Antonio Wilson Penteado Ferreira Filho

Avaliação de genótipos de triticale e trigo em ambientes favoráveis e desfavoráveis no Estado de São Paulo

The environment adaptation of eighteen triticale and two wheat genotypes were evaluated in experiments carried out at two different sites of the Mococa Agronomy Experimental Station, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, in the period 1996-99. The favorable environment was provided with sprinkler irrigation on an upland; the unfavorable condition consisted of a moist flat area with basin irrigation system. The environment diversity induced different genotypes response patterns. Under the sprinkler irrigation system the yields were higher for both species, but the triticale genotype TATU 4/ARDI 1 presented the highest grain yield. Under moist and flat area condition the triticale LT 978.82/ASAD//TARASCA showed the highest yield. The wheat genotype IAC 60 showed large variations in grain yield in the moist flat area over the two cropping years. The plant cycle from emergence to heading showed higher variation among the triticale genotypes under moist low and flat area in comparison with the upland sprinkler irrigation condition. The results suggested the wheat genotypes presented a specific adaptation for upland with sprinkler irrigation environment and the triticale group of genotypes presented a broader adaptation.

Adaptabilidade e estabilidade de linhagens de trigo no Estado de São Paulo

Adaptability and Stability parameters were estimated by two non-parametric methodologies for grain yield in 20 wheat genotypes, 18 Mexican inbred lines and two cultivars, which were evaluated in three locations of Sao Paulo State, during 2001 and 2002. Significant effects were observed for genotypes, years and locations, indicating that the performance of the inbred lines was not coincident for the two years and the three locations. Genotypes x locations, years x locations and genotypes x years x locations interactions were significant. Independently of the methodology and considering the analysis for the two years and for the three locations, inbred lines 13 (HAHN/2*WEAVER) and 3 (SERI M 82) ranked among the five, with wide adaptability and stability. These inbred lines, specially the 13, could be recommended for cultivation by growers after the evaluation of other interesting agronomic traits, such as plant height, disease resistance and aluminum tolerance. The two methodologies provided similar results with easy estimates and interpretation.

Produtividade e resposta de genótipos de trigo ao nitrogênio

This study was based on the hypothesis of existence of genetic variability among genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in relation to the nitrogen utilization and response to application of this nutrient. The experiments were carried out at the Campinas and Tatui Experiment Stations, Instituto Agronomico, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, under sprinkler irrigation conditions, in succession to fallow (Campinas) and rice or lablab crops (Tatui), during 1987-1991 years. It was used a randomized complete block design in a split plot arrangement with four replications. The main plots were the levels of nitrogen (0, 60 and 120 kg/ha) and the split-plots were the wheat genotypes: BH-1146, IAC-5, IAC-24, IAC-25, IAC-60, IAC-161, IAC-162 and Anahuac. The results showed that in relation to the grain yield, the most productive genotypes were IAC-60, IAC-161 and IAC-162 which responded up to 120 kg/ha of applied nitrogen and the remaining responded only to 60 kg/ha of N, in Campinas during 1991. At the Tatui Experiment Station, in 1987, the most productive genotypes were IAC-60 and IAC-24 and all genotypes responded up to 120 kg/ha of applied nitrogen; but they did not respond to the high levels of applied nitrogen, during the years 1988 to 1990, in succession to lablab crops.

Comportamento agronômico de linhagens de trigo no Estado de São Paulo

Eighteen wheat lines and the check cultivars IAC-24 and IAC-289 were evaluated in six trials carried out at different locations under dryland and sprinkler irrigation conditions, for grain yield, agronomic characteristics and disease resistance. In laboratory conditions, the germplasms were evaluated for their Al toxicity tolerance in nutrient solutions. The line L9 and the cultivar IAC-289 were superior in grain yield, considering the average of the six trials. The line L8 exhibited short stature associated to lodging resistance and early maturity. In relation to leaf rust the lines L1, L17 and L20 were resistant. All genotypes were susceptible to the causal agents of leaf spot and mildew. The line L7, showed long heads with the highest number of spikelets; IAC-289 and L17, the largest number of grain per head and per spikelet, respectively; and L11, the heaviest grains. All evaluated genotypes were tolerant to Al3+ toxicity, excepting the control cultivar Anahuac and the lines L15 and L20, which exhibited high sensibility.

