Aslam Bukero

Influence of Varying Temperature on Life Stages of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) under Laboratory Conditions

A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the influence of different temperatures on life stages of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) on frozen eggs of Sitotroga crealella . The study was conducted under laboratory conditions at Department of Plant Protection, SAU, Tandojam Sindh, Pakistan during 2013-14. The result revealed that the maximum hatching 88 % of eggs was recorded at 28 oC followed by 25, 31, 22, 34 and 37 oC. The highest mortality (dx) was recorded in first instar at 34 oC followed by at 22, 31, 37, 25 and 28 oC, whereas, minimum (dx) was recorded in third instar and pupal stages as well. The highest and lowest apparent mortality (100qx) was observed in the first instar and egg stages at 37 oC. The data further depicted that the highest survival fraction (Sx) was recorded as (0.98) in second instar, third instar and pupa at 28 oC, whereas, the lowest (Sx) was observed as (0.13) in the first instar at 37 oC. The maximum indispensable mortality (IM) was 42 in egg stage at 37 oC and lowest 1.0 in pupal stage at all temperature regimes. The number of the surviving at the beginning of the stage (lx) was highest 39 adults emerged at 28 oC followed by 31, 24, 20 and 5 adults emerged at 25, 31, 22 and 34 oC, respectively. On the other hand, minimum total generation mortality (K) was recorded as 0.11 at 28 oC followed by 0.21, 0.32, 0.40, and 1.00 at 25, 31, 22 and 34 oC, respectively. The minimum duration from egg to adult emergence was 12.0 days at 34 oC and maximum 23.5 days at 22 oC. There was significant difference between the duration and treatments ( P<0.05 ). It is concluded that the maximum mortality was recorded at 37 oC in egg and first instar stages, no any stage was survived after second instar. The temperature ranges from 25 to 31 oC have been proved suitable for the development of C. carnea. . However, 1 st and 2 nd instar survived for short period at 37 oC only.

Rearing of Adult Green Lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) on Different Artificial Diets in the laboratory

A laboratory study was conducted on rearing of adult Green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) on different artificial diets. Study was conducted under laboratory conditions at Department of Plant Protection, SAU, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan during 2013-14 to determined better artificial diet for mass rearing of adult C. carnea . Six diets containing water:honey:yeast i.e., D 1 (20ml:2g:2g), D 2 (20ml:4g:2g), D 3 (20ml:6g:2g), water:sugar:yeast D 4 (20ml:2g:2g), D 5 (20ml:4g:2g), D 6 (20 ml:6g:2g) and two diets containing water:gur:yeast i.e., D 7 (20ml:2g:2g), D 8 (20ml:4g:2g), D 9 (20 ml:6g:2g) were tested. The results showed that maximum pre-oviposition period (11.5 ± 3.95 days) recorded, oviposition period (18.0 ± 0.91 days) and post-oviposition period (5.0 ± 0.71 days) was recorded on D 4 , D 9 and D 1 ,respectively. Minimum pre-oviposition period (7.25 ± 0.25 days), oviposition period (5.0 ± 1.73 days) and post-oviposition period (2.5 ± 0.87 days) was recorded on D 8 ,D 4 ,and D 7 ,respectively. The highest fecundity (342.5 ± 89.55 eggs) was recorded on D 9 , whereas the lowest fecundity (42.5 ± 5.48 eggs) was recorded on D 4 . The eggs laid by female fed on D 4 took lesser time (1.75 ± 0.66 days) to hatch. Maximum larval and pupal longevity was recorded in larvae of adults fed on D 9 . The adults lived longer for 30.0 ± 0.91 days on D 9 . The maximum egg hatching (55 %), larval-pupal transformation (45 %) and adults emergence (30 %) was recorded on D 9. It is concluded that D 9 was found the best one for mass rearing of adult C. carnea .

