Antonio Cueto Espinar

Condiciones higiénico-sanitarias de comedores escolares del municipio de Oviedo

BAKCGROUND: To ascertain the health and hygiene-related conditions of school lunchrooms within the municipality of Oviedo by means of conducting a health and hygiene inspection of these facilities. METHOD: A descriptive epidemiological cross-sectional study was made of 24 schools in the municipality of Oviedo, 9 of which were government-subsidized private schools and another 15 of which were public schools, according to information from the Ministry of Education and Science. An inspection was conducted entailing a protocol based on the Public Lunchroom Health and Hygiene Regulations. The variables are the health and hygiene-related conditions of the premises (kitchens, lunchrooms and lavatories), of the utensils, the health of the employees and the conditions of the raw materials and foods. These conditions have been considered to be inadequate or deficient whenever they failed to met the criteria of the protocol in question. RESULTS: The deficiencies found n most of the school lunchrooms inspected were the lack of protection of the lighting components, of window screens to prevent the entry of insects and of soap dispensers which are not hand-operated, disposable paper towels and liquid soap both in kitchens as well as in lavatories. The variables entailed in this study have been compared among public schools and government-subsidized private schools, for which purpose a Student T Test was employed, significant differences having been found to exist between these two types of schools solely in the condition of the kitchens and in the total of the items. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the irregularities found in both the public schools and in the government-subsidized private schools are of an organizational nature and with regard to the facilities stemming from a lack of knowledge of the laws in force. It is deemed advantageous for training in Hygiene to be provided, given the positive attitude shown by those in charge of the schools in question.

Publicidad Y Educación Sanitaria

Health education and advertising have a common aim: to modify human behaviour. Health education tries to induce healthy behaviours. In some occasions Publicity proposes risky behaviours. Ads appearing during a two-month period in magazines of the largest circulation in Spain are analyzed here. A total of 1,726 ads which could have a negative influence on health either because of the product or service offered or for the use of health as a persuasive argument in their text, are considered. The magazines Hola and Lecturas had the highest ratio ads/magazine. Spirits, food and drugs were the most frequently advertised products. And more than 50% of the ads used health and welfare as argument for better selling. Health educators should know and teach the critical analysis of publicity, and use advertisements as a teaching tool to enable people to see through misleading advertising.

Evaluación de la implementación del programa FAPACÁN para prevenir el riesgo conductual de cáncer en usuarios de atención primaria del norte de España

Fundamento: La evaluacion del proceso es condicion imprescindible para medir correctamente el impacto de intervenciones educativas sobre las conductas, sus determinantes psicosociales y el estadio de cambio, en el marco de la promocion de la salud. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la calidad de implementacion del Programa FAPACAN, disenado para prevenir el riesgo conductual de cancer en Atencion Primaria y para mejorar sus determinantes psicosociales en el Modelo A.S.E. y el estadio de cambio segun Prochaska y DiClemente. Metodos: Mediante visita al centro de salud y la cumplimentacion de una lista de comprobacion in situ y mediante una encuesta telefonica a los individuos que formaban la muestra, se midio la calidad de implementacion. Se hallaron medidas de centralizacion y de asociacion (coeficiente de Pearson y de Spearman). Se obtuvo un modelo de regresion multiple con la puntuacion obtenida por el entrevistado (rango de 0 a 8) y las covariables: genero, edad, nivel de estudios, localidad e historia familiar de cancer. Resultados: Las puntuaciones de calidad obtenidas oscilan entre el 72% y el 81% de la calidad optima. Se encontraron diferencias significativas debidas al administrador (mejor cuanto menos anos de ejercicio) y a la persona encuestada (mejor cuanto mayor nivel de estudios). Conclusiones: En conjunto, la calidad de implementacion fue mas que suficiente, a pesar de la escasa facilitacion proporcionada por el sistema sanitario.

Adolescencia en Riesgo: Una Encuesta de Salud Entre Estudiantes de C.O.U.

Resumen El presente trabajo investiga el nivel de educacion para la salud en una muestra representativa de 804 alumnos de C.O.U asturianos, seleccionada aleatoriamente a partir del listado oficial del Ministerio de Education y Ciencia. Se ha utilizado como instrumento de medida un cuestionario de elaboracion propia, construido con variables destinadas a valorar conocimientos, actitudes y conductas en relacion con algunos de los mas importantes factores determinantes de la salud. La encuesta se desarrollo en aulas docentes, en pequeno grupo, garantizando el anonimato. Aunque la mayoria de los alumnos se autopercibe sano o muy sano, los jovenes conviven con importantisimos factores de riesgo: 12% ha tenido mas de 25 borracheras durante el aāo anterior; 43,53% fuma en alguna medida y solo 3,86% identifica los dias de maximo riesgo de embarazoen un ciclo supuesto, si bien 31% mantiene relaciones heterosexuales. Teoricamente, el 92% cita a la salud entre los tres valores importantes de su vida. Tambien estiman que las drogas ilegales son el mas importante problema de salud actual para los adolescentes y joivenes. Hay una cierta contradiction entre la alta importancia teorica concedida a la salud, la buena autocalificacion de la mismay laconstatada convivencia con importantes factores de riesgo. Se podria imputar un cierto fracaso del sistema educativo en la prevention primaria intraescolar.

