Archimedes Perez Filho

Geoestatística como suporte ao modelo de simulação de agrotóxico CMLS com validação em colunas de solos

O uso de modelos de simulacao e provavelmente a maneira mais eficiente para predizer o comportamento de agrotoxicos no sistema solo/agua/planta. O modelo de simulacao de destino de agrotoxicos CMLS (Chemical Movement in Layered Soils), foi usado para estudar o comportamento do herbicida tebuthiuron, utilizado na cultura de cana-de-acucar, a partir de uma grade de amostragem composta de 111 pontos amostrais, equi-espacados de 200 m e englobando tres tipos de solo: Neossolo Quartzarenico (RQ), Latossolo Vermelho distroferrico (LVdf) e Latossolo Vermelho distrofico (LVd), texturas media e argilosa. Os 373 pontos avaliados pelo simulador, gerados das amostras da grade original e atraves dos metodos geoestatisticos da variografia e krigagem, produziram valores de profundidade atingida pelo herbicida, apos seis anos de simulacao (1989-1995). Para Neossolo Quartzarenico (RQ), o tebuthiuron, em quatro pontos simulados, apresentou valores de profundidade acima de 43 m e com maximo de 50 m, com uma quantidade de produto permanecendo ainda no solo, proximo a 10% do valor aplicado de 1,1 kg ha-1. Resultados provenientes do ensaio em coluna, usados para a validacao do modelo, mostraram que o mesmo superestimou em 6,66% a profundidade atingida pelo herbicida quando comparado ao valor produzido pela coluna, para o Neossolo Quartzarenico (RQ), e subestimou com valores de 4,5% e 20,0%, para o Latossolo Vermelho distrofico (LVd) e o Latossolo Vermelho-distroferrico (LVdf), respectivamente. Esses dados confirmam, para o Neossolo Quartzarenico(RQ) e o Latossolo Vermelho-distrofico (LVd) a adequacao do modelo, na avaliacao do destino do herbicida.

Land use changes due to energy policy as a determining factor for morphological processes in fluvial systems in São Paulo State, Brazil: Land use changes due to energy policy in Brazil

The number of hydroelectric dams used for energy production and the cultivation of sugar cane crops for ethanol production have increased significantly in the southeastern region of Brazil. These land use/land cover changes (LULCC) associated with energy policy can affect landscape changes over a range of temporal and spatial scales. This article focuses on how human-landscape interactions have influenced geomorphological dynamics in the lower course of the Piracicaba River for two different scenarios that represent pre-dam and post-dam conditions in 1962 and 2007, respectively, and the expansion of sugar cane crops after 1975. This assessment was performed by mapping land use and geomorphological changes in the study area in the 1962 and 2007 scenarios, in addition to quantifying the sedimentation rates upstream from the Barra Bonita Reservoir using 210Pb. The main land uses identified for the 1962 scenario were pastures, meadows, annual crops and forests. However, the main land use change was the expansion of sugar cane cropland from 4 to 39%. In the 1962 scenario, the lower course of the Piracicaba River had a predominantly meandering pattern, and there were pronounced alluvial plains in the region. In the 2007 scenario, oxbow lakes were not mapped, and the river terraces were reduced in area due to the construction of the Barra Bonita Reservoir. The changes in the sedimentation rates indicate an association between the construction of the Barra Bonita Reservoir and the expansion of sugar cane crops. It was therefore not possible to assess the specific influences of each anthropogenic change on the sedimentation processes, reinforcing that the human-landscape systems in Sao Paulo State associated with energy policy are complex.

Contributions of the complexity paradigm to the understanding of Cerrado's organization and dynamics

The Brazilian Cerrado is a vegetation mosaic composed of different physiognomies. Discussions remain open regarding the factors and processes responsible for the dynamic and spatial organization of the Cerrado - in its different physiognomies. The contributions of the complexity paradigm in this context are still less exploited, despite its great potential for explanations and predictions presented in previous diverse dynamic systems of complex behavior researches, a category in which the Cerrado can be included. This article has the intention of contributing to the construction of this new perspective, discussing - from theoretical concepts - the paradigm of complexity for the understanding of the organization and the dynamics of the Cerrado.

VEREDAS IN THE BOM JARDIM RIVER BASIN: ORIGIN, TYPOLOGIES AND TOPOGRAPHIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION

In the central plateau region, interior of Brazil, veredas are subsystems typical of landscapes of the Cerrado domain. They are wetlands, occurring in large quantities in the Bom Jardim river basin, Triângulo Mineiro-MG, an area responsible for production of water for public supply in the city of Uberlândia. In this basin there are some vereda typologies that can be grouped and classified by their correlations between relief, lithology and soils. In order to perform such grouping, fieldworks were carried out to identify the physical characteristics, typology and interpretation of their origin in the landscape. A topographic and morphological profile was also developed to characterize a cross-section in the valley-floor, complementing this analysis. Results of the correlations were identified as follows: In the higher areas of the basin with flat relief, soils of clayey texture and occurrence of Cenozoic Coverage is where the floodplain and on level surface veredas occur. In areas of flat/undulating relief, sandstones of the Bauru Group and soils of medium texture appear other types, including terrace and hillside veredas.

RELAÇÕES ENTRE REDE DE DRENAGEM E SUPERFÍCIES DE APLAINAMENTO SEMIÁRIDAS

Redes de drenagem intermitentes e efemeras sao variaveis importantes no estudo da evolucao geomorfologica de superficies de aplainamento semiaridas, embora sejam pouco pesquisadas na geomorfologia brasileira. Nessa perspectiva, esse artigo propoe analisar as contribuicoes da rede de drenagem no processo de evolucao de superficies de aplainamento, tendo como metodo de analise a abordagem sistemica. Para isso, identificamos os niveis de aplainamento juntamente com as coberturas superficiais e avaliamos o grau de dissecacao do relevo com base na compartimentacao geomorfologica e nas caracteristicas dos canais de drenagem. Os resultados demonstraram que os diferentes estados de conservacao e dissecacao do aplainamento estao relacionados aos processos realizados por regimes fluviais dessa natureza, assim como a elaboracao de compartimentos geomorfologicos esta relacionado a diferentes padroes espaciais da rede de drenagem.

