Ricardo Fabiano Hettwer Giehl

Qualidade da maçã cv. Gala tratada com 1-metilciclopropeno

The objective of this work was to verify the efficacy of the initial application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and the effect of different reapplication dosis after 4 months of cold storage on quality of apple cv. Gala. The treatments originated from the combination between application time (at storage and after four months of storage) and dosis of 1-MCP (0, 312, 625nLL-1). The treatments were: 0+0nLL-1; 0+312nLL-1; 0+625nLL-1; 625+0nLL-1; 625+312nLL-1 and 625+625nLL-1. After 180 days of storage at 0.5oC and 14 days at 20oC, the initial application of 625nLL-1 of 1-MCP provided the highest flesh firmness, titratable acidity and maintained fruit skin greener. However, there was no effect on fruit decay and total soluble solid content. The reapplication of 1-MCP, after four months of storage, showed no effect on fruit quality. The application of 1-MCP after 14 days at 20°C at the beginning of the storage period, independently of the reapplication, maintained higher flesh firmness, higher levels of TSS and titratable acidity, greener skin color and lower decay incidence.

Maçã 'Gala' armazenada em atmosfera controlada e tratada com aminoetoxivinilglicina e ethephon

Abstract – The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of preharvest sprays of aminoethoxyvinylglycine(AVG) combined or not with ethephon on the quality of ‘Gala’ apples stored in controlled atmosphere. Thetreatments were: control, ethephon (140 g ha -1 ), AVG (125 g ha ), AVG (125 g ha -1 ) + ethephon (140 g ha -1 ), AVG(95 g ha -1 ) and AVG (95 g ha ) + ethephon (140 g ha -1 ). These treatments were combined with harvest date at 131,138 and 145 days after full bloom. The AVG and ethephon were applied 30 and 7 days before the first harvest,respectively. The application of AVG, combined or not with ethephon, afforded fruits with higher flesh firmness,greener peel color, reduced rot and physiological disorders incidence, lowered ethylene production and respiration.Fruits treated with ethephon showed a quality like control fruits. Application of ethephon in AVG treated plantsdid not affect the efficiency of AVG in the quality of apples after storage.Index terms: Malus domestica

Condições de atmosfera controlada para a maçã Pink Lady

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of temperatures and O 2 and CO 2 partial pressures on the quality of ‘Pink Lady’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) during controlled atmosphere storage. The following treatments were evaluated: 1.5kPa of O 2 + 1.0kPa of CO 2 at –0.5°C, and 1.5kPa of O2 + 1.0kPa of CO 2; 1.5kPa of O 2 + 2.0kPa of CO 2 ; 1.0kPa of O 2 + 1.0kPa of CO 2 ; 1.0kPa of O 2 + <0.5kPa of CO 2 ; cold atmosphere (20.8kPa of O2 + <0.5kPa of CO2) at +0.5°C. Quality evaluations were carried out after nine months of storage followed by seven days of shelf-life at 20°C. Fruits kept at controlled atmosphere conditions showed the lowest occurrence of rots, the highest flesh firmness and the highest total soluble solid, compared to cold stored fruits. The best partial pressure to keep the quality of ‘Pink Lady’ apple were 1.5kPa of O2 + 1.0kPa of CO 2 at –0.5°C, and 1.5kPa of O 2 + 1.0kPa of CO 2 ; 1.5kPa of O 2 + 2.0kPa of CO 2 at +0.5oC. On the other hand, the partial pressures 1.0kPa of O2 + 1.0kPa of CO 2 and 1.0kPa of O 2 + <0.5kPa of CO 2 showed the highest occurrence of rots and senescent breakdown incidence, respectively. Controlled atmosphere conditions, compared to cold stored, kept higher quality /

Armazenamento de pêssegos cv. "Granada" em atmosfera controlada, visando ao transporte a longas distâncias

