Ari Suwondo

Hypnotherapy is more effective than acupressure in the production of prolactin hormone and breast milk among women having given birth with caesarean section

This research aimed to analyze the effectiveness of hypnotherapy compared with acupressure toward the prolactin hormone level and the production of breast milk among women giving birth by caesarean section. The research groups were divided into two groups, namely hypnotherapy receiving women group and acupressure-receiving women group. The hypnotherapy was done in accordance with the standard and guided by the hypnotherapist. The acupressure was done in the meridian of stomach and small intestine, meridian of kidney, and spleen. There was a significant increase in the prolactin hormone level and production of breast milk before and after the therapy (p < 0.05) for both treatment groups. In the production of prolactin hormone and breast milk, hypnotherapy technique was significantly more effective than acupressure (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that the hypnotherapy is more effective than acupressure in stimulating the production of prolactin hormone and production of breast milk among women giving birth with caesarean section. Thus, hypnotherapy can be the alternative in support of the successful exclusive breast milk feeding.

The Effect of Rekattidiri Ovitrap towards Aedes aegypti Larval Density

Received Jan 14, 2017 Revised Feb 25, 2017 Accepted Feb 28, 2017 Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a health problem in Indonesia. The entire region of Indonesia at risk of contracting dengue disease. The study aims to prove the effect of modifications ovitrap rekattidiri on the density of larvae (HI: House Index, CI: Container Index and BI: Breteu Index) as well as comparing the differences between the mean larvae trapped between ovitrap Rekattidiri with standard ovitrap. Using a quasi experimental design, time series experimental design with Control group. Population subjects were Aedes aegypti at the endemic sites in Pontianak, West Borneo. The results showed larval density index in the intervention area decreased each ie HI from 26% to 3%, CI of 6.95% to 2.19 %, and BI from 29% to 13%. The number of larvae trapped in ovitrap rekattidiri ie 70% (12,770 larvae) more than the standard ovitrap in the control and intervention, namely: 17% (3,057 larvae) and 13% (2,334 larvae). It is concluded that there are significant modifications Rekattidiri ovitrap against larval density index (HI p-value: 0.025, CI p-value: 0.052, BI value of p: 0.04) and there are differences between the mean larvae trapped in ovitrap Rekattidiri and standard ovitrap with p value: 0.001. Keyword:

Age and CD4 count are dominant factors in the prediction of anaemia in Javanese HIV patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Anaemia in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is multifactorial and an increasingly important variable to consider in the management. This is the first study of anaemia in HIV infection in the Javanese population, which constitutes the largest ethnic group in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to determine the factors which are associated with anaemia in Javanese patients with HIV infection. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN This study applied a cross-sectional design involving HIV patients in Dr Kariadi Hospital and Balai Kesehatan Paru Masyarakat (BKPM), Semarang, Indonesia. The characteristic data of the subjects were age, gender, BMI, duration of therapy and antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. Haematology tests were conducted using flow cytometry. RESULTS The prevalence of anaemia in HIV-infected patients was 21 (38.88%). Macrocytic anemia was found as a majority (12; 57.1 %) in anaemic patients. The risk factors which were found to be associated with increase of anaemia were white blood cells (WBC) <5.0 x 109/L and CD4 >200.0 cells/μL (p<0.05). A correlation between anaemia and age (r=0.49, p<0.01), duration of treatment (r=0.35, p<0.01), CD4 count (r=-0.42, p<0.01), total bilirubin (r=-0.28, p<0.05), and unconjugated bilirubin (r=-0.29, p<0.05) was identified. Age (p=0.023) and CD4 count (p=0.07) were the dominant factors in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Age and CD4 count are the dominant factors in determining of anaemia in Javanese patients with HIV infection.

Hubungan Pajanan Pestisida Dengan Kejadian Hipotiroid Pada Wanita Usia Subur di Daerah Pertanian Hortikultura Desa Gombong Kecamatan Belik Pemalang

Background : Thousands of farmers and farm workers were poisoned by pesticides each year. Risk of exposure topesticides in agriculture as well as to women who are involved in agricultural activities, one of them washypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism in the group of women of childbearing age (WCA) can cause reproductivedisorders such as infertility, spontaneous abortion, fetal growth disorders, and premature birth. The researchobjective was to prove that exposure to pesticides is a risk factor for hypothyroidism on WCA in highlandagricultural area Gombong village, Belik subdistrict Pemalang regency.Methods : Cross-sectional study on 34 subjects research at highland agricultural Gombong District Pemalang Regency.Samples were taken by using a systematic Sampling method. Pesticide exposure was measured by asking WCA’s(17-35 years) involved in agricultural activities using structured questionnaire and by checking their level ofcholinesterase. Incidence of hypothyroidism measured using TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) rate parameter.Confounding variables were also measured. These variables were level of education, BMI, participation in hormonalcontraception, iodine intake, and exposure to cigarette smoke. Data would be analyzed using Chi-Square test at 0,05level of significancy.Result : The prevalence of hypothyroidism among WCA was 2.,4 %.. Pesticide exposure is a risk factor forhypothyroidism; PR 95 % CI = 4.278 ( 1.347-13.581) and p-value=0.015. The higher the degree of exposure, the greaterthe risk of having hypothyroidism. The results showed that there was no correlation between age, level of education,BMI, participation in hormonal contraception, iodine intake, and exposure to cigarette smoke with hypothyroidismon childbearing age woman in highland agricultural area Gombong village, Belik subdistrict Pemalang regency.Conclusion: Pesticide exposure is a risk factor for thyroid dysfunction among WCA in agricultural areas. Keywords: Pesticide exposure, thyroid dysfunction, hypothyroidism.