Antonio Carlos Accetta

Tireoidectomia total nas doenças benignas da tireóide

OBJECTIVE To review the indications for total thyroidectomy as the preferred option in certain benign diseases of the thyroid in order to prevent recurrence or future reoperations. METHODS A retrospective study of patients with benign thyroid diseases, carried out from January 1997 to December 2009, analyzing the data relating to age, surgical treatment and postoperative evolution. RESULTS The mean age was 51.8 years (21/77), with the highest incidence in the fifth and sixth decades of life, with 34 (51.5%) patients. The most common preoperative diagnosis was nontoxic multinodular goiter, of which seven were also intrathoracic, followed by autoimmune thyroiditis; recurrent goiter occurred in 11 cases. Multinodular goiter was found in 37 (56.1%) patients, autoimmune thyroiditis in 22 (33.3%), follicular adenoma isolated in five (7.6%), Hurthle cell adenoma in two (3.0%). Sixteen patients (24.2%) had more than one histopathological diagnosis. Permanent injury of the recurrent nerve was observed in one patient (1.5%). There was no case of permanent hypoparathyroidism. There was no operative mortality. CONCLUSION Total thyroidectomy is an operation that can be safely performed, with low incidence of permanent complications, which allows one to broaden its indications in various benign thyroid diseases, thus avoiding future recurrences and reoperations.

Adenocarcinoma gástrico Borrmann tipo IV: análise dos resultados da ressecção curativa

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the results obtained with curative resection of Borrmann IV gastric adenocarcinoma (B IV) through the analysis of clinical, surgical and pathological data, identifying which of these prognostic factors were associated with survival. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 123 patients with B IV gastric adenocarcinoma undergoing surgical treatment at the Department of the pelvic-abdominal surgeries of the National Cancer Institute (INCA) from January 1997 to December 2005. The group undergoing curative resection was examined for various prognostic factors regarding overall survival. RESULTS Of the 123 patients studied, 68 underwent gastrectomy, 52 (42.3%) with curative intent and 16 (13%) palliative resection, while 55 (44.7%) had disease not subject to resection. Three postoperative deaths followed the curative resection, constituting a mortality rate of 5.76%. In nine (17.3%) patients there were technical complications, and esophagojejunal fistula seven cases, the most frequent. All technical complications and deaths occurred after total gastrectomy, which was the most commonly performed curative resection type in this series. The most common pattern of recurrence was peritoneal carcinomatosis. The location of the tumor, lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion and pathological staging were considered significant prognostic factors. The median survival time was 29 months, with a rate of five-year survival of 33% in patients undergoing curative resection. CONCLUSION The curative resection of B IV gastric adenocarcinoma had a positive impact on survival of patients with the disease in stages IB, II and III, with up to 15 lymph nodes (pN2) and localized type.

Thromboembolism prevention in surgery of digestive cancer

BACKGROUND The venous thromboembolism is a common complication after surgical treatment in general and, in particular, on the therapeutic management on cancer. Surgery of the digestive tract has been reported to induce this complication. Patients with digestive cancer have substantial increased risk of initial or recurrent thromboembolism. AIM To provide to surgeons working in digestive surgery and general surgery guidance on how to make safe thromboprophylaxis for patients requiring operations in the treatment of their gastrointestinal malignancies. METHODS The guideline was based on 15 relevant clinical issues and related to the risk factors, treatment and prognosis of the patient undergoing surgical treatment of cancer on digestive tract. They focused thromboembolic events associated with operations and thromboprophylaxis. The questions were structured using the PICO (Patient, Intervention or Indicator, Comparison and Outcome), allowing strategies to generate evidence on the main primary bases of scientific information (Medline / Pubmed, Embase, Lilacs / Scielo, Cochrane Library, PreMedline via OVID). Evidence manual search was also conducted (BDTD and IBICT). The evidence was recovered from the selected critical evaluation using discriminatory instruments (scores) according to the category of the question: risk, prognosis and therapy (JADAD Randomized Clinical Trials and New Castle Ottawa Scale for studies not randomized). After defining potential studies to support the recommendations, they were selected by the strength of evidence and grade of recommendation according to the classification of Oxford, including the available evidence of greater strength. RESULTS A total of 53,555 papers by title and / or abstract related to issue were found. Of this total were selected (1st selection) 478 studies that were evaluated as full-text. From them to support the recommendations were included in the consensus 132 papers. The 15 questions could be answered with evidence grade of articles with 31 A, 130 B, 1 C and 0 D. CONCLUSION It was possible to prepare safe recommendations as guidance for thromboembolism prophylaxis in operations on the digestive tract malignancies, addressing the most frequent topics of everyday work of digestive and general surgeons.

Hiperaldosteronismo primário: relato de dois casos

The authors present two cases of Primary Hiperaldosteronism, caused by functioning adenoma of the adrenals cortex. The two females patients presented classic symptoms of the Conns disease, especially hypocalemia and hypertension. Both were operated and unilateral adrenalectomy was done, with excelent outcome in one and satisfactory in the other one. It is discussed many aspects related to the incidence, the problems with the diagnosis, indication and surgery treatment.