Arup Roy

Occurrence and role of algae and fungi in acid mine drainage environment with special reference to metals and sulfate immobilization

Passive remediation of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is a popular technology under development in current research. Roles of algae and fungi, the natural residents of AMD and its attenuator are not emphasized adequately in the mine water research. Living symbiotically various species of algae and fungi effectively enrich the carbon sources that help to maintain the sulfate reducing bacterial (SRB) population in predominantly anaerobic environment. Algae produce anoxic zone for SRB action and help in biogenic alkalinity generation. While studies on algal population and actions are relatively available those on fungal population are limited. Fungi show capacity to absorb significant amount of metals in their cell wall, or by extracellular polysaccharide slime. This review tries to throw light on the roles of these two types of microorganisms and to document their activities in holistic form in the mine water environment. This work, inter alia, points out the potential and gap areas of likely future research before potential applications based on fungi and algae initiated AMD remediation can be made on sound understanding.

MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CaO NANOPARTICLES

Calcium oxide (CaO) is an important inorganic compound, which is used across various industries as catalyst, toxic-waste remediation agent, adsorbent, etc. CaO nanoparticles were obtained by the microwave irradiation technique, using Ca(NO3)2 ⋅ 4H2O and NaOH as starting materials. The formation of monocrystalline CaO nanoparticles was confirmed by the XRD (X-ray diffraction) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) as well as by SAED (selected area electron diffraction) analysis. The structure of the CaO nanocrystal was found to be cubic with particle size, 24 nm and surface area, 74 m2/g.

Antibiotic Resistance and Herbal Treatment of Bacterial Fish Pathogens Causing Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome

In in vitro screenings of antibiotics against the two most commonly found opportunistic bacteria related to epizootic ulcerative syndrome of fishes—Aeromonas hydrophila (MTCC 646) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (MTCC 103)—gentamycin, ofloxacin, kanamycin, and tobramycin were effective. The antibacterial screening of plant extracts revealed that both aqueous and methanolic extract of Terminalia chebula, Polyalthia longifolia, Terminalia bellerica, and Phyllanthus emblica were sensitive against the bacterial strains. Methanolic extracts of all the plant species demonstrated higher antibacterial property than the hot aqueous extracts.

Nanotechnology in Industrial Wastewater Treatment

Nanotechnology in Industrial Wastewater Treatment is a state of the art reference book. The book is particularly useful for wastewater technology development laboratories and organizations. All professional and academic areas connected with environmental engineering, nanotechnology based wastewater treatment and related product design are incorporated and provide an essentialresource. The book describes the application and synthesis of Ca-based and magnetic nano-materials and their potential application for removal/treatment of heavy metals from wastewater. Nanotechnology in Industrial Wastewater Treatment discusses the rapid wastewater treatment methods using Ca-based nanomaterials and magnetic nanomaterials. This is an emerging area of new science and technology in wastewater treatment. The main audiences for the book are water industry professionals, research scholars and students in the area of Environmental Engineering and Nanotechnology. ISBN: 9781780406886 (eBook) ISBN: 9781780406879 (Print)

MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CaS NANOPARTICLES

CaS nanoparticles have been synthesized by microwave irradiation, using Ca(Ac)2 as Ca-precursor, and thioacetamide as S-source. The as-prepared sample has a uniform morphology and high purity. After heat treatment similar results were observed. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray powder analysis (XRD), field emission scanning microscopy (FESEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction patterns suggest the formation of single cubical face of CaS having average particle size of 22 nm. HRTEM micrographs reveal well dispersed cubical morphology with a size distribution of 18–30 nm. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy shows absorption at 268 nm. In nutshell, microwave irradiation is proved to be a convenient, efficient and environmental-friendly one-step route to synthesize nanoparticles.