Auri Brackmann

Qualidade da maçã "Fuji" sob condições de atmosfera controlada

The experiment was carried out at NPP/UFSM during 1993. Apple fruits of cultivar Fuji were stored for eight months in controlled atmosphere aiming to establish the best storage conditions. The experimental design was completely randomized with three rephcations. The treatments were combinations of CO2 and O2 concentrations in high and low relative humity and low ethylene concentration. Relative humity (RH) was maintained around 97% for treatments with high RH and around 75% for treatments with low RH. Low ethylene was mantained by constant absortion with potassium permanganate. After storage fruit firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity, rot and internal breakdown were evaluated. The highest fruit firmness, TSS and acidity values were obtained when O2 decreased from 2.0% to 1.0% with no CO2. Low RH decreased breakdown incidence and by the desidratation effect increased fruit firmness and TSS. Low ethylene mantained higher firmness and acidity, but did not reduce internal breakdown. There was no difference among treatments in relation to rot.

Qualidade da maçã cv. Gala tratada com 1-metilciclopropeno

The objective of this work was to verify the efficacy of the initial application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and the effect of different reapplication dosis after 4 months of cold storage on quality of apple cv. Gala. The treatments originated from the combination between application time (at storage and after four months of storage) and dosis of 1-MCP (0, 312, 625nLL-1). The treatments were: 0+0nLL-1; 0+312nLL-1; 0+625nLL-1; 625+0nLL-1; 625+312nLL-1 and 625+625nLL-1. After 180 days of storage at 0.5oC and 14 days at 20oC, the initial application of 625nLL-1 of 1-MCP provided the highest flesh firmness, titratable acidity and maintained fruit skin greener. However, there was no effect on fruit decay and total soluble solid content. The reapplication of 1-MCP, after four months of storage, showed no effect on fruit quality. The application of 1-MCP after 14 days at 20°C at the beginning of the storage period, independently of the reapplication, maintained higher flesh firmness, higher levels of TSS and titratable acidity, greener skin color and lower decay incidence.

Respiratory quotient: innovative method for monitoring ‘Royal Gala’ apple storage in a dynamic controlled atmosphere

Apples (Malus domestica, Borkh.) which are not stored at low temperature or in a properly controlled atmosphere (CA) may have a high metabolic rate during the postharvest stage resulting in losses in quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of ‘Royal Gala’ apple fruit stored in accordance with a new method of dynamic controlled atmosphere (DCA).The respiratory quotient (RQ) was monitored at two temperatures which were then compared using a commercially available technology based on chlorophyll fluorescence DCA (DCA-CF) and static CA. Ethylene production and respiration rates were lower in apples stored in DCA than in CA, as a result of lower 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase activity, especially in apples stored in DCA-RQ2. Flesh firmness of apples stored in DCA did not differ from those stored in CA. Apples stored at 1 °C had less flesh breakdown occurrence and a high percentage of healthy fruit. ‘Royal Gala’ stored at DCA-RQ2 had less flesh breakdown than apples stored in CA; however, the apples stored in DCA-CF did not differ from those stored in DCA-RQ2 and CA. Apples stored at the highest RQ value (6 and 4), especially at 0.5 °C, had low O2 injury occurrence after storage. However the increase in temperature to 1.0 °C, reduced the occurrence of this disorder. Therefore, storage in DCA-RQ2 at 1 °C or DCA-CF at 0.5 °C are the recommendations of preference for ensuring maintenance of quality in ‘Royal Gala’ apples after eight months of storage.

Armazenamento de pêssegos (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch), cv. Chiripá, em atmosfera controlada

O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar diferentes pressoes parciais de O2 e CO2 durante o armazenamento em atmosfera controlada (AC) sobre a qualidade fisico-quimica de pessegos, cv. Chiripa. As pressoes parciais de gases avaliadas foram: 0,8kPaO2/3kPaCO2; 1kPaO2/3kPaCO2; 1kPaO2/4kPaCO2; 1kPaO2/5kPaCO2; 2kPaO2/6kPaCO2; 2kPaO2/7kPaCO2, 2kPaO2/8kPaCO2, ar/10kPaCO2 e tratamento-controle, mantido sob armazenamento refrigerado (AR). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repeticoes de 20 frutos. As avaliacoes foram realizadas apos 4 e 8 semanas de armazenamento a -0,5oC ± 0,2oC, mais 2 dias a 20oC. Os resultados evidenciaram que o controle de atmosfera reduz a degradacao da clorofila da epiderme e a perda de peso, porem tem pouco efeito sobre a firmeza, teor de so lidos soluveis totais (SST) e acidez titulavel dos frutos. A pressao parcial de 1kPa de O2, associada a 3kPa de CO2, reduz a manifestacao dos sintomas de lanosidade durante 8 semanas de armazenamento. A incidencia de podridoes dos frutos e reduzida quando armazenados sob a condicao de 2kPa de O2, associada a 8kPa de CO2. Tanto o armazenamento refrigerado quanto o armazenamento sob atmosfera controlada mantem boa qualidade dos frutos por quatro semanas a -0,5oC, mais 2 dias a 20oC. Oito semanas de armazenamento em AC e um periodo muito prolongado para uma satisfatoria manutencao da qualidade de pessegos da cultivar Chiripa. A elevada incidencia de podridoes e de lanosidade sao as causas que mais contribuem para a reducao da qualidade de pessegos, cv. Chiripa, durante periodos prolongados de armazenamento.

