Ansgar Beckermann
University of Göttingen
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Archive | 2008
Ansgar Beckermann
This text presents an introduction to the philosophy of mind. It is the first volume in a series of introductions to the various areas of analytical philosophy.
Journal for General Philosophy of Science | 1972
Ansgar Beckermann
ZusammenfassungJ. Habermas hat vor kurzem eine Konsenstheorie der Wahrheit in ihren Grundzügen skizziert, die er ausdrücklich als notwendige Alternative zu der s. E. unhaltbaren realistischen Korrespondenztheorie der Wahrheit versteht. In einer Kritik der Habermasschen Konsenstheorie wird jedoch zu zeigen versucht, daß die Plausibilität dieser Theorie gerade auf der Inanspruchnahme nicht explizit gemachter realistischer Voraussetzungen beruht. Es wird argumentiert, daß sich realistische Prämissen in den Habermasschen Überlegungen ebenso in der Explikation des Begriffs „Konsenstheorie“ nachweisen lassen wie in der Annahme nicht-konventioneller Methoden zur Überprüfung empirischer Aussagen und in der Verwendung des Begriffs Kompetenz ebenso wie in der Theorie der idealen Sprechsituation.
Analyse and Kritik | 1979
Ansgar Beckermann
Abstract For many years some critically engaged German sociologists have challenged Logical Positivism with the criticism that Positivism’s allegedly neutral conception of science in fact supports conservative or even reactionary political movements. This line of criticism is due, at last in part, to the fact that German scientists became acquainted with the positivistic branch of analytical philosophy after World War II almost exclusively through the works of the liberal-conservative K. R. Popper. Popper, however, is by no means representative of all Positivists. There were influential members of the Vienna Circle who saw a direct connection between the aims of the „scientific world view“ and the endeavour to renew the society on the basis of rational, i.e. socialistic, principles. This connection becomes especially clear in the manifesto Wissenschaftliche Weltauffassung − Der Wiener Kreis which was published in 1929 by Carnap, Hahn and Neurath.
Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie | 2014
Hans Julius Schneider; Ansgar Beckermann
Wir kennen Ansgar Beckermann als einen scharfsinnigen Analytiker mit naturalistischen Neigungen. Nun hat er ein Buch mit dem Titel Glaube vorgelegt, dessen Umschlag-Text das Thema und die These bereits klar formuliert: „Was spricht für die Existenz Gottes oder anderer übernatürlicher Kräfte? Nüchtern gesehen nichts.“ Es überrascht uns nicht, dies von ihm zu hören, aber es soll doch gleich erwähnt werden, dass das Buch differenzierter ist und in manchen Teilen mehr Verständnis für die Religion zeigt als z. B. Richard Dawkins’ Gotteswahn, von dessen „auftrumpfender Attitüde“ sich Beckermann distanziert (151). Diese eher nachdenklichen Passagen finden sich in den Kapiteln 1, 2 und 9, die zusammen fast ein Drittel des Umfangs ausmachen. So rechnet der Autor z. B. mit nicht-epistemischen Glaubensgründen und mit Umständen, unter denen es nicht gerechtfertigt ist, den entsprechenden Glauben mit epistemischen Argumenten in Zweifel zu ziehen, etwa deshalb, weil das für eine Vielzahl von Betroffenen gewichtige negative Konsequenzen hätte (33 ff.). Auch auf die Formulierung von Jürgen Habermas vom ‚Bewusstsein von dem, was fehlt‘ (wenn die Religion verschwindet) und auf Herbert Schnädelbachs Rede vom ‚frommen Atheisten‘ kommt er nicht ohne Sympathie zu sprechen (152–153). Die inhaltlich tragenden Kapitel aber sind der Begründung der Hauptthese gewidmet, es gebe keine überzeugenden epistemischen Gründe für die Existenz Gottes: Im Kapitel 3 wird gefragt, ob sich Übernatürliches empirisch belegen lasse, in den Kapiteln 4–6 werden ontologische, kosmologische und teleologische Gottesbeweise erörtert, und es werden in eigenen Kapiteln das Problem des Übels (7) und die Aussagekraft religiöser Erfahrungen (8) besprochen. Beckermanns Ethos der Nüchternheit teile ich, gleichwohl ist mir sein Blickfeld zu eng. Die Art, in der er sich sein Projekt zurechtlegt, erzeugt eine
Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie | 2012
Ansgar Beckermann
Zusammenfassung Julius Schälike: Spielräume und Spuren des Willens. Eine Theorie der Freiheit und der moralischen Verantwortung. Mentis Verlag, Paderborn 2010, 296 S.
