Aurora Karla de Lacerda Vidal

Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy: Clinicopathologic Study of a Case, with Emphasis on the Chemotherapeutic Effects

A case of melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) in a 6-months-old white female child is presented. The tumor was located in the left half of the superior maxillary bone and affected the maxillary sinus, inducing large facial asymmetry. The histologic aspects of the tumor were typical for the entity: two cell populations, one pigmented melanocyte-like cell, the other small neuroblastic-like cell. After adjuvant chemotherapeutic treatment with a strong reduction of the tumor, the melanocytelike cell predominated, allowing a better result of the surgery and probably a better prognosis.

HPV detection in oral carcinomas

The authors set out in this study to verify the presence of low- and high-risk DNA of human papillomavirus (HPV) in oral cancer by means of the hybrid capture Digene® test (Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil) in smears from exfoliative cytology and also to compare the findings with those of conventional light microscopy (hematoxylin-eosin (HE)/Papanicolaou). Forty individuals gave their written informed consent to participate in the study and also had their clinical data analyzed. The 40 exfoliative cytology examinations performed to date produced the following results: 29 (72.5%) negative for low- and high-risk HPV-DNA; nine (22.5%) positive for low- and high-risk HPV-DNA; one (2.5%) positive for low-risk HPV-DNA; and one (2.5%) positive for high-risk HPV-DNA. There was agreement among the findings for the presence of DNA-HPV for both exfoliative cytology (smear to hybrid capture Digene® test and the cytological smear readings made by conventional light microscopy). It was therefore concluded that the HPV virus may be a cocarcinogen of the mouth cancer as it is in the cervix cancer.

Impact of oral hygiene involving toothbrushing versus chlorhexidine in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a randomized study.

BackgroundNosocomial pneumonia has correlated to dental plaque and to oropharynx colonization in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. The interruption of this process, by preventing colonization of pathogenic bacteria, represents a potential procedure for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).MethodsThe study design was a prospective, randomized trial to verify if oral hygiene through toothbrushing plus chlorhexidine in gel at 0.12% reduces the incidence of ventilatior-associated pneumonia, the duration of mechanical ventilation, the length of hospital stay and the mortality rate in ICUs, when compared to oral hygiene only with chlorhexidine, solution of 0.12%, without toothbrushing, in adult individuals under mechanical ventilation, hospitalized in Clinical/Surgical and Cardiology Intensive Care Units (ICU). The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of Research of the Health Sciences Center of the Federal University of Pernambuco – Certificate of Ethical Committee Approval (CAAE) 04300012500005208. Because it was a randomized trial, the research used CONSORT 2010 checklist criteria.ResultsSeven hundred sixteen patients were admitted into the ICU; 219 fulfilled the criteria for inclusion and 213 patients were included; 108 were randomized to control group and 105 to intervention group. Toothbrushing plus 0.12% chlorhexidine gel demonstrated a lower incidence of VAP throughout the follow up period, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.084). There was a significant reduction of the mean time of mechanical ventilation in the toothbrushing group (p = 0.018). Regarding the length of hospital stay in the ICU and mortality rates, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.064).ConclusionsThe results obtained showed that, among patients undergoing toothbrushing there was a significant reduction in duration of mechanical ventilation, and a tendency to reduce the incidence of VAP and length of ICU stay, although without statistical significance.Trial registrationRetrospectively registered in the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos) - RBR-4TWH4M (4 September 2016).

Verificação do Conhecimento da População Pernambucana acerca do Câncer de Boca e dos Fatores de Risco - Brasil

Resumen pt: Objetivo: Verificar o conhecimento da populacao pernambucana acerca do câncer de boca bem como identificar individuos expostos aos fatores de risco ja co...