Melhoramento do trigo: XXVII. Estimativas de variância, herdabilidade e correlações em populações híbridas para produção de grãos, tolerância a toxicidade de alumínio e altura das plantas

Crosses were made involving the cultivars: BH-1146, tall and aluminum tolerant, IAC-24, semidwarf and aluminum tolerant and Anahuac, semidwarf and aluminum sensitive. Parents, F1s, F2s and reciprocal backcrosses were tested for their seedling reaction to 6mg/l of Al3+ in nutrient solution, in laboratory condition, and evaluated for grain yield and plant height at maturity in an experiment using pots, under a screen house in 1988 conditions at Experimental Center of Campinas, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Narrow sense heritabilities estimates were moderate to high for plant height (0.432-0.799) and for aluminum tolerance (0.425-0.922) and low for grain yield (0.037-0.195). Phenotypic correlations between grain yield and plant height were positive and significant for all populations under study. Phenotypic correlations between grain yield and aluminum tolerance were non significant (except for the population BH-1146 x IAC-24). The phenotypic correlation between plant height and aluminum tolerance was only positive and significant for the population BH-1146 x IAC-24. Results suggest it would be possible to select semidwarf plants, with aluminum tolerance and with high yield potential if large segregating populations were used to identify desired genotypes originated from eventual recombinations.

Linhagens diaplóides de trigo: desempenho agronômico em dois locais do estado de São Paulo e tolerância à toxicidade de alumínio em laboratório

Twenty wheat genotypes (18 dihaploid lines and the IAC-24 and IAC-370 cultivars) were evaluated in experiments carried out under dryland and acid soil conditions in Capao Bonito and under sprinkler irrigation and limed soil conditions in Tatui in 2001-03 period. Grain yield, yield components, agronomic characteristics and disease resistance were evaluated. The genotypes were also evaluated for their tolerance to Al toxicity, in nutrient solutions, under laboratory conditions. IAC-24 and the dihaploid lines (L3, L4, L5, L8, L14, L15, L16, L17, L18, L19 e L20), in Capao Bonito, were superior for grain yield. In nutrient solutions, these were the most tolerant genotypes to aluminum toxicity. All genotypes exhibited semi-dwarf plant type. The dihaploid line L15 and L16, presented lodging resistance, IAC-370 longer spikes and higher number of grain per spike and per spikelet, L8 higher number of spikelets per spike and L6 and L7 the heavier grains. All evaluated genotypes were susceptible to leaf spot. The lines L4, L14, L15, L16, L17 and L18 originated from the cross R27/GHL121//KAL/BB/3/BUC/BUL/4/IAC-24 showed resistance to leaf rust. The higher grain yield genotypes, under dryland and acid soil conditions, were associated to taller semi-dwarf plants with tolerance to aluminum toxicity. Under sprinkler irrigation and limed soil conditions the highest yielding genotypes were not associated to either semi-dwarf plants or those tolerant to aluminum toxicity.

Tolerância de genótipos de trigo comum, trigo duro e triticale à toxicidade de alumínio em soluções nutritivas

Twelve bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), one durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) and one triticale (Triticosecale sp) genotypes were studied in nutrient solutions with a high salt concentration in experiment 1 and a weak salt concentration in experiment 2, for aluminum tolerance at six levels: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mg L-1, under temperature 25 ± 1oC and pH 4,0. Four replications were used per experiment. Aluminum tolerance was evaluated by measuring root growth in an aluminum-free complete nutrient solution after a treatment of 48 hours in an aluminum solution associated with a particular salt concentration, according to the experiment. The bread wheats IAC-289, IAC-350 and IAC-370, the durum wheat IAC-1003 and the triticale IAC-5 genotypes were the most sensitive for increasing levels of Al3+in treatment nutrient solutions. Thus, they would be indicated only for cultivation in limed soils. The bread wheat IAC-24 and IAC-378 genotypes and the check cultivar BH-1146 were the most tolerant to Al3+ toxicity, being able to show good performance in acidic soils and/or to be used as genetic sources for tolerance in future crosses. Under constant temperature 25 ± 1oC and pH 4,0 aluminum toxicity results in inhibition of root growth wich was dependent on the increase of the aluminum concentration or on the reduction of the salt concentration of the nutrient solution for all evaluated genotypes.

