Arshad Ali Kaleri

Comparison of Foliar Verses Soil Application of Micronutrients on the Production of Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Crop.

The present work was laid out to compare the effect of foliar verses soil application of micronutrients on the production of wheat crop at experimental side of southern wheat station Agriculture Research Institute Tandojam, during Rabi season 2016. There were ten fertilizer treatments viz T1= K2%, T2= 1% Zn, T3= B 0.2%, T4= Cu 2%, T5= Mg 1% as foliar application while T6= 6Kg Zn ha -1 , T7= 3.5Kg B ha- 1 (Borax) T8= 5Kg Cu ha- 1 (CuSo4), untreated T9 tried with an standard dose of 230-115 Kg and NP ha -1 was (T10). The experiment was laid out in three replicated Randomized Complete Block Design. It was observed that plant height, tillers plant -1 , spike length, grains spike -1 , 1000 grain weight and grain yield ha -1 differed significant between all the treatments. Soil application of 6 Kg ha -1 Zn gave maximum grain yield of 5113.33 Kg ha -1 , this increscent in yield was associated with significant increase in tillers plant -1 of 20.81.Spike length of 13.84 cm, grain spike -1 of 71.95 and 1000 seed weight was 68.66 respectively. It is concluded that soil application of micronutrients were relatively more effective than foliar application in local soil condition. Among the micronutrients Zn applied at 6 Kg ha -1 , followed by 3 Kg Mg ha -1 and 3.5 Kg B ha -1 gave higher grain yield due to increased values in all yield related parameters.

Influence of Phytohormones on Callus Indication and Micrpropagation on Rose (Rosa indica L.)

Roses ( Rosa indica L.) is one of the greatest significant flower collection in the biosphere and have commercial value in decorative, therapeutic and cosmetic trade. Speedy development and construction of disease free plants through in vitro technique have played a dynamic part in broadcast of salable rose cultivars. The five diverse meditations of growth controller such as (MS + 2.00 mg L -1 ), (IBA + 2.00 mg L -1 ), (AA + 30 gL -1 sucrose), (MS + 2.00 mg L -1 ), (BAP + 3.00 mg L -1 ), (NAA +30 mg L -1 sucrose), (MS + 2.00 mg L -1 ), (BAP + 3.00 mg L -1 ), ( IAA + 30 mg L -1 sucrose), (MS + 4 mg L -1 ), (BAP + 2.00 mg L -1 ), (( IAA + 30 mg L -1 sucrose) and (MS + 3.00 mg L -1 ), (BAP + 3.00 mg L -1 ), (IAA + 30 mg L -1 sucrose for shoot induction. After establishment of plantlets, stem was cast off as explants foundation for the initiation of callus. It is concluded that the two different concentrations 2.00 and 4.00 mg L -1 of 2 to 4 D were better worked out for callus induction.

Analysis of Water Shortage and Socioeconomic Impacts on Jujube Growers of Taluka Hyderabad Rural, Sindh Pakistan

Water plays a vital role not only for survival of human being but it is also important for crops, animal and every creature which lives on the universe. Therefore; water shortage has some negative impacts on socioeconomic condition of jujube growers. Jujube ( Ziziphus jujube ) locally called ‘Beer’, is a native fruit of South Asia. Produced in moderate regions of different countries in the world: such as China, India, Pakistan, Syria, Malacca, Australia and Malaysia, Afghanistan, Iran and Russia. China is perhaps the most important country for jujube cultivation, where it is known as the “Chinese dates”, with hundreds of varieties, some being seedless. the study was conducted at Taluka Hyderabad Rural. Samples were randomly carried out from six villages (ten growers from each village) were selected, so the total sample size was 60 in numbers. Results exposed that education level of growers were primary 48 percent, secondary 27 percent, higher 18 percent and illiterate 7 percent respectively. Pattern of farming of growers in study area states that majority 29 percent of producer’s were full time and 71 percent of respondents were part time engaged in jujube growers. Mostly 67 percent of jujube farmers belong to medium income group, 18 percent were high income group and 15 percent were very low income group. Canal water unavailability to growers was 43 percent in study area. So government should take action to provide them excess of water for earning maximum profit.

