Antonio Gonçalves de Oliveira Filho

Analgesia pós-operatória

JUSTIFICATIVAS E OBJETIVOS: A dor sempre foi uma das maiores preocupacoes do homem, entretanto, apesar dos progressos da ciencia, ainda existem varias barreiras ao seu adequado tratamento, incluindo a falta de conhecimento por parte da equipe medica, sobre o mecanismo das diversas drogas e tecnicas empregadas. O objetivo deste trabalho e abordar as principais drogas e tecnicas empregadas no controle da dor pos-operatoria, visando estimular o interesse sobre o assunto bem como aumentar a eficacia do tratamento dado aos pacientes. CONTEUDO: Esta ressaltada neste artigo, a importância da adequada analgesia pos-operatoria, considerando as principais drogas e tecnicas utilizadas no controle da dor, seus mecanismos de acao, posologias, vias de administracao e efeitos colaterais, bem como a importância da integracao de toda a equipe envolvida nos cuidados do paciente para o sucesso do tratamento. O tratamento inadequado da dor no pos-operatorio nao se justifica, pois ha um arsenal consideravel de drogas e tecnicas analgesicas. O que se faz necessario, portanto, e que toda equipe, anestesistas, cirurgioes, e enfermeiros tenham conhecimento e estejam integrados na utilizacao deste arsenal.

Cross-sectional study comparing different therapeutic modalities for cystic lymphangiomas in children.

OBJECTIVE: Here, we describe our experience with different therapeutic modalities used to treat cystic lymphangiomas in children in our hospital, including single therapy with OK-432, bleomycin and surgery, and a combination of the three modalities. METHODS: We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional study including patients treated from 1998 to 2011. The effects on macrocystic lymphangiomas and adverse reactions were evaluated. Twenty-nine children with cystic lymphangiomas without any previous treatment were included. Under general anesthesia, patients given sclerosing agents underwent puncture of the lesion (guided by ultrasound when necessary) and complete aspiration of the intralesional liquid. The patients were evaluated with ultrasound and clinical examinations for a maximum follow-up time of 4 years. RESULTS: The proportions of patients considered cured after the first therapeutic approach were 44% in the surgery group, 29% in the bleomycin group and 31% in the OK-432 group. These proportions were not significantly different. Sequential treatment increased the rates of curative results to 71%, 74% and 44%, respectively, after the final treatment, which in our case was approximately 1.5 applications per patient. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that most patients with cystic lymphangiomas do not show complete resolution after the initial therapy, regardless of whether the therapy is surgical or involves the use of sclerosing agents. To achieve complete resolution of the lesions, either multiple operations or a combination of surgery and sclerotherapy must be used and should be tailored to the characteristics of each patient.

Does staged closure have a worse prognosis in gastroschisis

INTRODUCTION: Correction of gastroschisis can be accomplished by primary or staged closure. There is, however, no consensus regarding the best approach or criteria to favor one method over the other has been established. OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcome of primary and staged closure in newborns with gastroschisis using intravesical pressure (IVP) as the decision criterion. PATIENTS & METHODS: We prospectively analyzed 45 newborns with gastroschisis. An IVP with a threshold of 20 cm H2O was used to indicate primary or staged closure, and the outcomes between the two methods were compared. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Newborns in whom primary closure was feasible were born at a lower gestational age. There was no significant difference in the frequency of complications, time to begin oral feeding, length of parenteral nutrition or length of hospital stay. Compared with previous reports, our data showed higher rates of prenatal diagnosis and cesarean delivery, a lower average birth weight, a higher rate of small gestational age babies and a more frequent association with intestinal atresia. Conversely, our data showed a lower rate of postoperative necrotizing enterocolitis and a lower average length of hospital stay. CONCLUSION: No significant difference was observed in the outcome of newborns who underwent primary closure or staged closure of gastroschisis when using an IVP below 20 cm H2O as the criterion for primary closure.

Genitoplastia feminizante e hiperplasia congênita das adrenais: análise dos resultados anatômicos

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the anatomical and cosmetic results of feminizing genitoplasty in girls with ambiguous genitalia due to Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH). CASUISTIC AND METHOD Twenty-seven females with genital ambiguity (Prader III-V) due to CAH underwent an one-stage feminizing genitoplasty and were followed for a mean time of 4 years. In twelve girls, two cutaneous labioscrotal island-flaps were associated with the conventional genitoplasty, to decrease the excess of labia majora and to enlarge the vaginal introitus. Urinary tract infections were observed in sixteen girls in the preoperative and in only seven in the postoperative period. The cosmetic results were obtained by the systematic anatomical evaluation of the different structures that compose the genitalia. RESULTS The results of clitoroplasty were considered good in 63% of the cases; however, 4 girls developed clitoral atrophy. An excess of labia majora was present in 25% and persistence of the urogenital sinus occurred in 11% (three children without labioscrotal island flap). The labioscrotal island flap was considered technically feasible and reproducible. Five girls had to be re-operated. The cosmetic results were considered excellent or good in 63% of the cases, satisfactory in 18.5% and unsatisfactory or bad in 18.5%. CONCLUSIONS The anatomical and cosmetic results were good in majority of the cases; however, some technical aspects should be adjusted, to avoid irreversible sequels and re-operations.

