Anwar Shahzad Siddiqui

Reactive power compensation for integration of wind power in a distribution network

As a promising renewable alternative, the wind power is highly expected to contribute a significant part of generation in power systems in the future, but this also bring new integration related power quality issues, which mainly consist of voltage regulation and reactive power compensation. Wind power, as a rule, does not contribute to voltage regulation in the system. Induction machines are mostly used as generators in wind power based generations. Induction generators draw reactive power from the system to which they are connected. Therefore, the integration of wind power to power system networks; especially a weak distribution networks is one of the main concerns of the power system engineers. Voltage control and reactive power compensation in a weak distribution networks for integration of wind power represent main concern of this paper. The problem is viewed from MATLAB/Simulink simulation of weak distribution network and wind power integration in this network. Without reactive power compensation, the integration of wind power in a network causes voltage collapse in the system and under-voltage tripping of wind power generators. For dynamic reactive power compensation, when, STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) is a used at a point of interconnection of wind farm and the network; the system absorbs the generated wind reactive power while maintaining its voltage level.

Application of phase shifting transformer in Indian Network

This paper presents an integrated optimal power flow with phase shifter approach to enhance power system reliability, availability, loss optimization & system security. Overloading of sub system in a power system sometimes may pose stability issues, which may lead to unwanted Outages & Blackouts, equipment failure which will result long repair replacement cycle, cost of repair and heavy revenue losses. Under these conditions, to ensure economical and reliable operation of the grid, power through the lines should be controlled within their limits. To control power flow phase shifting transformer (PST) is one of the cheaper option. The application of phase shifting transformer will control the real power flow in transmission lines. To realize a variable phase angle shift, on load tap changers could be deployed to vary the control voltage there by change in the resultant phase angle. Simulation of One of the cases for Uttar Pradesh Network is described in this paper. The simulation work of network justifies the application of PST.

Techno-economic feasibility of HVDS concept for distribution feeder power loss minimisation

This paper presents a method to reduce the technical power loss in distribution systems. The high voltage distribution system is proposed to minimize the technical distribution losses. The analysis is done using CYMDIST. The developed methodology is carried on a Lalpura distribution feeder from the Palwal division (Haryana). The feeder is feeding to 89 Distribution transformers with 200 amperes peak load and having the length of about 76 km. The analysis reveals that converting the existing LVDS system for the agricultural load to HVDS system, there is net reduction in technical losses in the distribution system which in turn raises the efficiency of the system. Also it shows the economic viability of the proposed technique.

Congestion management using FACTS devices

AbstractWith power system restructuring going on the world over, there are increased power transactions due to wheeling, unscheduled flows, higher contractual needs etc. This results in heavy flows in transmission lines causing higher losses with possibility of loss of stability and security. This results in congestion on transmission lines. FACTS device can provide a solution to mitigate the effect of congestion in heavily loaded lines. This paper investigates the effect of SVC, TCSC and UPFC devices on power flows and bus voltages with increased line loadings. The effectiveness of these FACTS devices are demonstrated on two test systems viz. IEEE-14 bus system and WSCC 9 bus system.

Analysis of UPFC, SSSC with and without POD in congestion management of transmission system

Since the very beginning of FACTS controllers, congestion management is one of the parameters we control through it. This paper provides the control of power flow and bus voltages in grid using the FACTS controllers. In AC transmission line, power flow can be controlled by injecting a compensating voltage in series with the line. We consider the steady state model of two FACTS Controllers - SSSC, UPFC and SSSC with POD (Power Oscillation Damper) for series voltage compensation, and evaluating their range of power flow control for power grid management. Power flow control ranges are evaluated for a standard 5 bus system. The process of reducing the congestion on power system using FACTS devices are not new, but a combination of POD and FACTS devices are rare. In this research paper, the transmission lines are decongested using this combination and thus the power capability of the transmission system increases. Results are reported to compare the effectiveness of the different FACTS controllers.