Effect of Dextrose Sugar on the Growth and Production of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) through Tissue Culture

The study was conducted to investigate the dextrose sugar effect as carbon source on mycelial growth and production of Oyster mushroom ( Pleurotus ostreatus ). The experiment was performed in Mushroom Laboratory, Plant Pathology Section, Agriculture Research Institute, Tandojam, during 2013-2014. Mycelial growth was developed by using tissue culture on medium (PDA) potato dextrose agar with various concentrations of dextrose sugar. Analysis of variance for concentrations was statistically highly significant for all the parameters. In some cases among the different concentrations, 2.0% dextrose sugar showed after 2 days of micro propagation, the mycelial growth (1.9 cm) was recorded, followed by 1.5% dextrose sugar that showed (1.7 cm). The earlier spawn mycelia growth was observed in case of amending same 0/2% dextrose sugar (24.5 days). The pinhead first appeared (29.5 days) after the date of spawning by using 2.0% dextrose sugar. The minimum period (4.2 days) for maturation of mushroom fruiting body were recorded at 20% and 1.5% dextrose sugar. The maximum numbers of fruiting bodies (56.2) were observed with an application of dextrose sugar at 2.0%. The maximum number of bunches per bag (16.5) were harvested with an application of dextrose sugar 2.0%. The highest (350.5 g) fresh yield of Oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus was recorded from 2.0% am ended of dextrose sugar.

Evaluation of M2 Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Mutants for Yield and its Contributing Traits

The present research was conducted to evaluate the M 2 wheat mutant population for yield and its contributing traits. The experiment was conducted at Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tando Jam, during rabi season 2015-2016, in split plot design with three replications. Two wheat varieties (T. D-1 and ESW-9525) were treated with different levelsof gamma rays (150Gy, 200Gy, 250Gy, 300Gy and control) from NIMRA (Nuclear Institute of Medicine and Radiotherapy), Jamshoro. The mutated plants were evaluated along with parental lines (control) for yield and its contributing traits under field conditions. Genetic parameters viz., mean performance, were calculated such as days to 75 % heading, days to 75 % maturity, plant height (cm), spikelets spike -1 and spike length (cm). Mean square showed that there were significant differences between wheat varieties for days to 75% heading, days to 75% maturity, plant height (cm), spikelets spike -1 and spike length (cm) treatments of gamma radiation caused significant variation in all the traits studied. The interaction between treatments × varieties showed highly significant differences for the entire traits indicating that varieties responded differently for radiation treatments. Mean performance forspike length indicated that the longer spike (11.52 cm) was observed in T.D-1 at treatment four (T 4 =250 Gy) and treatment two (150 Gy) in ESW-9525 . Whereas, the shortest spike (10. 83 cm) wasobserved in the variety T.D-1 under control. The results regarding maximum mean performance ofspikelets spike -1 (24. 74) were recorded in ESW-9525 under treatment five at 300 Gy whereas the minimumvalue forspikelets spike -1 (18.76) were observed in T.D-1 under T 1 (18.76) at 0 Gy and T 4 at 250 Gy.

Distribution of Halophyte Plants in Relation to Properties of Salt-Affected Soils of District Thatta