This research was aimed at evaluating controlled atmosphere (CA) and temperature conditions for storing of cv. Granada peach fruit harvested at two ripening stages aiming the transport of fruit for distant market, such as Europe. Treatments evaluated were six storage conditions and two ripening stages. The storage conditions were: [1] cold storage (20.8kPa de O2 +<0.5kPa de CO2); controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions with [2] 6.0kPa de O2 + 15.0kPa de CO2; [3] 1.0kPa de O2 + 3.0kPa de CO2; [4] 1.0kPa de O2 + <0.5kPa de CO2, all at +0.5°C. Moreover, CA with 2.0kPa O2 + 5.0kPa CO2 was evaluated both at [5] +0.5°C and [6] -0.5°C. Fruits were harvested either at the breaking stage or at the half-ripe ripening stage and stored in the conditions cited above. The harvest of cv. Granada peaches in the breaking stage (greeny background color of the skin) is the most suitable, because although not affecting the physical and chemical quality, these fruits showed a reduced incidence of flesh browning and rot. For short-term storage (25 days), controlled atmosphere did not significantly improve fruit quality in relation to cold storage.

Pré-resfriamento sobre a qualidade de pêssegos 'Chiripá'

The aim of this research was to evaluate the physic and chemical quality and the incidence of physiological disorders in Chiripa peaches submitted to different precooling forms. The treatments evaluated, were: [1] slow cooling in the storage chamber (-0.5°C e UR de 95%); [2] forced-air cooling (-1.5°C) until the pulp reached 0°C; [3] hydrocooling until the pulp reached 15°C; [4] hydrocooling until 10°C; [5] hydrocooling until 5°C; [6] hydrocooling until 1°C. The fruits were evaluated after 35 days at -0.5°C and more two and four days at 20°C. Lower ethylene synthesis during shelf-life at 20°C was verified in fruits submitted to both slow cooling and forced-air precooling. In those fruits, the succulence was significantly lower in the 4th day at 20°C, demonstrating an apparent relationship between the reduced ethylene synthesis and the largest wooliness incidence. Slow cooled fruits showed highest flesh firmness. All hydrocooling forms resulted in larger percentage of fruits with stains in the epidermis, possibly due to the low temperature of the precooler water. Therefore the precooling in water is not recommended for Chiripa peaches.

Qualidade de pêssegos cv. "Eldorado" tratados com aminoetoxivinilglicina e ethephon e armazenados em atmosfera controlada

The effect of preharvest application of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) and ethephon combined with controlled atmosphere (CA) storage conditions on peach fruit (cv. Eldorado) quality maintenance and chilling injury prevention was investigated, aiming at the maritime transport. Treatments evaluated were preharvest application of AVG (125g ha-1 and 250g ha-1 at 15 or 21 days before harvest), ethephon (140g ha-1 7 days before harvest), and control, combined with two CA conditions (1.0kPa O2 + 3.0kPa CO2 and 2.0kPa O2 + 5.0kPa CO2 at 0°C). After 24 days of CA storage plus 2 and 4 days of shelf-life at 15°C, preharvest application of ethephon stimulated fruit ripening by increasing ethylene production and decreasing both flesh firmness and titratable acidity. Application of AVG did not delay fruit ripening. However, fruit treated with 125g ha-1 of AVG at 15 days before harvest showed lower incidence of internal browning than ethephon-treated and control fruit. Furthermore, storage of fruit under CA with 2.0kPa O2 + 5.0kPa CO2 allowed higher titratable acidity and lower incidence of internal browning.

Maturação da maçã Fuji em função do atraso na colheita e da aplicação pré-colheita de aminoetoxivinilglicina

This research was carried out with the aim evaluating the effect of preharvest treatment with aminoethoxyvynilglycine and harvest delay on fruit drop and maturation of apple cultivar Fuji. The treatments were three doses of aminoethoxyvynilglycine (0,90 e 125g.ha-1) combined with three harvest dates (195, 204, 225 days after full bloom). No interaction between doses of aminoethoxyvynilglycine and harvest date was found. The application of aminoethoxyvynilglycine in the apple cultivar Fuji maintained greener ground skin color, reduced ethylene production, respiration rate and watercore incidence. Delaying fruit harvest showed lower respiration, better red color and higher total solids soluble. In addition to this, late harvest caused higher fruit drop, skin yellowing, high watercore incidence, high starch index, high ethylene production, low flesh firmness and low titratable acidity.