Antegrade pressure measurement of urinary tract in children with persistent hydronephrosis

INTRODUCTION Dilation of urinary tract occurs without the presence of obstruction. Diagnostic methods that depend on renal function may elicit mistaken diagnosis. Whitaker (1973) proposed the evaluation of urinary tract pressure submitted to constant flow. Other investigators proposed perfusion of renal pelvis under controlled pressure, making the method more physiological and reproducible. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the results of the anterograde pressure measurement (APM) of the urinary tract of children with persistent hydronephrosis after surgery suspected to present persistent obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Along 12 years, 26 renal units with persistent hydronephrosis after surgery (12 PUJ and 14 VUJ) were submitted to evaluation of the renal tract pressure in order to decide the form of treatment. Previous radionuclide scans with DTPA, intravenous pyelographies and ultrasounds were considered undetermined in relation to obstruction in 10 occasions and obstructive in 16. APM was performed under radioscopy through renal pelvis puncture or previous stoma. Saline with methylene blue + iodine contrast was infused under constant pressure of 40 cm H2O to fill the urinary system. The ureteral opening pressure was measured following the opening of the system and stabilization of the water column. RESULTS Among the 10 cases with undetermined previous diagnosis, APM was considered non-obstructive in two and those were treated clinically and eight were considered obstructive and were submitted to surgery. Among the 16 cases previously classified as obstructive, nine confirmed obstruction and were submitted to surgery. Seven cases were considered non-obstructive, and were treated clinically, with stable DMSA and hydronephrosis. CONCLUSIONS APM avoided unnecessary surgery in one third of the cases and was important to treatment decision in 100 %. We believe that this simple test is an excellent diagnostic tool when selectively applied mainly in the presence of functional deficit.

Validação de checklist cirúrgico para prevenção de infecção de sítio cirúrgico

Objective: To design and validate a surgical checklist to improve patient safety and prevent surgical site infection. Methods: This quantitative study was carried out to validate an instrument created and used for surgical safety. Seven experts validated the instrument. For agreement among experts, was used Kendall’s concordance coefficient; if their opinions differed significantly, the Cochran’s test was adopted. An instrument is validated when concordance among experts is achieved and its clarity is significant. Results: In the first assessment of the instrument, Kendall’s concordance coefficients were 0.230 in terms of pertinence and 0.390 for clarity. These results cauded a reformulation in the checklist. After reformulation, an absolute concordance was achieved for pertinence and no significant difference was seen in terms of clarity. After instrument validation, was created an information system to input data collected. Conclusion: The instrument was validated. It can help improve patient safety and prevent surgical site infection. Descritores Enfermagem de centro cirurgico; Enfermagem perioperatoria; Servico hospitalar de enfermagem; Infeccao de ferida operatoria; Seguranca do paciente

Uso da laparoscopia no manejo das complicações relacionadas ao cateter de diálise peritoneal

Peritoneal dialysis is a good and safe method to handle end-stage renal diseases while waiting arteriovenous fistula for hemodalysis or a renal transplantation. However, there are some catheter related complications such as obstruction and peritonitis. Those complications are usually treated by laparotomy, but with the increasing use of the minimally invasive surgery, laparoscopy became a therapeutic option. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the open vs. the laparoscopic approach in the management of the related catheter complications of peritoneal dialysis. Twenty patients developed 35 catheter related events treated surgically (obstruction 60%, peritonitis 34,3% and tunnel infection in 5,7%). The open procedure was used 22 times and the laparoscopic 13. Through laparoscopy, it was possible to remove the obstruction and keep the catheter in 80%, while when the open approach was used 100% had to be replaced or removed. Peritoneal dyalysis was restarted later in the open method. Our data suggest that laparoscopy is an effective and safe method for the management of the catheter related complications of peritoneal dialysis, allowing direct visualization and manipulation of the peritoneal cavity and decreasing of the time span until resuming full utilization of the cateter.

Fístula arteriovenosa em crianças e adultos jovens

BACKGROUND: Since the development of operative techniques for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation, chronic hemodialysis for treatment of end-stage renal disease in children and young adults became an actual therapeutic option, obviating the need for external shunts. PURPOSE: To report our experience with surgically created AVF in 31 patients, aged 5 to 24 years old, relating long-term fistula patency with risk factors such as arterial hypertension, previous thrombosis events, tendency to hypovolemy, hypercholesterolemy, vein caliber and routine use of the fistula. RESULTS: Overall rate of fistula thrombosis was 22,8%, being 25% in patients weighing less than 20kg and 22,2% in those over 20kg. All fistulas performed on proximal arm veins were patent after 5 to 32 months follow-up. Unused AV fistulas apparently had an increased risk of thrombosis when compared to fistulas routinelly used for hemodialysis access. None of the remainy risk factors studied showed estatistical association with loss of patency. CONCLUSION: AV fistulas can be safely performed in children with success rate comparable to those observed in older patients. Vein caliber and routine use of the fistula appears to have a strong influence on long term patency.