Journal for General Philosophy of Science | 1989
Ansgar Beckermann
SummaryIn his paper „Machines and the Mental“ Fred Dretske claims that there is a difference on principle between men on the one and animals and machines on the other side which arises from the fact that men are able to respond to the meaning of symbols whereas animals and machines can only respond to the symbols that have the meaning. In this paper it is argued that this claim does not bear closer scrutiny. Mainly for two reasons: 1. The mere having of a certain meaning does not rank among the possible causal properties of a symbol, not even in the case of men; for it is not the having of the meaning that may have certain effects on the behavior of a person, but the fact that the personassociates this meaning with the symbol. 2. Even animals are capable to associate a meaning with a symbol, i. e. even animals can learn to come to believe thatp if they become aware of a symbol which has the meaning thatp.
Erkenntnis | 1988
Ansgar Beckermann
In this paper the author tries to disentangle some of the problems tied up in John Searles famous Chinese-room-argument. In a first step to answer the question what it would be for a system to have not only syntax, but also semantics the author gives a brief account of the functioning of the language understanding systems (LUS) so far developed in the framework of AI research thereby making clear that systems like Winograds SHRDLU are indeed doing little more than mere number crunching. But things would be entirely different, the author argues, if the database of a LUS were built up by the system itself via some perceptual component-at least, if this perceptual component had the capacity to distinguish objects having a certain property F from objects which do not. For in this case the system could store an internal representation of the fact that the object has the property F in its database if and only if the object in fact has that property. And this would be a good basis for calling such a system a genuine LUS. But Searle has objected to a very similar account of J. Fodor that nothing could be further from true language understanding. The reason for this complaint seems to be that Searle holds the view that a true LUS must e.g., know that the word “hamburgers” refers to hamburgers and that he moreover claims that this knowledge must be explicit or that the system must be aware of the reference of “hamburgers” to hamburgers. The author argues that this is asking too much. For it seems plausible to say that a system is able to understand e.g., the word “hamburger” even if it has only implicit knowledge of the fact that “hamburger” refers to hamburgers in the sense that it has the capacity to tell hamburgers from non hamburgers and the capacity to bring the word “hamburger” together just with objects of the former kind.
german workshop on artificial intelligence | 1985
Ansgar Beckermann
The main question which links philosophy with AI-research already occurs in Descartes: Is it possible to construct machines which have the same intellectual capacities that man has, namely those of thinking and speaking. In my opinion this question can only be answered by AI-research. But even if the answer to this question should be positive, other questions will remain: would such machines have consciousness, subjectivity, intentionality? These questions will have to be answered primarily by the philosopher. For the answers depend to a large extent on the clarification of the involved concepts. Even in this field, however, interdisciplinary cooperation could yield interesting results.
Erkenntnis | 1979
Ansgar Beckermann
In a lecture given at Karlsruhe University in the summer of 1975 von Wright tried to defend his formulation (i) against this alternative view. One could ask however on which occasions when A intends to bring about p he in fact performs the action a. And then one immediately realizes that both formulations are not quite correct if they are taken seriously. Let us first have a look at von Wrights formulation (i) and let us consider for illustration the following example of an intentional explanation :
Philosophy and Phenomenological Research | 1992
Ansgar Beckermann; Hans Flohr; Jaegwon Kim