The main objective of this study was to survey and collect some halophyte species capable of growing in highly salt affected soils and their distribution in relation to some soil properties of district Thatta. Sueda fruticosa, Tamarix aphylla, Ceriops candoleana, Cynodon dactylon, and Chenopodum album species were collected form Thatta. Soil samples were collected from the vicinity of each halophyte and were analyzed for pH, organic matter (OM), electrical conductivity (EC), soluble Na + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , HCO 3 - , Cl - , sodium absorption ratio (SAR), and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP). Halophytes species collected were analyzed for ion (Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and Cl - ) contents. Data regarding plant ionic composition showed that contents of Na + ranged between 3.7-6.9 %, K + 0.7-1.9 ,Ca +2 0.4--1.2 %, Mg 2+ 0.6-2.2 and Cl - contents between 0.1-0.8 in species collected from Thatta, respectively. Data further revealed that maximum Na + (6.9 and %) was recorded in Sueda fruticosa and Salsola indica, highest K + (1.9 %) was noted in Chenopodium album species, greatest Ca +2 (1.2 %) was documented in Sueda fruticosa species, highest Mg 2+ (2.2 %) was observed in Sueda fruticosa whereas, maximum Cl - (0.8 %) was noted in Sueda fruticosa collected from district Thatta, respectively. Data pertaining to soil properties indicated that EC of studied soils ranged between 7.0-18.4dS m -1 , pH 7.5-8.0. O.M 0.82-0.94 % , soluble Ca 2+ 17.3-33.3 meq L -1 , Mg 2+ 15.5-24.6 meq L -1 , Na + 43.6-83.4 meq L -1 , Ka + 3.20-4.50 meq L -1 , HCO 3 − 2.4-5.3 meq L -1 , Cl - 55.6-145.4 meq L -1 , SAR 10.2-17.1 whereas, ESP ranged between 12.2-19.6 % in soil samples collected from Thatta, respectively. It was concluded that halophyte species Sueda fruticosa, Tamarix aphylla, gallica, Salsola indica, Cyperus irria accumulate significant amounts of salt (Na + and Cl - )from salt-affected soil and, therefore, may remediate land to the point where native plants could invade and become established, or the site could be returned to agricultural productivity. These halophytes species have an excellent potential for rehabilitation of degraded salt affected soils.

To Evaluate the Performance of Bread Wheat Genotypes as Affected by Seed Priming Duration

Seed priming has been found effective to affect seed dormancy and improve germination. During this experiment two wheat genotypes (TD-1 and Kiran-95) were evaluated against treatments based on 05 seed priming durations (P 1 =0 hr (control), P 2 =6 hrs, P 3 =9 hrs, P 4 =12 hrs and P 5 =18 hrs) in four replicated RCBD at Agronomy experimental fields, ARI Tandojam. The traits related to crop growth and yield regardless of genotypes were significantly affected by the seed priming durations; while treatment interaction was non-significant (P>0.05). TD-1 wheat genotype proved to be superior in grain yield and associated as well as in harvest index with maximum germination (69.05/m 2 ), grain yield 4300.10 kg/ha and 50.99% harvest index as compared to genotype Kiran-95 with66.82/m 2 germination, grain yield 3784.20 kg/ha and 41.16% harvest index. Seed priming impact showed that 12 hrs seed priming was more effective than other durations with 76.933/m 2 seed germination, 4654.40 kg/ha grain yield and 50.37% harvest index; while 18 hrs seed priming resulted in 69.82 m -2 seed germination, 4278.40 kg/ha grain yield and 46.08% harvest index. The crop sown under 9 or 6 hrs seed priming produced lower values for all the traits; while the control remained the least. It was concluded that seed priming practice has proved to be highly beneficial for all the traits studied including grain yield, and the seed soaked for 12 hrs showed better results with higher grain yield of 4654 kg ha -1 and 50.37% harvest index as compared to rest of seed priming durations and control; while increasing seed priming duration up to 18 hrs affected the crop traits adversely. In varieties, the dwarf variety TD-1 showed r higher grain yield of 4300.10 kg ha -1 than Kiran-95 (3705.30 kg ha -1 ).

Impact of Climate Change on Sugarcane and Wheat Crops in District Hyderabad Sindh, Pakistan

