António Rosado

The relationship between athletic identity and career decisions in athletes.

The present study examined the association between athletic identity, career decision-making self-efficacy, future time attitude, gender, and age to explore the process of future career selection in athletes. The sample was composed of 153 athletes, and variables were measured using the Athletic Identity Measurement Scale–plus, the Career-Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale–Short Form, and the Time Attitude Scale. Results show that athletes with higher athletic identity have higher levels of career-decision-making self-efficacy and higher levels of optimism regarding the future. Furthermore, athletes with higher athletic identity are more likely intend to choose a sport-related profession in the future.

Examining the validity of the Athlete Engagement Questionnaire (AEQ) in a Portuguese sport setting

La literatura en psicologia del deporte sugiere que la comprension de los niveles de compromiso en la actividad deportiva es importante para la promocion de entornos deportivos positivos entre los atletas. El objetivo del estudio consiste en verificar las propiedades psicometricas del Athlete Engagement Questionnaire entre los atletas portugueses. Trabajamos dos muestras distintas de los atletas portugueses con niveles competitivos diferentes, los resultados del analisis factorial confirmatorio han demostrado un buen ajuste del modelo a los datos. El analisis de las propiedades psicometricas ha indicado que todos los factores tienen una buena consistencia interna, asi como buena validez convergente y validez discriminante. Ademas, el analisis multi-grupos muestra que el modelo es estable en dos muestras independientes, proporcionando evidencia de la validez cruzada. Las implicaciones de estos resultados para los academicos y entrenadores fueron discutidas, siendo igualmente planteadas propuestas para estudios futuros.

Relação entre as competências de diagnóstico de erros das habilidades técnicas e a prescrição pedagógica no voleibol

O estudo teve por objetivo analisar as relacoes entre as competencias de diagnostico e de prescricao pedagogica referentes a habilidades tecnicas no voleibol. Participaram no estudo 24 professores de educacao fisica, dos quais 12 sem especializacao e 12 com especializacao em voleibol. Definiram-se 29 indicadores de eficiencia e aplicou-se uma prova-video, seguida de entrevista estruturada para a avaliacao das competencias de diagnostico e de prescricao. Estabeleceu-se a relacao entre os indicadores de eficiencia a partir da analise das correlacoes e da analise fatorial de componentes principais, para determinar os principais fatores de relacao entre as competencias de diagnostico e de prescricao. Os resultados demostraram que existe uma relacao positiva e significativa entre as competencias de diagn ostico e de prescricao para a totalidade da amostra, sendo mais forte no grupo dos especialistas. Para o grupo de nao-especialistas verificou-se a existencia de dois fatores ao nivel das competencias de diagnostico e de prescricao: um fator geral e um de causalidade. A analise em relacao a totalidade da amostra revelou uma associacao global entre variaveis, exceto na deteccao das causas dos erros para os nao-especialistas

Personal and Social Responsibility Among Athletes: The Role of Self-Determination, Achievement Goals and Engagement

Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between motivation, engagement and personal and social responsibility among athletes. Based on the literature, a survey was conducted including measures of motivation, considering task orientation and ego orientation, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and amotivation. We also measured the components of engagement (dedication, confidence, vigor and enthusiasm) and the components of personal and social responsibility. A total of 517 athletes from different types of sports participated in the study. The results gathered through a structural equation model revealed that task orientation had the strongest relationship with personal responsibility and social responsibility, followed by engagement. Self-determination levels were not associated with personal and social responsibility. These results suggest that monitoring of task orientation and engagement levels should be performed by coaches as a strategy to develop personal and social responsibility among their athletes. Moreover, findings from this study provide scholars with a tool to aid them in managing athletes’ levels of personal and social responsibility.

Adaptation of the athletic identity measurement scale (AIMS-Plus) for the portuguese population

Athletic Identity may be defined as being the degree of importance, strength and exclusivity that is attached to the athletes role which is maintained by him/herself and his/her context (Cieslak, 2004). In this study, using a confirmatory factor analysis, the measure of Athletic Identity (AIMS-plus) was examined. A total of 650 athletes completed the AIMS-plus. The psychometric features of the original scale were replicated to the Portuguese population. Validity and reliability were positive. AIMS-plus and AIMS were high correlated suggesting that both scales derive from similar athletic identity concepts. These results suggest that AIMS-plus seems to be an acceptable psychometric instrument and a good measure to be explored in research and intervention for athletic identity. Its also recommended further studies of the psychometric characteristics.

