Antonio Villarino Marín

Effects of alcohol-free beer on lipid profile and parameters of oxidative stress and inflammation in elderly women

OBJECTIVE We assessed the influence of alcohol-free beer on factors implicated in atherosclerosis, such as lipid profile, oxidative stress parameters, and proinflammatory cytokines, in postmenopausal women, a population particularly at risk for atherosclerotic disease. METHODS The study was carried out in 29 nuns, 58 to 73 y old, who live in a convent with a disciplined, regular, and homogeneous lifestyle. The nuns maintained their habits and diet routine, but their meals were supplemented with 500 mL/d of alcohol-free beer (0.0%) divided into two doses over a 45-d period. Lipid profile, inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein, interleukins 1 and 6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and parameters of oxidative metabolism were determined before and after the study period. RESULTS There were no differences in the levels of C-reactive protein and proinflammatory cytokines after diet supplementation. The antibody titers to oxidized low-density lipoprotein were significant lower (P < 0.05), and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (-18%, P < 0.001) and plasma carbonyl group content (-21%, P < 0.001) were decreased when compared with initial values. Increases in alpha-tocopherol levels (+9%, P < 0.05) and erythrocytic glutathione levels (+29%, P < 0.001) were also noted. With respect to lipid profile, only subjects with cholesterol levels higher than 240 mg/dL showed lower levels after supplementation. CONCLUSION Consumption of non-alcoholic beer produces a decrease in oxidative stress that can have a beneficial impact on cardiovascular risk; however, the circulating concentrations of inflammatory mediators involved in its pathophysiology remained unchanged.

Eating habits and preferences among the student population of the Complutense University of Madrid

Objective: Studying eating habits can aid in the design of specific measures that reduce the negative effects of an unhealthy diet on health. In this context, the aim of the present study was to examine the eating habits and food preferences of students and their level of satisfaction with the catering services of the university. Design: Survey conducted during 2011 using a questionnaire that asked participants abut their sex, age and frequency of use of catering services placed on campus. Participants were also asked about their level of satisfaction with five aspects (hygiene, quality, taste of food, price and convenience of facilities) of the university catering services, what their preferred dishes were and whether they followed a special diet. Setting: Complutense University of Madrid, Spain. Subjects: Nine hundred and sixty-four students (381 males; 583 females). Results: The students used the university food service 2·3 (SD 1·3) times/week. With respect to satisfaction level, 44·1 % gave an average score (3) to the combination of surveyed aspects (hygiene, quality, taste of food, price and comfort of the dining rooms). Regarding food choices, 61·0 % of students preferred pasta dishes, followed by meat (59·1 %) and salads (32·5 %). The least popular dishes were vegetables (16·8 %), fruits (13·6 %), milk products (12·2 %) and legumes (9·8 %). Of the students, 20·1 % followed special diets. Conclusions: The degree of satisfaction with the university meal service was low and the most common choices of dishes and foods among students were far from the guidelines of the Mediterranean diet. It is necessary to extend policies related to diet to this sector of the population and also to the management and food offer of university canteens.OBJECTIVE Studying eating habits can aid in the design of specific measures that reduce the negative effects of an unhealthy diet on health. In this context, the aim of the present study was to examine the eating habits and food preferences of students and their level of satisfaction with the catering services of the university. DESIGN Survey conducted during 2011 using a questionnaire that asked participants abut their sex, age and frequency of use of catering services placed on campus. Participants were also asked about their level of satisfaction with five aspects (hygiene, quality, taste of food, price and convenience of facilities) of the university catering services, what their preferred dishes were and whether they followed a special diet. SETTING Complutense University of Madrid, Spain. SUBJECTS Nine hundred and sixty-four students (381 males; 583 females). RESULTS The students used the university food service 2·3 (sd 1·3) times/week. With respect to satisfaction level, 44·1 % gave an average score (3) to the combination of surveyed aspects (hygiene, quality, taste of food, price and comfort of the dining rooms). Regarding food choices, 61·0 % of students preferred pasta dishes, followed by meat (59·1 %) and salads (32·5 %). The least popular dishes were vegetables (16·8 %), fruits (13·6 %), milk products (12·2 %) and legumes (9·8 %). Of the students, 20·1 % followed special diets. CONCLUSIONS The degree of satisfaction with the university meal service was low and the most common choices of dishes and foods among students were far from the guidelines of the Mediterranean diet. It is necessary to extend policies related to diet to this sector of the population and also to the management and food offer of university canteens.

