Arum Sekar Wulandari

The Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Humid Acid Toward Balsa (Ochroma bicolor Rowlee.) Growth on Soil Contaminated by Lead (Pb)

The aims of this research were to analyze the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and humid acid toward balsa (Ochroma bicolor Rowlee.) growth on soil contaminated by lead (Pb) and to analyze Pb accumulation in balsa. This study used a split split plot design. The main plot was AMF with 5 levels; without AMF (A0), AMF from secondary forest (A1), AMF from rubber natural forest (A2), AMF from oil palm plantations (A3), and AMF from rubber plantations (A4). The subplot was humic acid with 2 levels; no humic acid (B0) and 100 mL humic acid (B1). The sub subplot was Pb with 3 levels; 0 ppm Pb (C0), 500 ppm Pb (C1), and 750 ppm Pb (C2). Observations of balsa seedlings was done until age of 22 weeks after planting in the greenhouse. Variables observed were height (cm), diameter (mm), shoot dry weight (g), root dry weight (g), FMA colonization (%), and the accumulation of Pb (ppm). The role of AMF and humic acid was more effective on the soil with 0 ppm of Pb than at 500 ppm of Pb and 750 ppm of Pb. AMF from rubber natural forest was the most effective AMF to increase diameter, root dry weight and shoot dry weight. Humic acid was able to increase the growth of height of 22.87% and diameter of 24.86% better than no humic acid. Pb accumulation in the entire plant tissue was more than 1000 ppm. It inhibited the growth of balsa seedlings and causing dead in 17.52% plant.

PERAN FUNGI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA (FMA) DAN ASAM HUMAT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BALSA (Ochroma bicolor Rowlee.) PADA TANAH TERKONTAMINASI TIMBAL (Pb)

The aims of this research were to analyze the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and humid acid toward balsa ( Ochroma bicolor Rowlee.) growth on soil contaminated by lead and to analyze Pb accumulation in balsa. This study used a split split plot design. The main plot was AMF with 5 levels; without AMF (A0), AMF from secondary forest (A1), AMF from rubber natural forest (A2), AMF from oil palm plantations (A3), and AMF from rubber plantations (A4). The subplot was humic acid with 2 levels; no humic acid (B0) and 100 mL humic acid (B1). The sub subplot was Pb with 3 levels; 0 ppm Pb (C0), 500 ppm Pb (C1), and 750 ppm Pb (C2). The role of AMF and humic acid was more effective on the soil with 0 ppm of Pb than at 500 ppm of Pb and 750 ppm of Pb. AMF from rubber natural forest was the most effective AMF to increase diameter, root dry weight and shoot dry weight. Humic acid was able to increase the growth of height of 22.87% and diameter of 24.86% better than no humic acid. Pb accumulation in the entire plant tissue was more than 1000 ppm. It inhibited the growth of balsa seedlings and causing dead in 17.52% plant.

Regenerasi Tunas Adventif Dari Eksplan Daun Tembesu (Fagraea Fragrans Roxb.) Melalui Teknik Kultur Jaringan (Regeneration of Adventitious Shoots From Leaf Explant of Tembesu (Fagraea Fragrans Roxb.) by Tissue Culture)

ABSTRACT embesu (Fagraea fragrans Roxb.) is one of native tree species in peatland forest and has high economical values. Sufficient amount in time of qualified seedlings is needed to support peatland rehabilitation program, and it can be achieved by tissue culture. The objective of the research was to find out the best modification medium of MS based on concentration of nitrogen and BAP for induction and multiplication of adventitious shoot from leaves. The protocol of tissue culture consisted of preparation of plant material, adventitious shoots induction, shoots multiplication, shoots elongation, rooting and seedling acclimatization. The results showed (1) addition of BAP 1.5 ppm on MS medium (80 mmol N) induced adventitious shoots from leaves; (2) addition of BAP 0.1 ppm on MS medium (80 mmol N) stimulated the highest multiplication of shoots; (3). clone 2 was the best explant on elongation and rooting stage; (4). clone 4 was the best explant in acclimatization stage. Keywords : Fagraea fragrans, tissue culture, medium, organogenesis ABSTRAK Tembesu (Fagraea fragrans Roxb.) merupakan jenis pohon yang mampu tumbuh di hutan rawa gambut dan bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Untuk mendukung program rehabilitasi lahan gambut, maka diperlukan bibit yang berkualitas, jumlah yang cukup dan tepat waktu. Upaya yang diperlukan dalam menyediakan bibit tersebut adalah perbanyakan bibit melalui teknik kultur jaringan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan komposisi media tumbuh MS dan zat pengatur tumbuh yang tepat dalam pembentukan dan perbanyakan tunas adventif dari daun tembesu. Metode penelitian terdiri dari persiapan bahan tanaman, induksi tunas adventif, perbanyakan tunas adventif, elongasi, pengakaran dan aklimatisasi. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil yang terbaik yaitu (1) untuk menginduksi tunas adventif diperlukan media MS (80 mmol N) dengan penambahan BAP 1,5 ppm; (2) untuk perbanyakan tunas adventif diperlukan media MS (60 mmol N) dengan penambahan 0,1 ppm BAP; (3) pada tahap elongasi dan pengakaran lebih baik menggunakan tunas adventif dari klon 2; dan (4) pada tahap aklimatisasi lebih baik menggunakan tunas adventif klon 4. Kata kunci : Fagraea fragrans, kultur jaringan, media, organogenesis