Antonio Vitor de Abreu

Maternal malnutrition during lactation reduces skull growth in weaned rat pups: Experimental and morphometric investigation

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of maternal protein and energy restriction during lactation on the bodyweight and skull dimensions of pups at weaning. At parturition, Wistar rat dams were randomly assigned to the following groups: (i) control group (C), free access to a standard laboratory diet containing 23% protein; (ii) protein-energy-restricted group (PER), free access to an isoenergetic, protein-restricted diet containing 8% protein; and (iii) energy-restricted group (ER), restricted amounts of a standard laboratory diet. The dimensions of excised pup skulls were measured directly using pre-established anatomical points. Morphometrical analysis of the skulls showed that most of the measurements in the ER and PER groups were significantly lower than in the control group, with the greatest reductions occurring in the PER group. These results show that protein and energy restriction during lactation have an important influence on pup skull development.

Avaliação clínico-radiográfica da mobilidade da lordose lombar

The objective of this paper was to establish a normal standard for the values of angles for lumbar lordosis, to determine the clinical and radiological mobility in the sagittal (flexion-extension) of the lumbar spine and to test the strength of abdominal muscles in individuals of both genders and three different age brackets. METHODS: 150 individuals who had no pain complaints or vertebral deformities were evaluated, all of them chosen at random. The participants were divided into three groups of 50 individuals according to the age bracket I) 0 to 20; II) 21 to 40, and III) 41 to 60 in a total of 79 males and 71 females. All of them were submitted to radiographic exams of the lumbar spine in orthostatism, in profile, with the trunk in maximum flexion and in the neutral position. The research subjects were also evaluated for their capacity of performing abdominal exercises with extended and flectioned lower limbs in order to investigate the performance of lordogenic and anti-lordogenic muscles, respectively. On the X-rays, the following angles were measured: a) between the top of L1 and the top of L5; b) top of L1 and base of L5; c) top of L1 and top of S1; d) base of L5 and top of S1 (angle of the lumbosacral joint) and e) top of L5 and base of L5 (wedging of de L5). RESULTS: In the three groups, the mean results for angles a, b and c were, respectively, 37°, 44°, and 57° in neutral position, and -1°, 6°, and 11° in maximum flexion. In group I, the means were 33.3°, 42°, and 56.7°, in neutral position, and -18.8°, -12.4°, and -12.4° in maximum flexion; in group II, they were 36.1°, 42.9°, and 55,9° in neutral position, and 4.2°, 10.6°, and 18.1° in maximum flexion, and in group III, 41.2°, 48°, and 58.2°, in neutral position, and 12.6°, 18.5°, and 26.5° in maximum flexion. For the lumbosacral joint angle, means were 14.6°, 12.2°, and 10.1° in neutral position, and 1.4°, 7.5°, and 7.9° in maximum flexion for groups I, II, and III, respectively. The mean of the wedging angle of L5 was of 8.6°, 7.6°, and 4.4° in neutral position, and 5.9°, 6.1°, and 3.6° in flexion, for groups I, II, and III, respectively. Abdominal exercise with extended lower limbs was performed by 100% of the individuals in group I, 70% in II, and 48% in III; and with flectioned lower limbs it was performed by 96% in group I, 46% in II, and 16% in III. CONCLUSION: Increase in age is followed by a concomitant decrease in the flexion mobility of the lumbosacral spine and of the strength in abdominal muscles.

Effects of Protein and Energy Restricted Diet During Lactation Leads to Persistent Morphological Changes on Tibia Growth in the Weaned Pups

Los objetivos de este estudio fueron evaluar los efectos de la restriccion materna de proteinas y de energia durante la lactancia y sus efectos en el peso corporal y las dimensiones de las tibias de crias en ratas. En el parto, las crias de ratas Wistar fueron agrupadas aleatoriamente en los grupos siguientes: 1) grupo control (C) - con acceso libre a una dieta estandar del laboratorio, que contenia 23% de proteinas; 2) grupo con restriccion de proteinas y energia (PR) - acceso libre a una dieta isoenergetica, con restriccion de proteinas, conteniendo un 8% de estas y 3) grupo con restriccion de energia, alimentado con restriccion en la cantidad de alimento de la dieta estandar del laboratorio (ER). Al destete, todas las crias fueron separadas y recibieron la dieta estandar del laboratorio, conteniendo 23% de proteinas, hasta los 180 dias, cuando fueron anestesiadas y sacrificadas. El analisis morfometrico de la tibia demostro que la mayoria de las mediciones en los grupos ER y PR, fueron significativamente menores que las del grupo control, con mayores reducciones en el grupo PR. Estos resultados muestran que las restricciones de energia y proteinas durante la lactancia tienen una influencia importante en el desarrollo de la tibia de las crias