Comportamento de linhagens diaplóides de trigo em dois locais do Estado de São Paulo

Twenty wheat genotypes (18 dihaploid lines and the IAC-24 and IAC-289 cultivars) were evaluated in experiments carried out under dryland and acid soil conditions in Capao Bonito (1997-99), and under sprinkler irrigation and acid soil conditions with lime application in Tatui (1997-2000). Grain yield, yield components, agronomic characteristics and disease resistance were analyzed. In addition, the genotypes were evaluated for their tolerance to Al toxicity, in nutrient solutions, at laboratory conditions. The dihaploid lines 10 and 11 and the cultivar IAC-24, in Capao Bonito, and the cultivar IAC-24 and the dihaploid line 19, in Tatui, were superior for grain yield. The dihaploid line 5 presented lodging resistance, the line 20 showed short stature and early plants to mature, and the cultivar IAC-289 exhibited higher number of spikelets per spike and heavier grains. All evaluated genotypes were susceptible to leaf spot. In relation to leaf rust, all lines were resistant, except the line 20 which was moderately resistant. The cultivar IAC-24 and all evaluated dihaploid lines were tolerant to aluminum toxicity. The higher grain yield genotypes, under dryland and acid soil conditions, were associated to tall plants, with long spikes, with high number of grains per spike and per spikelet and with tolerance to aluminum. Under sprinkler irrigation and acid soil conditions with lime application the most productive genotypes were associated to tall plants (semidwarf type) with heavy grains, and presenting no correlation with tolerance to aluminum.

Melhoramento do trigo: XXV. Avaliação de genótipos oriundos de populações híbridas introduzidas de Oregon (EUA) no Estado de São Paulo

Twenty two inbred lines and three cultivars (BH-1146, IAC-18 and Alondra-S-46) were evaluated in trials carried out with sprinkler irrigation, at Tatui (1985-87) and Mococa (1984) Experimental Station, Campinas (1985) Experimental Center and in a private farm located in Florinea. The following parameters were assessed: grain yield, agronomic characteristics and disease resistance. Tests for resistance to stem and leaf rusts and to aluminum tolerance, were made in greenhouse and laboratory, respectively. In soil with high fertility conditions as in Tatui the line 1 (Novi Sad 738/Bluejay) which is sensitive to Al3+ toxicity, early maturity and semidwarf type, showed good grain yield. Under acid soil conditions, at Mococa, the cultivars BH-1146 and IAC-18, presenting tolerance to Al3+ toxicity, early maturity and tall type, were the most productive. The lines 1,3 (Yaktana-54/Norin10-Brevor//Narino 59/3/Hyslop/4/CIANO/Gallo)and 19(Capitole/Bluetit) and the cultivars BH-1146 and IAC-18 showed the best grain yield considering the mean of the six trials. The lines 2 (Leonardo 23/Bluejay) and 10 (Backa/Alondra) were resistant to two race mixtures of stem rust and to three race mixtures of leaf rust, at seedling stage. These resistances were confirmed in adult stage, under natural (field) infection conditions. The line 2 presented as moderately resistant to powdery mildew, under field conditions. The lines 11 (Backa/Alondra), 15 and 21 (Capitole/Bluetit), 16 (Sava/4/Tezanos Pintos Precoz// //IRN 46/CIANO/3/Protor) and 17 (Vogel Selection 29/Vogel Selection 59--8881//INIA/Caprock/3/Cuckoo) were the most tolerant to Al3+ toxicity, but in a lower degree than that exibited by the cultivars BH-1146 and IAC-18.

Tolerância de trigo, triticale e centeio a diferentes níveis de ferro em solução nutritiva

Thirteen wheat, sixteen triticale and one rye cultivars were studied in a first experiment and twenty wheat cultivars were studied in a second experiment, for iron tolerance in nutrient solution. The treatments consisted of five different iron levels, 0.56; 5.0; 10.0; 20.0 and 40.0 mg/liter, under constant temperature, 25 ±1°C, pH 4.0, and continuous aeration. Iron tolerance was evaluated by considering the mean root length, for each cultivar, after a period of twelve days growing in nutrient solution with different iron levels. The wheat cultivars IAC-212, IAC-215 (Experiment 1) and IAC-29, IAC-74, IAC-203, IAC-207 and IAC-211 (Experiment 2) were as tolerant as the cultivars Siete Cerros used as a control and may be considered genetic sources of high value for breeding programs at Instituto Agronomico, Sao Paulo, Brasil. The triticale cultivars PFT 7719, PFT 7882, TCEP 7889 and Juanillo-159 were more tolerant than the cultivars PFT 766 and TCEP 77138. The rye cultivars Branco exhibited moderate tolerance to iron toxicity. The most sensitive cultivars were IAC-161, IAC-162, Anahuac, IAC-213, IAC-214, IAC-217 and IAC-219 (Experiment 1) and IAC-205 and IAC-60 (Experiment 2), considered as sensitive as the control (cultivars BH-1146). The wheat cultivars IAC-74 and the triticale cultivars PFT 7719, PFT 7882 and TCEP 7889, showing tolerance to aluminum and iron toxicities are adequate germplasms for cultivation on acid soils.