Arzyana Sunkar

Low Resource Use and High Yield Concept in Climate-Smart Community Empowerment

Assuring food, energy and water security is a great challenge for government and development agencies. In addition to many critical lands that were left barren, different cases have shown that land clearance to satisfy food production and increase income has often used quick and cheap methods. These human-driven activities have become terrifying images of climate change. Various analyses have indicated that socio-economic circumstances are generally more important considerations in designing effective conservation methods for households faced with the primary need to survive and satisfy basic needs. These reinforced that sustainable development must focus on the power of local people to manage the environment on which they depend. Using the Bangkalan Madura region of East Java and peat swamp areas of four provinces in Indonesia as examples, this chapter discusses the drivers behind the successful implementation of a community empowerment model in responding to climate change and at the same time developing livelihood strategies for food, energy and water security as well as improving economic welfare by enhancing resource use efficiency. The presence of high social capital of Bangkalan community and readily available free agricultural inputs in the peatland provinces were also significant factors. This chapter concludes that the low resource use and high yield concept in empowerment programme is the key success to an effective climate change mitigation and adaptation, as well as enhancing community livelihood. This chapter also highlights the need of policy shift, the sustainability and scalability of the programme.

Community Social Capital in the Ecotourism Development of Gunung Padang Site, Cianjur, West Java

The Gunung Padang Site (GPS) is located in Karyamukti Village, Campaka subdistrict, Cianjur District, and is believed by locals to be a legacy of Prabu/King Siliwangi. The location is recognized by the tourism industry as a tourist destination but there has been limited research on its tourism development, particularly in respect of the community’s social capital (which could play an important role in the success of its tourism and ecotourism). This research was designed to provide data on social capital in the community around GPS, and employed interviews based on a modified ‘Social Capital Assessment Tools’ questionnaire. The findings indicate that the community of Karyamukti Village has positive social capital that could be exploited for the ecotourism development of GPS. Community members trust the GPS management (with the exception of the Kompepar). They also trust their informal leader. There are small number of people who still practice customary law, which could be beneficial as a tourist attraction. The community tends to be open towards visitors and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). In terms of networking, the people are involved in various social networks, and have started to develop links with other stakeholders. They have taken proactive action in relation to experience sharing, participation in social organizations, and protection of the environment. However, there was also a negative side to their social capital: they still retain some jealousy of each other with regard to job opportunities. This could pose a threat to the success of any tourism development in that there would likely be unfair competition by individuals or subgroups, which in turn could affect tourism operations in the location.

ALTERNATIF STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN TAMAN WISATA ALAM KAWAH KAMOJANG KABUPATEN BANDUNG PROPINSI JAWA BARAT

This observation objection to cover bird diversity in Sibau Watershed, Betung Kerihun National Park (BKNP). The observation was done in along river (Sibau Rill, Sibau River, Apyang River, Menyakan River) and hill (Menyakan Hulu Hill and Apyang Hill) and point at transect. That habitat is riverine. Amount of bird was found are 93 species from 31 family with 39 species new record for Sibau Watershed. The large abundance is Edible-nest Swiftlet (Collocalia fuciphaga), and than folowwed by Asian Palm-swift (Cypsiurus balasiensis) and Whiskered Treeswift (Hemiprocne comata). The total individu was found is 660 individu with vaule of diversity index is 3.7618 and evennes index is 0.8299. The five bird species is endemic to the Borneo, one species is Appendix I CITES, 13 species is Appendix II CITES, 26 species is protected, and five species is treathened.Canarium and Acacia plants are commonly used as urban forest and shade plants on the right-left side of streets. Identifying the effect of air pollution to the growth and microscopic anatomy of the leaves will be beneficial in predicting air quality condition of the location. Result of the research showed that canarium plants exposed to air pollutant emission showed a lower diameter growth and higher stoma density compare to the ones unexposed to pollutant. Acacia plants exposed to air pollutant emission showed smaller amount of diameter growth, height growth, length of upper side stomata, length of lower side stomata, leaves thickness, lower side palisade tissue thickness and sponge tissue thickness compare to the plants unexposed to pollutant. Acacia plant was more sensitive to air pollutant because more tissues experienced disturbance and destruction. Acacia plant might be a bioindicator of air pollution.