Conservação de três genótipos de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) do grupo carioca em armazenamento refrigerado e em atmosfera controlada

Engenheiro Agronomo, Doutora, Professora, UFSM.RESUMOO objetivo deste trabalho foi de avaliar o efeito doarmazenamento refrigerado (AR) e de atmosfera controlada(AC), sobre a cor do tegumento, germinacao, umidade do grao,ocorrencia de pragas e facilidade de cozimento de tres genotiposde feijao do grupo carioca (‘Carioca’, ‘Perola’ e a linhagemM91-012). O delineamento experimental utilizado foiinteiramente casualizado, com tres repeticoes, com os seguintestratamentos: ar em temperatura ambiente (convencional);armazenamento refrigerado a 0oC (AR); fluxo de N

Effect of 1-MCP applied at different times during cold and Ca storage

ABSTRACT - The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of 1-MCP applied at different period during the cold storage (CS) and in controlledatmosphere (CA) on the quality of ‘Quioto’. Persimmon. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replication s of 30 fruits andthe tested treatments were: cold storage (CS), cold storage + 1-MCP (1000ppb) in the beginning of the storage, cold storage + 1-MCP (1000ppb) in theend of the storage period; storage in controlled atmosphere (CA) with 1kPa of O 2 and 5kPa of CO 2 and 1kPa of O 2 and 5kPa of CO 2 + 1-MCP in the endof the storage, after 2 months of storage at –0.5°C, plus 5 days at 10°C and 3 days at 20°C. In the cooled storage, the 1-MCP, applied as in thebeginning of the storage as in the end of the storage, provided greater pulp firmness. For the parameters: total soluble solids, rottenness anddarkening of the peel didn’t have statistics difference between the treatments. There were no statistics differences between th e treatments for totalsoluble solids, rottenness and darkning of the peel. In conclusion 1-MCP applied in the beginning or end of storage period mant ained high firmmness.

Efeito da temperatura e condições de atmosfera controlada sobre a conservação de caqui (Diospyrus kaki, L.)

The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of the temperatures and controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions on the quality of persimmons during storage. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Santa Maria, from March to July, 1994 with the cultivars Taubate, Bauru and Fuyu. The fruits of all cultivars were harvested with yellow-green epidermis color. Taubate and Bauru fruits were stored at - 0.5°C and + 0.5°C, Fuyu was stored only at + 0.5°C. All cultivars were stored in controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions of 8% CO2/2% O2 and 4% CO2/1% O2, Taubate and Bauru cultivars were also stored in air. After 85 days of storage, the pulp firmness, decay incidence and organoleptical quality were evaluated. Fruits stored in air exhibited high pulp firmness due to the withering, and low rate of decay. Fruits of Taubate and Bauru cultivars stored in CA 8% CO2/2% O2 at - 0,5°C had higher pulp firmness and smaller decay incidence. Fuyu cultivar evaluated at + 0.5°C, 8% CO2/2% O2 condition showed higher firmness and lower decay incidence. After five days in shelf life, sensorial evaluation did not show off flavour on fruits stored in CA.

Conservação pós-colheita de flores

Physiological and enviromental factors acelerate deterioration of flowers after the harvest. Use of adequate conservation technology increase the life of flowers after harvest. This review analyses postharvest deterioration causes and discuss the main technics that can delay senescence and increase conservation of cut flowers and potted plants.

Processing quality of potato tubers produced during autumn and spring and stored at different temperatures

The objective of this work was to access processing quality of potato clones (Solanum tuberosum) Asterix, SMINIA793101-3, and Missaukee cultivated during spring and autumn growing seasons and stored at 4, 8, 12, or 25oC. Clones grown in spring had shorter dormancy than clones grown in autumn. Potato tubers grown in spring and autumn and stored at 4oC, as well as tubers grown in autumn and stored at 8oC had no sprouting for six months. Among clones grown in autumn, the longest dormancy period during storage at 12oC was observed in the clone SMINIA793101-3, and at 25oC was in the clone Asterix. In potato tubers grown in spring, the longest dormancy period during storage at 8oC was observed in the clones SMINIA793101-3 and Missaukee, at 12oC was in the clone SMINIA793101-3, and at 25oC was in the clones Asterix and Missaukee. Potato tubers grown in spring had higher dry matter, starch content, and respiration rates, and lower reducing sugar, and total polyphenol content. The only exception was the Missaukee that had similar dry matter content in both growing seasons. In general, storage at 4oC and 8oC were more effective in reducing respiration rates and maintaining higher dry mater content of potato tubers. Chip darkening, reducing sugars, and total polyphenol content increased during storage of potato tubers. Darker chip color, higher reducing sugars and polyphenol content were obtained during storage at temperatures of 4oC and 8oC. These results suggest that the best storage temperature depends on genotype, tuber physiological age, and growing conditions.

Maçã 'Gala' armazenada em atmosfera controlada e tratada com aminoetoxivinilglicina e ethephon

Abstract – The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of preharvest sprays of aminoethoxyvinylglycine(AVG) combined or not with ethephon on the quality of ‘Gala’ apples stored in controlled atmosphere. Thetreatments were: control, ethephon (140 g ha -1 ), AVG (125 g ha ), AVG (125 g ha -1 ) + ethephon (140 g ha -1 ), AVG(95 g ha -1 ) and AVG (95 g ha ) + ethephon (140 g ha -1 ). These treatments were combined with harvest date at 131,138 and 145 days after full bloom. The AVG and ethephon were applied 30 and 7 days before the first harvest,respectively. The application of AVG, combined or not with ethephon, afforded fruits with higher flesh firmness,greener peel color, reduced rot and physiological disorders incidence, lowered ethylene production and respiration.Fruits treated with ethephon showed a quality like control fruits. Application of ethephon in AVG treated plantsdid not affect the efficiency of AVG in the quality of apples after storage.Index terms: Malus domestica