Anu Kajal

Schiff Bases: A Versatile Pharmacophore

Schiff bases are condensation products of primary amines with carbonyl compounds gaining importance day by day in present scenario. Schiff bases are the compounds carrying imine or azomethine (–C=N–) functional group and are found to be a versatile pharmacophore for design and development of various bioactive lead compounds. Schiff bases exhibit useful biological activities such anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, antitubercular, anticancer, antioxidant, anthelmintic, antiglycation, and antidepressant activities. Schiff bases are also used as catalysts, pigments and dyes, intermediates in organic synthesis, polymer stabilizers, and corrosion inhibitors. The present review summarizes information on the diverse biological activities and also highlights the recently synthesized numerous Schiff bases as potential bioactive core.

Mannich bases: an important pharmacophore in present scenario.

Mannich bases are the end products of Mannich reaction and are known as beta-amino ketone carrying compounds. Mannich reaction is a carbon-carbon bond forming nucleophilic addition reaction and is a key step in synthesis of a wide variety of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and so forth. Mannich reaction is important for the construction of nitrogen containing compounds. There is a number of aminoalkyl chain bearing Mannich bases like fluoxetine, atropine, ethacrynic acid, trihexyphenidyl, and so forth with high curative value. The literature studies enlighten the fact that Mannich bases are very reactive and recognized to possess potent diverse activities like anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antifilarial, antibacterial, antifungal, anticonvulsant, anthelmintic, antitubercular, analgesic, anti-HIV, antimalarial, antipsychotic, antiviral activities and so forth. The biological activity of Mannich bases is mainly attributed to α, β-unsaturated ketone which can be generated by deamination of hydrogen atom of the amine group.

Therapeutic potential of hydrazones as anti-inflammatory agents.

Hydrazones are a special class of organic compounds in the Schiff base family. Hydrazones constitute a versatile compound of organic class having basic structure (R1R2C=NNR3R4). The active centers of hydrazone, that is, carbon and nitrogen, are mainly responsible for the physical and chemical properties of the hydrazones and, due to the reactivity toward electrophiles and nucleophiles, hydrazones are used for the synthesis of organic compound such as heterocyclic compounds with a variety of biological activities. Hydrazones and their derivatives are known to exhibit a wide range of interesting biological activities like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, analgesic, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiprotozoal, antioxidant, antiparasitic, antiplatelet, cardioprotective, anthelmintic, antidiabetic, antitubercular, trypanocidal, anti-HIV, and so forth. The present review summarizes the efficiency of hydrazones as potent anti-inflammatory agents.

Design, Synthesis, Characterization, and Computational Studies on Benzamide Substituted Mannich Bases as Novel, Potential Antibacterial Agents

A series of benzamide substituted Mannich bases (1–7) were synthesized. The synthesized derivatives were authenticated by TLC, UV-Visible, FTIR, NMR, and mass spectroscopic techniques and further screened for in vitro antibacterial activity by test tube dilution method using amoxicillin and cefixime as standard drugs. The compounds 5, 6, and 7 were found to be the most active antibacterial agents among all the synthesized compounds. The physicochemical similarity of the compounds with standard drugs was assessed by calculating various physicochemical properties using software programs. The percent similarity of synthesized compounds was found to be good and compound 1 was found to have higher percentage of similarity. The compounds were subjected to QSAR by multilinear regression using Analyze it version 3.0 software, and four statistically sound models were developed with R 2 (0.963–0.997), R adj 2 (0.529–0.982), and Q 2 (0.998–0.999) with good F (2.35–65.56) values.

Synthesis, characterization, and computational studies on phthalic anhydride-based benzylidene-hydrazide derivatives as novel, potential anti-inflammatory agents

A series of phthalic anhydride-based substituted benzylidene-hydrazide derivatives (3a–i) was synthesized. The synthesized derivatives were authenticated by TLC, UV–visible, FTIR, NMR, and mass spectroscopic techniques and further screened for in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities by carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema and tail immersion methods, respectively, using diclofenac sodium as standard drug. The derivatives 3d, 3e, and 3h were found to be most active anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents among all the synthesized derivatives. The physico-chemical similarity of the derivatives with standard drugs was assessed by calculating various physicochemical properties using software programs. The percent similarity of synthesized derivatives was found to be good except 3i. The derivatives were subjected to QSAR by multilinear regression using Analyze it version 3.0 software and two statistically sound models were developed with R2 (0.933–0.960),

Modulation of Advanced Glycation End Products, Sorbitol, and Aldose Reductase by Hydroalcohol Extract of Lagenaria siceraria Mol Standl in Diabetic Complications: An In Vitro Approach

R_{{adj}}^{2}

Hydrazones as Promising Lead with Diversity in Bioactivity-therapeutic Potential in Present Scenario

Radj2 (0.595–0.762) and Q2 (0.999) with good F (2.76–4.84) values. Molecular docking studies were performed by MVD software (version 2012.5.0.0). The derivative 3h has emerged out as most potent anti-inflammatory agent with highest dock score, i.e., −93.64.

Therapeutic agents for the management of atherosclerosis from herbal sources

We report the synthesis and biological assessment of 1,3,4-oxadiazole substituted 24 derivatives as novel, potential antibacterial agents. The structures of the newly synthesized derivatives were established by the combined practice of UV, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry. Further these synthesized derivatives were subjected to antibacterial activity against all the selected microbial strains in comparison with amoxicillin and cefixime. The antibacterial activity of synthesized derivatives was correlated with their physicochemical and structural properties by QSAR analysis using computer assisted multiple regression analysis and four sound predictive models were generated with good R 2, R adj 2, and Fischer statistic. The derivatives with potent antibacterial activity were subjected to molecular docking studies to investigate the interactions between the active derivatives and amino acid residues existing in the active site of peptide deformylase to assess their antibacterial potential as peptide deformylase inhibitor.