Antonella Poggi

Linking data to ontologies

Many organizations nowadays face the problem of accessing existing data sources by means of flexible mechanisms that are both powerful and efficient. Ontologies are widely considered as a suitable formal tool for sophisticated data access. The ontology expresses the domain of interest of the information system at a high level of abstraction, and the relationship between data at the sources and instances of concepts and roles in the ontology is expressed by means of mappings. In this paper we present a solution to the problem of designing effective systems for ontology-based data access. Our solution is based on three main ingredients. First, we present a new ontology language, based on Description Logics, that is particularly suited to reason with large amounts of instances. The second ingredient is a novel mapping language that is able to deal with the so-called impedance mismatch problem, i.e., the problem arising from the difference between the basic elements managed by the sources, namely data, and the elements managed by the ontology, namely objects. The third ingredient is the query answering method, that combines reasoning at the level of the ontology with specific mechanisms for both taking into account the mappings and efficiently accessing the data at the sources.

The MASTRO system for ontology-based data access

In this paper we present MASTRO, a Java tool for ontology-based data access (OBDA) developed at Sapienza Universita di Roma and at the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano. MASTRO manages OBDA systems in which the ontology is specified in DL-Lite A,id, a logic of the DL-Lite family of tractable Description Logics specifically tailored to ontology-based data access, and is connected to external JDBC enabled data management systems through semantic mappings that associate SQL queries over the external data to the elements of the ontology. Advanced forms of integrity constraints, which turned out to be very useful in practical applications, are also enabled over the ontologies. Optimized algorithms for answering expressive queries are provided, as well as features for intensional reasoning and consistency checking. MASTRO provides a proprietary API, an OWLAPI compatible interface, and a plugin for the Protege 4 ontology editor. It has been successfully used in several projects carried out in collaboration with important organizations, on which we briefly comment in this paper.

Ontologies and Databases: The DL-Lite Approach

Ontologies provide a conceptualization of a domain of interest. Nowadays, they are typically represented in terms of Description Logics (DLs), and are seen as the key technology used to describe the semantics of information at various sites. The idea of using ontologies as a conceptual view over data repositories is becoming more and more popular, but for it to become widespread in standard applications, it is fundamental that the conceptual layer through which the underlying data layer is accessed does not introduce a significant overhead in dealing with the data. Based on these observations, in recent years a family of DLs, called DL-Lite, has been proposed, which is specifically tailored to capture basic ontology and conceptual data modeling languages, while keeping low complexity of reasoning and of answering complex queries, in particular when the complexity is measured w.r.t. the size of the data. In this article, we present a detailed account of the major results that have been achieved for the DL-Lite family. Specifically, we concentrate on

On database query languages for K-relations

DL-Lite_{\mathcal{A},id}

On Instance-level Update and Erasure in Description Logic Ontologies

, an expressive member of this family, present algorithms for reasoning and query answering over

XML with incomplete information

DL-Lite_{\mathcal{A},id}

Optimizing query rewriting in ontology-based data access

ontologies, and analyze their computational complexity. Such algorithms exploit the distinguishing feature of the logics in the DL-Lite family, namely that ontology reasoning and answering unions of conjunctive queries is first-order rewritable, i.e., it can be delegated to a relational database management system. We analyze also the effect of extending the logic with typical DL constructs, and show that for most such extensions, the nice computational properties of the DL-Lite family are lost. We address then the problem of accessing relational data sources through an ontology, and present a solution to the notorious impedance mismatch between the abstract objects in the ontology and the values appearing in data sources. The solution exploits suitable mappings that create the objects in the ontology from the appropriate values extracted from the data sources. Finally, we discuss the QUONTO system that implements all the above mentioned solutions and is wrapped by the DIG-QUONTO server, thus providing a standard DL reasoner for

Mastro studio: managing ontology-based data access applications

DL-Lite_{\mathcal{A},id}

Complexity and composition of synthesized web services

with extended functionality to access external data sources.

Data integration through DL-LiteA ontologies

Abstract The relational model has recently been extended to so-called K -relations in which tuples are assigned a unique value in a semiring K . A query language, denoted by RA K + , similar to the classical positive relational algebra, allows for the querying of K -relations. In this paper, we define more expressive query languages for K -relations that extend RA K + with the difference and constant annotations operations on annotated tuples. The latter are natural extensions of the duplicate elimination operator of the relational algebra on bags. We investigate conditions on semirings under which these operations can be added to RA K + in a natural way, and establish basic properties of the resulting query languages. Moreover, we show how the provenance semiring of Green et al. can be extended to record provenance of data in the presence of difference and constant annotations. Finally, we investigate the completeness of RA K + and extensions thereof in the sense of Bancilhon and Paredaens.