Anuradha Ramaswami

Additions and corrections: interfacial films in coal tar nonaqueous-phase liquid-water systems.

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Modeling the spatial variability of natural trace element concentrations in groundwater

A conceptual stochastic model is developed that describes the natural spatial variability of nonreactive solute concentrations in large groundwater systems. The spatial variation in aqueous concentration is associated with dissolution from source areas of high mineral enrichment in the aquifer matrix. The stochastic model considers randomly varying inputs of a solute species from source deposits that occur as a two-dimensional spatial Poisson process. A steady state advective-dispersive transport equation is utilized to predict the downgradient movement of the solute from the source areas. The total groundwater concentration at any location is calculated from the superposition of the individual contributions from each source area in the aquifer. A spatially varying concentration field results, described mathematically by a filtered Poisson process model. The theoretical concentration field is nonstationary, with the mean and variance increasing, and the coefficient of variation decreasing, in the direction of groundwater flow. Gaussian fields for abundant elements and highly skewed probability distributions for trace elements are indicated by the filtered Poisson process model. Evaluation of elemental concentration data from the Sherwood aquifer in England demonstrates how field data may be analyzed in the context of the stochastic model.

Bioslurry Treatment of NAPL-Contaminated Soil

Industrial processes related to petroleum refining, coal coking, coal gasification and wood processing result in the production of liquid fuels and waste by-products, including motor fuels, coal tar, creosote and heavy oils. These organic-phase liquids are often sparingly soluble in water, and in the context of soil and sediment contamination are termed non-aqueous phase liquids or NAPLs. NAPLs such as fuel oil, creosote, gasoline and coal tar are multi-component mixtures that are composed of a broad range of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs). When NAPLs are released to the subsurface environment (e.g., from oil spills or leaking storage tanks), they function as long-term sources of HOCs, resulting in persistent soil and water pollution problems.

Evaluation of Mass Transfer and Biodegradation of Naphthalene from Coal Tar in Slurry Treatment Systems

Coaltar is a byproduct of coal gasification processes, and is often associated with subsurface contamination at many former manufactured gas plant (MGP) sites (Luthy et al., 1994). Coal tar is a multi-component, nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) having aromatic compounds including various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The immobilized coal tar may serve as a long-term source of soil and ground water contamination due to the slow dissolution of PAH compounds and other solutes.