Análisis nutricional de 25 pacientes con trasplante de corazón

Fundamento y objetivo En los pacientes quirurgicos la desnutricion puede ser de gran importancia. Ademas, el tratamiento inmunodepresor que reciben los receptores de trasplante puede originar una serie de alteraciones nutricionales y metabolicas. El objetivo de este trabajo es obtener informacion sobre el estado nutricional del paciente con trasplante cardiaco valorando distintos parametros bioquimicos y antropometricos. Pacientes y metodo Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo de tipo descriptivo y transversal. Se utilizaron las historias clinicas de los pacientes que habian recibido un trasplante cardiaco durante 2004-2005. Se midieron parametros bioquimicos y antropometricos en el preoperatorio, al alta de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, al alta hospitalaria y al ano. Resultados Hubo una disminucion de los valores referidos al alta hospitalaria: un 88% para la albumina, un 68% para creatinina, un 92% para proteinas y un 64% para el indice de masa corporal. En cambio, al ano del alta se observo un aumento significativo del indice de masa corporal (60%). Un 36% de los pacientes presentaba valores elevados de trigliceridos, tanto al mes como al ano del alta hospitalaria; el porcentaje fue de un 32% en el caso de la glucosa y entre un 52 y un 24% para el colesterol, respectivamente Conclusiones En el estado nutricional del paciente con trasplante cardiaco se observa en el momento del alta hospitalaria una tendencia al deterioro, que se prolonga hasta el ano. Al ano del alta hospitalaria aumentan la obesidad y ciertos parametros relacionados con el riesgo cardiovascular. Una vez mas, se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de una educacion nutricional que conduzca a la disminucion de posibles complicaciones, teniendo en cuenta la medicacion prescrita.

Prevalence of the Metabolically Healthy Phenotype in Overweight and Obese Spanish Adults

The EPINUT research group (reference 920325) at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid conducts research into the links between obesity and cardiovascular risk in Spain, in partnership with Arkopharma Pharmaceutical laboratories and the Spanish Society of Dietetics and Food Sciences (Sociedad Española de Dietética y Alimentación [SEDCA]). Here we present preliminary data on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome components and the ‘‘metabolically healthy’’ phenotype in a large population of adults with overweight or obesity. Cross-sectional data were collected from 7972 study participants (6683 women and 1289 men) with a body mass index (BMI) 25. Participants were aged 18 to 74 years and were recruited by Arkopharma dieticians during consultations at 137 locations distributed across 47 of the 50 Spanish provinces. Recruitment took place between January 15, 2013 and February 15, 2014, and the study population represents 85.50% of patients treated in this period. The study was conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. For each participant, measurements were taken of body height (cm), body mass (kg), and waist circumference (cm), and BMI (body mass in kg divided by the square of body height in m) and the waist-to-height ratio were calculated. Hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hypercholesterolemia were assessed from blood pressure, serum glucose, and serum cholesterol recordings according to International Diabetes Federation criteria. Participants were also considered to have these metabolic syndrome components if they were taking specific medication to control them. Participants with normal values for these parameters were considered metabolically healthy. Study participants were classified according to age (18-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, and 65-74 years) and BMI range (overweight: BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m; grade-1 obesity: BMI 30.034.9 kg/m; grade-2 obesity: BMI 35.0-39.9 kg/m; grade-3 obesity: BMI > 39.9 kg/m). Between-category comparisons were made with Student’s t test and the ANOVA and chi-square tests, using SPSSv.21.0. Within the study population, 50.1% of men and 42.5% of women were hypertensive ( 130/85 mmHg). The figures were similar for hypercholesterolemia, which affected 47.3% of men (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dL) and 42.3% of women (highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol < 50 mg/dL). Elevated fasting glucose ( 100 mg/dL) was recorded in 25.5% of men and 20% of women. For all 3 of these metabolic syndrome components, differences were statistically significant (P < .001) between the youngest participants (18-24 years) and the oldest (65-74 years). The prevalence of the metabolically healthy phenotype declined significantly with obesity grade (P < .001) and was higher for women in all BMI categories (P < .001) (Table 1). The overall proportion of metabolically healthy obese participants (31.7%) was similar to that reported in a series of 11 520 Spanish adults (28.9%). Among male participants, 27.1% had only 1 metabolic syndrome component, 17.5% had 2, and 7.4% had all 3 (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperglycemia). A lower proportion of women had metabolic-syndrome components (P < .05): 24.9% had 1 component, 12.5% had 2, and 4.7% had all 3. Table 2 shows the relationship between the number of metabolic syndrome components and age category. The proportion of metabolically healthy participants declined with age, and the decline was particularly notable from the age of 45 years. The instability of healthy obesity was highlighted by an 11-year study of 1051 participants aged 18 to 65 years in Pizarra (Málaga, Spain), which showed the importance of considering how long an individual has been overweight. Further important information came from a 20-year study of 2561 adults in the UK aged 19 to 62 years; by the end of the study, half of the obese participants who initially had no other risk factors had developed a metabolic Rev Esp Cardiol. 2016;69(2):216–228