Present research was conducted to observe the effect of climatically changes on agricultural crops, especially focusing on major climatic variable changes such as (temperature and rainfall) on wheat and sugarcane productions. Therefore this study is attempt to examine the climate change impact on production of wheat and sugarcane crops in Hyderabad district to measure the fluctuations every month during last 12 years from 2002 to 2014. Thus the following objectives were studied. To examine climate change (temperature and rainfall) scenario in the study area. To observe climate change impact on sugarcane and wheat crops of Hyderabad district, and to see the effect of temperature on the growth performance of wheat and sugarcane crop since 2002 to 2014. Findings of the study shows positive impact on sugarcane and wheat crop. Moreover 1 o C temperature increases then wheat yield increases 30.04 kgs/acre. Similarly 1 o C increase temperature increases sugarcane yield rise by the amount of 450 kgs/acre respectively. Additional, to see the average growth rate from 2002 to 2014, where it reveals that the temperature growth rate was increased 0.6 0 C in April. While 1 o C increased in June which is highest growth rate, similarly in July and August were 0.5 0 C and 0.5 0 C was increased respectively, Kharif temperature having increasing trend. Moreover in Rabi season there is high fluctuation in February which was 0.4 o C. It Is concluded that in last the trend of temperature fluctuations from 2002 to 2014. in the Kharif season temperature in April, May, June, July, August and September were 2.4, 1.25, 6.1, 0.85, 2.75, 3.55, moreover the fluctuations of Rabi season in October, November, December, January, February, March were average 2, 1.42, 1, 2.3, 1.1, and 2.2 respectively.

Response of Various Nitrogen Levels on the Growth and Yield Performance of Tomato ( Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.)

Nitrogen (N) fertilization at optimum quantity to cultivated plants is essential for sustainable crop productivity. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of nitrogen fertilizers on the growth and yield traits of tomato during 2016, at the experimental field of Orchard, Department of Horticulture, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam. Six nitrogen treatment doses were tested (T 1 =control (untreated), T 2 = 30 N kg ha -1 , T 3 = 60 N kg ha -1 , T 4 = 90 N kg ha -1 , T 5 = 120 N kg ha -1 and T 6 = 150 N kg ha -1 .). The data were recorded on the number of branches plant -1 , days to flowering, days to fruiting, number of fruits plant -1 , weight of single fruit (g), yield plot -1 and yield ha -1 (tons). The results demonstrated that N fertilization showed significant influence on both vegetative and reproductive traits of tomato. On the contrary, plants which were not fertilized with N displayed minimum values for all investigated traits. The highest N level (150 kg ha -1 ) showed maximum number of branches (5.51) plant -1 , minimum day to flowering (42.43) less days to fruiting (46.00), more fruits plant -1 (31.00) maximum weight of single fruit (46.50 g) and highest fruit yield plot -1 (21.01 kg) and per hectare (14008 tons), respectively. It was concluded that the crop growth and productivity was significantly influenced by various levels of nitrogen. However, 150 N kg ha -1 as compared to 120 N and other concentrations considerably displayed better performance in terms of vegetative and reproductive traits of tomato. Hence for optimum growth and economically higher yield, the tomato crop may be fertilized with 150 N kg ha -1 .

Effect of Varying Levels of Nitrogen on the Growth and Yield of Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.)

Nitrogen (N) fertilization at higher rates enhances the yield of crop plants; however, overuse of N in cultivation of crop not only decreased Nitrogen Use Efficiency of crop plants but caused severe environmental pollution. Hence, the optimum use of N is perquisite for sustainable development of Agriculture. This study was carried out during 2016, to evaluate the effect of various nitrogen applications on the economic performance of muskmelon. This research work was laid out at experimental site of Horticulture orchard SAU Tandojam with three replications in RCBD. The growth and yield performance of muskmelon was assessed by using six nitrogen (N) levels viz; 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg ha -1 . Two varieties including Chandny and golden tumbro were used in the current study.The result showed that effect of different nitrogen doses on the economic important parameters of muskmelon was significant (P<0.05) for all the studied traits. The crop fertilized with maximum N had positive effect on vegetative traits and produced tallest plants with more branches. Nitrogen also showed significant effects on fruits characteristics and produced plants with more fruits, highest weight and maximum yield. The results further reflected that there was a significant reduction in all vegetative and fruit contributing characters with each reduction in N application rate. The cultivars revealed a highly significant response to various N doses. The variety Golden Tumbro showed maximum vine length (201.00 cm), more branches vine -1 (3.4222), more fruit vine -1 (6.7339), highest fruits weight vine -1 (3.0056), maximum single fruit weight (656.83 g), fruit yield plot -1 (4.4450 kg) and fruit yield (24.635 t ha -1 ).