Antoni Jackowski

Polish pilgrim-tourists.

Abstract Pilgrimage traditions probably predate Christianity in Poland (966 A.D.), and have been shaped by prevailing political, social, and economic conditions, as well as religious belief. International shrines, such as Czestochowa, now attract four to five million visitors per year and are unique even to Christianity; visits to them are primarily undertaken on foot by parish youths and may involve hundreds of kilometers of travel. Because of World War II damage and subsequent Soviet repression, virtually no tourist infrastructure exists. Local residents are, thus, deprived the opportunity of economically benefiting from the pilgrimage tourist phenomenon.

The contriburion of geography to the development of tourism research in Poland.

The Contriburion of Geography to the Development of Tourism Research in Poland The article presents, both chronologically and thematically, the contribution of geography to the development of tourism research. The discussion concerns the situation in Poland but is presented in the context of the development of tourism geography in Europe and globally. The analysis includes only theoretical-methodological research. The output of Polish tourism geography after World War II has been considerable and comprises around 800 publications.

Ostatni przed wojną Zjazd Polskich Geografów w Krakowie Instytut Geograficzny Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 28–29 maja 1939 roku

The last before the war, 8 th Convention of Polish Geography Teachers, the only at that time nationwide forum for the exchange of geographical ideas, took place on 28–29 May 1939 at the Institute of Geography of the Jagiellonian University. The organizer was the Polish Association of Geography Teachers chaired at that time by Professor Stanislaw Pawlowski, the director of the Institute of Geography of the University of Poznan. Each convention had an extensive educational part, and all the events were accompanied by cartographic exhibitions and those featuring teaching aids. The main lecture under the title „Geography and national defence” was delivered by Professor S. Pawlowski. In it, he characterized in a comprehensive way Polish defensive conditions. Another speech at the plenary session concerned Cieszyn Silesia. It was delivered by Dr. Antoni Wrzosek, the deputy director of the Silesian Institute. The remaining part of the Convention was devoted to educational matters. Participants also had the opportunity to visit a specially prepared cartographic exhibition, and that featuring the latest teaching aids. The Convention proceeded in a feverish atmosphere. Preparations for a probable war with Germany were under way everywhere. No one was expecting the attack of Stalin’s army and the occupation of part of the Polish territory by the Soviets. More and more often, patriotic feelings were publicly displayed. For many participants, the Krakow gathering was an occasion to meet friends and colleagues for the last time. Some speeches took on the character of a farewell. Three months later (exactly 94 days), the Second World War II broke out, and several days later Hitler’s aggression was followed by that of Stalin. The war brought martyrdom to a number of the Convention participants, both in German torture chambers and in the Soviet ones.

Early tourism writing at the Jagiellonian University, Kraków (15th c.-mid-17th C.)

Early tourism writing at the Jagiellonian University, Kraków (15th c.-mid-17th C.) The author attempts to outline early tourism writing by professors and graduates from the Kraków Academy (Akademia Krakowska), the majority of which are geographic and cartographic works. Among the authors, Jan Długosz, Wawrzyniec Korwin, Jan z Głogowa, Maciej z Miechowa (Miechowita), Bernard Wapowski and Marcin Kromer should be mentioned.