Itatiaia Massif: Morphogenesis of Southeastern Brazilian Highlands

The geomorphological region of the Serra da Mantiqueira represents one of the most elevated compartments of the entire oriental sector of the Brazilian shield. Its contemporary gross morphology results from Neogene to Quaternary differential uplift, and the area hosts a range of morphotectonic features. Alkaline intrusions of nepheline syenites dated from the end of the Cretaceous and the beginning of the Cenozoic support the highest massifs, with spectacular pointed peaks and crests, rock slopes, and boulder talus accumulation. These massifs constitute one of the more scenic tropical mountain landscapes in southeast Brazil, characterized by substantial extensions of semideciduous forests and high-altitude grasslands on the summit surfaces. Colluvial ramps are ubiquitous in the region, providing sedimentary record of Late Pleistocene and Holocene environmental changes, while the current dynamics of the landscape is mainly associated with mass movements and torrential floods generated by high rainfall events.

COMPARTIMENTAÇÃO MORFOESTRUTURAL DA BACIA DO RIO VERDE, SUL DE MINAS GERAIS

O presente artigo divulga proposta de compartimentacao morfoestrutural para a bacia do Rio Verde, localizada na parte meridional do Estado de Minas Gerais em terrenos da Serra da Mantiqueira, Planalto do Alto Rio Grande e Planalto de Varginha, apresentando litologias diversas (metagranitoides arqueanos, metassedimentos supracrustais proterozoicos e intrusoes alcalinas cretaceo-paleocenas) distribuidas em consideravel diversidade de formas de relevo. A analise integrada entre a litologia, os lineamentos estruturais, a rede de drenagem e os padroes de formas de relevo discerniu os seguintes compartimentos morfoestruturais: Patamares de cimeira da Mantiqueira (desmembrados em cinco subcompartimentos), Patamares escalonados da Mantiqueira, Planalto de Cruzilia-Minduri, Planalto alongado de Lambari, Planalto de Sao Lourenco-Caxambu, Planalto de Tres Coracoes, Planalto rebaixado de Varginha e Cristas monoclinais. A compartimentacao revelou forte controle morfoestrutural vinculado ao rifte continental do sudeste do Brasil associado a uma acentuada dinâmica morfotectonica sobreposta em funcao da interferencia de efeitos diastroficos neotectonicos. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE

Monitoramento e gerenciamento de bacias urbanas associados a inundação: diagnose da bacia do Ribeirão Quilombo na região metropolitana de Campinas utilizando geotecnologias

Lack of data in appropriates spatial and temporal scales is a great obstacle to implantation of flood alert systems. The present article results of an exercise that aim to verify data currently available for Metropolitan Region of Campinas and, consequently, which ones would still be necessary to create a system of this type. Quilombo river basin was chosen as a pilot-area and a diagnosis of its physical and social-economical characteristics was made, taking pre-existing data and correlating then with SIG. The results obtained by this diagnosis indicate the necessity of a high-resolution mapping and of a broader and refined monitoring in comparison of those available at present. Based on correlations between spatial data, and objectifying to enhance precision of data collection in semi-detail scale, adequate points to install new fluvio and pluviometrical stations are proposed.

Diagnóstico da Educação Ambiental no ensino de Geografia: Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí hidrographic basins

The goals of this study are to identify the potencialities avaiable in elementary public schools for the development of an educational process wich includes environmental issues helpping to find its integration with university in order to contribuite raises teaching levels for a better comprehension of regional environmental problems. Research data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with geography teachers analyising theirs activities and perspectives on the environmental crisis and environmental education. The study also offers sugestions for the devellopment of interdisciplinaires programs trying to contibute for the construction of citizenship showing the importance of better comprehension from environmental problems which includes physical, economics, social, political and cultural aspects.The goals of this study are to identify the potencialities avaiable in elementary public schools for the development of an educational process wich includes environmental issues helpping to find its integration with university in order to contribuite raises teaching levels for a better comprehension of regional environmental problems. Research data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with geography teachers analyising theirs activities and perspectives on the environmental crisis and environmental education. The study also offers sugestions for the devellopment of interdisciplinaires programs trying to contibute for the construction of citizenship showing the importance of better comprehension from environmental problems which includes physical, economics, social, political and cultural aspects.

Environmental education diagnosis from geography teaching on public schools

The goals of this study are to identify the potencialities avaiable in elementary public schools for the development of an educational process wich includes environmental issues helpping to find its integration with university in order to contribuite raises teaching levels for a better comprehension of regional environmental problems. Research data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with geography teachers analyising theirs activities and perspectives on the environmental crisis and environmental education. The study also offers sugestions for the devellopment of interdisciplinaires programs trying to contibute for the construction of citizenship showing the importance of better comprehension from environmental problems which includes physical, economics, social, political and cultural aspects.The goals of this study are to identify the potencialities avaiable in elementary public schools for the development of an educational process wich includes environmental issues helpping to find its integration with university in order to contribuite raises teaching levels for a better comprehension of regional environmental problems. Research data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with geography teachers analyising theirs activities and perspectives on the environmental crisis and environmental education. The study also offers sugestions for the devellopment of interdisciplinaires programs trying to contibute for the construction of citizenship showing the importance of better comprehension from environmental problems which includes physical, economics, social, political and cultural aspects.