Feeding Potential of Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius) Against Sucking Insect Pests

This laboratory experiment was conducted to find out the feeding performance and larval development of Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricuis) on Aphis gossypii (Glov.), Bemisia tabaci (Ginn.) and Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Distant) at 26 ± 2ÂoC temperature and 65 ± 5% relative humidity. The result indicated that the 3 rd and 4 th instar larvae of the beetle consumed 76.20 ± 3.44 and 79.7 ± 0.77 nymphs of A. gossypii /day followed by (23.0 ± 0.77) and (23.4 ± 0.75) nymphs of B. tabaci and (19.73 ± 1.17) and (21.55 ± 0.77) nymphs of A. b. biguttula , respectively as compared to 1 st and 2 nd instar larvae. Adult female consumed maximum (101.0 ± 0.55) nymphs of A. gossypii /day followed by (26.90 ± 0.27) nymphs of B. tabaci and (22.16 ± 0.20) nymphsof A. b. biguttula as compared to male. The result further revealed that the 4 th instar larva consumed highest number 159.4 ± 7.35 of A. gossypii nymphs during its life span followed by (93.8 ± 3.02) and (86.2 ± 3.09) nymphs of B. tabaci and A. b. biguttula, respectively. Similarly, the adult female devoured highest number of nymphs (3040.2 ± 26.4) of A. gossypii followed by B. tabaci (807.0±8.1) and A. b. biguttula (664.98±6.0) during its life span as compare to male. The shortest life span was recorded on A. gossypii as compared to A. b. biguttula and B. tabaci, There was highly significant difference in consumption rate and development period of larvae and adult beetles on different prey species ( P <0.05).

Impact of Different Oils as Biopesticide against Sucking Insect Pests in Cotton

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of various botanical products on population of sucking complex on cotton crop. The study was conducted at the experimental area of Entomology section, Agriculture Research Institute, Tando Jam during the Kharif Season-2004. Five bio-pesticides i.e. neem oil (500ml/acre), cooking oil (750 ml/acre), linseed oil (750ml/acre), hing (290gm/acre) and cotton oil (750ml/acre) were applied twice against sucking complex (jassid, thrip and whitefly) and compared with an untreated control. It was observed that the efficacy of different bio-pesticides against sucking complex (jassid, whitefly and thrips) varied significantly. All products reduced pest population during both sprays. On an average, neem oil (63.27%) and cotton oil (62.01%) were found to be superior in reducing sucking pest, followed by hing (58.25%), cooking oil (57.18%) and linseed oil (55.24%) respectively.

Searching Ability of Pupal Parasitoid, Dirhinus giffardii (Silvestri) on Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) at Various Depths of Plant Debris

The present study was carried out to determine the searching ability of pupal parasitoid, Dirhinus giffardii of Bactrocera zonata in the Bio Control Research Laboratory, Department of Entomology, SAU, Tandojam, at temperature 27 ± 1ÂoC and 60 ± 5% relative humidity. Adults of fruit fly were fed with water, sugar and needo milk powder, whereas, Dirhinus giffardii were fed with honey and water solution. Ten days old D. giffardies were used against 20 pupae of Bactrocera zonata in the experiment and data recorded on parasitized pupae and un-parasitized pupae after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The results in all treatments indicates that highest parasitized pupae were at peak level of (16.66) after 72 hours age of pupae on the depth of 0 cm in plant debris followed by 4 cm depth (16.33), whereas lowest parasitized pupae were recorded at 5cm depth (13.66) after 72 hours of age inside plant debris. Likewise, the highest un-parasitized pupae were at peak level of (14.00) after 24 hours of age of pupae on the depth of 3cm in plant debris followed by 1cm depth (13.00), whereas lowest un parasitized pupae were recorded at 4cm depth (11.66) after 24 hours of age inside plant debris. The analysis of variance indicated that there wasno significant difference among the parasitized and unparasitized pupae of flies in the different depths of plant debris and age intervals ( P<0.05 ). It is concluded that the highest parasitized pupae were determined at plant debris of 0 cm, followed by 2cm, 5cm, 4cm, 1cm, and 3cm, respectively. In case of age intervals the highest parasitized pupae were recorded after 72 hours old pupae followed by 48 hours, 96 hours and 24 hours, respectively.