LMP technique for locating series FACTS device (TCSC) for social welfare benefits in deregulated electricity market

In this paper, for deregulated market, to have maximum social and economic benefits along with reduction of congestion, a new technique named LMP technique has been suggested for the location of series FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission System) devices i.e. TCSC (Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor). The model which has been used in this paper is based on power injection method and the proposed techniques are based on the LMP (Locational Marginal Prices) differences and subsequently congestion rent, respectively. LMP technique is used for optimal locating and sizing of TCSC. The reason to use this technique is that it minimizes the computational expenses and maximizes social welfare. Congestion rent is a product of LMP difference and power flows in that specific line. When comparison is made to sensitivity factor based method, the proposed methods for its solution form a priority list that reduces the computational solution space. The linearity aspect cannot be judged by sensitivity factor method the marginal price differences in situations constrained by limits helps in forming zonal boundaries, and we can represent the price in zone using average locational marginal price (ALMP). Simulations are performed to find the effect of TCSC on congestion levels of the IEEE 14-bus test systems using PSAT (Power system analysis tool).

Study of xEV Charging Infrastructure and the Role of Microgrid and Smart Grid in its Development

Abstract With galloping energy demands and limited energy resources, it is imperative to look for alternate energy resources to fuel vehicles. This will lessen greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In automobile industry, electricity is the clean fuel which will increase the demand for electric vehicles. In tune with reduction of carbon footprint, different technologies are being tried out to lessen gaseous and particulate matter emission. Due to these factors, automobile manufacturers are concentrating on electric vehicles which mainly depend on batteries, fuel cells and modified gasoline engines (either standalone or hybrid). Microgrid has emerged as a new field which can meet the energy demand of sensitive loads as well as the charging demand of electric vehicles with special emphasis on good power quality, reliability and security. Conventional methods of power generation cause high environmental pollution which can be reduce using renewable energy resources. A microgrid thus can contribute to sustainable and environmental friendly alternative with integration of distributed power generation in the renewable sector. This paper discusses major aspects of electric vehicles and microgrids covering extensive survey.

Transmission line efficiency improvement and congestion management under critical contingency condition by optimal placement of TCSC

In this paper placement of thyristor controlled series compensators (TCSC) at optimal location of a power system for maintaining voltage stability, improving transmission efficiency, steady state stability limit and mitigating congestion under single line critical contingency condition is discussed. Optimal location is found out by line voltage stability index and sensitivity analysis. Performance index (PI) is used for finding critical contingency. Under critical contingency condition which is single line outage in this case, congested transmission lines are found. TCSC is a FACTS device which can reduce power loss in overloaded transmission lines, increase loadability, reduce system loss and maintain stability of power systems. This work has been tested on IEEE 14 bus test system using MATLAB.

Congestion management in deregulated electricity market using distributed generation

A congestion management approach in a deregulated electricity market using distributed generation (DG) has been proposed. Locational marginal price (LMP) has been utilized to find the optimal location of DG. Two different methods, highest LMP method and LMP difference method, are used to capture the potential locations for DG placement. Based on the priority of locations obtained from these two methods, the DG is placed to mitigate congestion. For selection of optimal size of DG, a method based on performance index for different ratings of DG is proposed and its effectiveness with the two methods of locating the DG is analysed. The performance of the proposed methodologies have been tested on IEEE 14-bus system.

Enhancing the Power System LoadabilityUsing TCSC: Improved Gravitational SearchAlgorithm

For the efficient transmission of power from power plants to consumer loads, the power losses are reduced in modern power system. In order to reduce such losses, a recently evolved FACTS technology is used. In this paper, Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) is selected to enhance the loadability in the transmission line. To improve the maximum power transfer capability by this device an improved gravitational search algorithm (IGSA) is suggested. Velocity of each agent is improved by this proposed algorithm. If the velocity is high then agents move to a better solution or else the optimum solution might not be achieved. Through the mass determination of each agent, all the solutions are contributing to the optimum solution. Here the maximum power loss of the system is considered as a fitness function. The proposed algorithm is validated on IEEE-57 test system using MATLAB platform. Thus with the help of IGSA the maximum power transfer capability is achieved and that with the economic cost of the device.