Análisis de la supervivencia en pacientes con cáncer múltiple, Asturias, 1975-2004

Background. Almost one in ten survivors of cancer suffers a second primary. Some studies try to clarify the causes, but there are few that study the time variable. Our research aim was to describe this variable in multiple cancer (MC) patients and to detect others associated with time without MC and survival. Methods. We performed a descriptive study, and the Kaplan Meyer method and Cox Regression were used to study the patients with MC included in the tumour registry of the reference hospital of Asturias. Results. Time between the first symptom and diagnosis was significantly reduced in the second tumour when compared with the first one (113 to 88 days). Time between the first two tumours (median=2.93 years) and the risk of an earlier second primary was higher in older people (RR=1,03) with: primaries diagnosed in advanced stage (RR=1.55), treated with palliative surgery (RR=2.67) or chemotherapy (RR=1.51); second neoplasm located in the prostate (RR=1.67). 60.9% survived at least 5 years after the first diagnosis and 19.1% after the second. These probabilities decreased with age (RR=1.04) and advanced stages (RR=2.48). Nevertheless, locations with good prognosis (prostate, breast or skin) and almost any treatment with surgery or radiotherapy increase survival. Conclusion. Physicians should be alert to new cancer symptoms in patients with previous neoplasms during the follow-up period to improve early MC diagnosis. Survival in MC patients is acceptable, and it largely depends on the location and stage of the cancer involved, but also upon the strategy of treatment.BACKGROUND Almost one in ten survivors of cancer suffers a second primary. Some studies try to clarify the causes, but there are few that study the time variable. Our research aim was to describe this variable in multiple cancer (MC) patients and to detect others associated with time without MC and survival. METHODS We performed a descriptive study, and the Kaplan Meyer method and Cox Regression were used to study the patients with MC included in the tumour registry of the reference hospital of Asturias. RESULTS Time between the first symptom and diagnosis was significantly reduced in the second tumour when compared with the first one (113 to 88 days). Time between the first two tumours (median=2.93 years) and the risk of an earlier second primary was higher in older people (RR=1.03) with: primaries diagnosed in advanced stage (RR=1.55), treated with palliative surgery (RR=2.67) or chemotherapy (RR=1.51); second neoplasm located in the prostate (RR=1.67). 60.9% survived at least 5 years after the first diagnosis and 19.1% after the second. These probabilities decreased with age (RR=1.04) and advanced stages (RR=2.48). Nevertheless, locations with good prognosis (prostate, breast or skin) and almost any treatment with surgery or radiotherapy increase survival. CONCLUSION Physicians should be alert to new cancer symptoms in patients with previous neoplasms during the follow-up period to improve early MC diagnosis. Survival in MC patients is acceptable, and it largely depends on the location and stage of the cancer involved, but also upon the strategy of treatment.

El cuenid como técnica de educación sanitaria en escolares

Resumen La educacion sanitaria es necesario iniciarla lo mas precozmente posible. El objetivo del presente estudio es la demostracion de que es factible su aplicacion en etapas tempranas de la vida, incorporando el cuento psicodrama a ella como una herramienta que puede ser mas util que la explicacion en clase. Para ello se realizo un estudio de intervencion sobre los ninos de primer curso de EGB de cuatro colegios, dos de Granada capital (ambiente urbano) y dos de municipios en sus proximidades (ambiente periurbano), que fueron aleatorizados en dos grupos que recibieron una explicacion en clase o se les represento un cuento psicodrama sobre un tema de educacion sanitaria acerca de cuidados con animales domesticos. La evaluacion se realizo mediante un cuestionario sencillo de 15 preguntas a responder si o no, que tambien se paso antes de la intervencion. Tanto la explicacion en clase como el cuento alcanzaron sustanciales mejoras en las respuestas dadas por los ninos. El cuento se mostro muy superior a la explicacion en clase, pues se alcanzaron diferencias significativas con el metodo anterior en ocho de las preguntas que fueron evaluadas. Se concluye que la educacion sanitaria es muy factible a esas edades y que el cuento puede ser una herramienta mas eficaz que la explicacion en clase.