia MG-1474, planted in spacing of 3.00 m x 0.60 m, pruned in 2004, and irrigated by drip since the planting, in 1997. The experimental designed used was of randomized blocks with five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of irrigation management strategies, applying or not applying controlled moisture deficit in layer of 0 to 0.4m, in dry seasons of the year: A = no irrigation (control), B = irrigation during all year considering the factor of water availability in the soil (f) equal to 0.75, C = irrigation during all year considering f = 0.25, D = irrigation during all year, but in January /February /March /July /October /November /December with f = 0.25 and April /May /June /August /September with f = 0.75, E = irrigation only during April /May /June /August /September with f = 0.25. From July /2005 to June /2007 the applied water depth was defined based on Class A pan evaporation (ECA) and the period from July/2007 to June/2008 based on readings of matric potential of soil obtained from Watermark® sensors. Each plot consisted of three rows with ten plants per row, considering as useful plot five plants of center line. The results indicated that the E irrigation management was the most suitable for technical reasons.