Analysis of the Coach’s Behavior in Relation to Effective and NonEffective Players in Basketball

The present study’s objective was to analyze the Portuguese Basketball coaches’ behavior in relation to players’ status (effective and noneffective). Twenty two male basketball teams participated. The teams belonged to the National Basketball League of the 1st and 2nd division (16 teams). The sample consisted of junior and senior players (N=199). We used an observational category system called “Observation System of the Coach’s Behavior” (O. S. C. B.). 92 sessions were filmed in audio and video register. The recordings had duration between 90 and 120 minutes. The procedure used for data collection in this study was time duration recording and event recording. The reliability of the observations was assured by the inter-observer and intra-observerś agreement, within a 15-day interval. The results showed that coaches’ behaviors are differentiated in accordance to the athlete’s status. There were four categories where significant differences existed, the average value being superior in the effective players. The coaches observed more, corrected more and interacted more with the effective players. Effective players received, also, more positive evaluations. We concluded that the coaches have not the same behavior with all members of the team, differentiating in accordance to their game capacities.

Relação entre inteligência emocional, satisfação com a vida e prática desportiva

Resumen pt: Este estudo tem por objectivo verificar a existencia de diferencas entre grupos de praticantes, de idade e de genero na inteligencia emocional e na satis...

Psychometric properties of the Burnout Inventory for Referees

The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Burnout Inventory for Referees (BIR) in Portuguese in a sample of professional soccer referees and to explore the nomological validity of the inventory through concurrent validation. The analysis showed a factorial structure of burnout for the referees with one second order factor and three first order factors; physical and emotional exhaustion, reduced sense of accomplishment and sport devaluation. A cross-validation procedure showed that the factor structure was replicable, and the inventory demonstrated internal reliability as well as convergent and discriminant validity. In addition, the study assessed the concurrent validity of the inventory by examining the correlation between the scores of the Burnout Inventory for Referees and the scores of the Profile of Mood States (POMS). The subscales of burnout and total burnout were positively correlated with tension, depression, anger, fatigue and confusion and negatively with vigor, as expected. In conclusion, the Portuguese version of BIR presents good evidence of validity and reliability in the assessment of referees who may be at risk of suffering from burnout.

Bullying in youth sport training: A nationwide exploratory and descriptive research in Portugal

Abstract We describe and analyse the incidence and nature of bullying behaviours in male adolescent athletes (n = 1458), from 9 different sports, and 97 sport clubs, across Portugal. We collected information about the prevalence of roles in bullying, types of bullying, the frequency and duration of episodes, the location and activities in which they occur, the number of athletes involved, the feelings of those involved, communication of victims and bullies about their involvement in bullying episodes, the reasons ascribed, coping strategies and victim support sources. Altogether about 10% of athletes reported having been victimized, 11% participated in bullying episodes as bullies, and 35% as bystanders. Bullying episodes were usually characterized by low frequency and low duration and were most frequently verbal bullying inside the sport club. However, when episodes became repeated and with long duration,this tended to generalize to multiple types of bullying (especially verbal and social) and multiple places where episodes occurred, in sport clubs and also in competition. We conclude that bullying in youth sport training is an important topic; there is a need for both prevention and early broadly based intervention which involves coaches, peers and family.

Determinants of feedback retention in soccer players

Abstract This study analyzed soccer players’ retention of coaches’ feedback during training sessions. We intended to determine if the retention of information was influenced by the athletes’ personal characteristic (age, gender and the sports level), the quantity of information included in coach’s feedback (the number of ideas and redundancy), athletes’ perception of the relevance of the feedback information and athletes’ motivation as well as the attention level. The study that was conducted over the course of 18 sessions of soccer practice, involved 12 coaches (8 males, 4 females) and 342 athletes (246 males, 96 females), aged between 10 and 18 years old. All coach and athlete interventions were transposed to a written protocol and submitted to content analysis. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression were calculated. The results showed that a substantial part of the information was not retained by the athletes; in 65.5% of cases, athletes experienced difficulty in completely reproducing the ideas of the coaches and, on average, the value of feedback retention was 57.0%. Six variables with a statistically significant value were found: gender, the athletes’ sports level, redundancy, the number of transmitted ideas, athletes’ perception of the relevance of the feedback information and the athletes’ motivation level.