Tratamento cirúrgico das deformidades e fraturas em membros inferiores na osteogênese imperfeita

OBJECTIVE: To provide a review of patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta by analyzing the deformities, fractures and results of surgical treatment on lower limbs in order to determine the efficiency of the use of non-elongating rods (non extensible). MATERIALS AND METHOD: Medical records, preoperative and postoperative X-ray images of all the patients who had imperfect osteogenesis and treated at the Alfred I duPont Institute (USA) between 1965 and 1999 have been reviewed. RESULTS: Fourteen patients (five boys and nine girls) were submitted to the non-elongating rods on their lower limbs, totaling 37 procedures. CONCLUSION: The procedure of intramedullary fixation with non-elongating rods to treat fractures and deformities on lower limb in Osteogenesis Imperfecta was proven to be a low morbidity method without interfering with the ambulatory status of these patients.

Estudo radiomorfológico do tendão fibular longo junto ao osso cuboide

OBJECTIVE: To describe morphological aspects, and radiographically evaluate the segment of the peroneus longus tendon adjacent to the cuboid bone, in cadavers, and reporting the incidence of a fibular ossicle, in some cases with the help of histological analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty tendon segments were evaluated and radiographed for determining the presence or absence of an accessory ossicle inside the tendon. The specimens where such presence was dubious were sectioned and submitted to macroscopic evaluation. In the cases where doubts persisted, the specimens were submitted to hematoxylin-eosin staining for histological analysis. One specimen where the accessory ossicle had been detected was also histologically evaluated for illustration purposes. RESULTS: All the specimens presented a fusiform dilatation of the area under the arc of the cuboid bone. Radiographic images demonstrated 29 specimens without ossification, 13 with ossification and 8 were doubtful. After macroscopic analysis, only one presented ossification, five did not, and two remained dubious, being submitted to histological analysis that demonstrated no ossification. CONCLUSION: All the specimens presented focal thickening of the tendon under the arc of the cuboid bone. However, quantitative analysis of both specimens submitted to histological evaluation demonstrated that the tendon consisted of fibrocartilaginous tissue lined by hyaline cartilage on the surface of contact with the bone. Thus, under the morphological point of view, fibular ossicle was found in 28% of cases, and, under the radiographic point of view, in 26%.

Radiographic evaluation and pain symptomatology of the knee in severely obese individuals – controlled transversal study

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of pain and radiographic degenerative arthritis in a group of severe obese patients (body mass index [BMI] > 35). Methods 41 patients with an indication of bariatric surgery were studied. The group of severely obese patients was subdivided into two subgroups: those with BMI < 50 and those with BMI > 50 (n = 14). They were compared to control group (n = 39). The following parameters were analyzed and correlated: radiographic arthritis by Kellgren-Lawrences classification, tibiofemoral axis, gender, age, and knee pain (visual analog scale [VAS]). The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) was used to evaluate in 21 severe obese patients and IN 19 controls. Results A higher incidence of knee pain was observed in the severely obese group when compared with the control group (p < 0.0001, odds ratio: 2.96). In the severely obese group, increasing levels of pain with aging were observed (p = 0.047). A positive correlation was observed between the incidence of radiographic arthritis and increasing age in the severely obese (p = 0.001) and control (p = 0.037) groups. The WOMAC index results were worse in the severely obese group when compared with the control group (p = 0.001, odds ratio: 18.2). Conclusion A higher incidence of knee pain was observed in the severely obese group when compared with the control group. In the severely obese group, there increasing levels of pain with aging. A positive relation between the incidence of arthritis and increasing age was observed in the severely obese and control groups. The WOMAC index results were worse in the severely obese group.

Osteocondrose bilateral de côndilos femorais laterais: relato de caso e revisão da literatura

Osteochondrosis is an injury on subchondral ossification with predominance of immature skeleton and whose etiology remains unknown. It may affect the femoral condyles (usually the medial condyle) and the involvement is mostly unilateral. The authors draw the attention to this usually late diagnosis due to its infrequent occurrence and report a childs rare case of bilateral osteochondrosis on lateral femoral condyles, stressing that just one similar case has been described in the orthopaedic literature up to the present time.