Arnold W. By

Nitration of substituted styrenes with nitryl iodide

Abstract Nitration of substituted styrenes by nitryl iodide, followed by treatment of the product with triethylamine, gives β-nitrostyrenes in good yield.

Aromatic Iodination with Iodine and Silver Sulfate

Abstract Iodination of alkyl and alkoxybenzenes with iodine and silver sulfate at room temperature gives iodinated aryl compounds in good yield.

Fourier Transform Infrared/Raman Differentiation and Characterization of Cis - and Trans -2,5-Dimethoxy-4,β-Dimethyl-β'-Nitrostyrenes: Precursors to the Street Drug STP

Fourier transform Raman and infrared spectra of pure cis(Z)- and trans(E)-2,5-dimethoxy-4,beta-dimethyl-beta-nitrostyrene (precursors of the psychotomimetic street drug STP or DOM) were recorded in the solid state. The spectra show characteristic features of the ethylene moiety and of the aryl and nitro substituents which permit ready differentiation and identification of these isomers. A very strong Raman line at 1670 cm-1 from the cis isomer for the C=C stretching mode, in comparison with a strong Raman line at 1641 cm-1 for the trans isomer, affords primary differentiation of these substances. A second characteristic, of both the Raman and infrared (IR) spectra, is that the frequency of the strong symmetric nitro (NO2) stretching band is about 40 cm-1 higher in the cis (1346 cm-1) than the trans isomer (1301 cm-1). All major IR and Raman bands are reported and given vibrational assignments.

Synthesis and Spectral Properties of 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Ethoxyamphetamine and Its Precursors

2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethoxyamphetamine (MEM) was synthesized by two routes. The gas liquid chromatographic data and ultraviolet, infrared, proton magnetic resonance, carbon-13 magnetic resonance, and mass spectra are presented for this amphetamine as well as its precursors. This amphetamine was found to be identical to the sample submitted by the police.

A Direct Synthesis of O6-Monoacetylmorphine from Morphine

ABSTRACTO6-Monoacetylmorphine was synthesized directly in good yield from morphine with glacial acetic acid using sulphuric acid as a catalyst. The product was characterized by PMR, IR, MS, and elemental microanalysis. This successful synthesis of O6-monoacetylmorphine from morphine shows that this compound can be included under the Narcotic Control Act as a regulated substance for legal purposes.

Spectral Identification of a Lachrymatory Exhibit as CS

ABSTRACTAn unknown, lachrymatory solid was identified as 2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile, otherwise known as CS, by means of IR, MS, 1H-and 13C-NMR spectra. Given the difficulty in obtaining either reference spectra or reference samples of benzylidene malononitriles (BMNs)—because of the classified nature and use of such substances in numerous anti-personnel and riot control devices—reported spectra serve to fulfil a forensic analytical need.

Structural Elucidation of Unusual Police Exhibits. II. Identification and Spectral Characterization of N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)amphetamine Hydrochloride

An unusual police exhibit having the physical appearance, color, and odor of methamphetamine hydrochloride was identified unequivocally on the basis of combined evidence from 1H- and 13C-NMR, mass, and infrared spectroscopic examination as N-(2-hydroxyethyl)amphetamine hydrochloride (HEA·HCl). A minor contaminant of the exhibit was similarly identified as ethanolamine hydrochloride (HE·HCl), suggesting synthesis via reductive amination of phenylacetone. Relevant spectroscopic data (1H-, 13C-NMR, mass, and FT-IR) and spectra are presented.

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF (Z)—AND (E) -MONOETHOXY-1-(2-NITRO-1-PROPENYL) BENZENES: Important Precursors to the monoethoxyamphetamines

ABSTRACT(Z)-Monoethoxy-1- (2-nitro-1-propenyl)benzenes were synthesized from the corresponding (E)-isomers by irradiation with light in toluene in the presence of benzophenone. The gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) and thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) data, and ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), proton magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), and mass spectra (MS) are presented for both isomers for comparison. The (Z)-isomer is partially converted on the injector of GLC apparatus to the (E)-isomer.

Characterization of Cis-Cinnamoylcocaine

ABSTRACTThe physical properties of highly purified cis-cinnamoylcocaine are reported, including the proton and carbon NMR, IR, UV and mass spectra; the melting point is 72–73°. Details of the chromatographic purification are also given.

FT-IR Raman Differentiation and Characterization of CIS (Z)- and TRANS (E)-Monoethoxy-l-(2-Nitro-l- Propenyl)Benzenes—Precursors to the Monoethoxyamphetamine “Designer” Street Drugs

ABSTRACTFourier transform Raman and infrared spectra of pure c/s(Z)- and frans(E)-2,3, and 4-monoethoxy-1-(2-nitro-1-propenyl)benzene isomers (precursors of the corresponding “designer” monoethoxyamphetamine street drugs) were recorded in their natural solid or liquid state. The spectra show characteristic features of the ethylene moiety and of the aryl and nitro substituents which permit ready differentiation and identification of these isomers. For each of the isomeric pairs except the meta-disubstituted (3-ethoxysubstance, a very strong Raman line is found for the C = C stretching mode at 10–16 cm−1 higher frequency for the cisc(Z)-isomers than for the frans(E)-compounds. A second characteristic, of both the Raman and IR spectra, is that the frequency of the strong symmetric NO2 stretching band is about 30–40 cm”1 higher in the cis- than the frans-isomers. FT-Raman spectra were recorded for both solid and liquid states of frans(E)-3-ethoxy-1-(2-nitro-1-propenyl)benzene; these spectra are compared and d...