Eliane Helena Alvim de Souza

Estudo sobre a fluorose dentária num município do sul do Brasil

The objective of this article is to determine the frequency and severity of dental fluorosis, as well as to verify possible associations with dental caries, gender, age, ethnicity and geographic location of schools in schoolchildren of 12 years old and from 15 to 19 years in the city of Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. A total of 633 schoolchildren of both genders at the cited ages, enrolled in 26 public schools of fundamental teaching were involved in the epidemiological study. The inspection was performed by three examiners previously trained to apply Deans Index. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in the studied group was of 32.8%. Predominant degree was the very light (78.4%), followed by light (11.1%), questionable (8.7%) and moderate (1.9%). The prevalence of dental fluorosis was expressive in this population, however, with a low degree of severity. Factors such as age and dental caries index showed to be related to the variable response.

Raça e o uso dos serviços de saúde bucal por idosos

We analyze if race can be considered a limiting factor in the use of dental services by the elderly. This study is of an analytical nature, with the use of secondary data collected by the National Survey of Oral Health in 2003. Those examined who declared themselves as being white, brown or black in the 65 to 74-year-old age bracket were included. The sample was composed of 5,108 elderly people: 2,575 whites and 2,533 blacks. Of the whites, 3.8% stated that they had never been to the dentist, while this figure was 7.8% for the blacks. Even after the adjustment for interception for prosthetics and dental pain, the chance of elderly blacks not having used dental services at least once in their life is 0.62 OR less than for elderly whites. Of those who used the services, 21.2% of the elderly whites visited the dentist in the last year, while for elderly blacks the figure was 14.2%, in the adjusted model for interception for prosthetics and dental pain the OR was 0.60. All the relations were statistically significant (p<0,001). Race is a limiting factor in the use of dental services by the elderly and even after the adjustments the elderly blacks continue to manifest greater resistance to the use of oral health services.

Experiência de cárie dentária na primeira dentição em município com fluoretação das águas

OBJECTIVES: to determine the prevalence and severity of dental caries and the need to treat pre-school aged between five and six years in a municipality with fluorinated water. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was carried out using a census examining 432 children aged between five and six years, of both sexes, from municipal public schools in Passo Fundo, in the Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Sul. An epidemiological survey was conducted using clinical examinations and demographic data on the pre-school children, in accordance with the methodology proposed by the World Health Organization. The investigators were duly trained in the application of common standards, obtaining a result of 0.91 on the Kappa test. The study was sent to and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Institute of Cardiology in Porto Alegre-RS. RESULTS: the ceo-d index was 4.1 (±3.73) and only 106 (24.5%) of children were free of caries in milk teeth; the prevalence of the need for treatment of caries was 69.9%. CONCLUSIONS: a high prevalence of dental caries and widespread need for treatment was found, indicating that the oral health promotion strategies used in the municipality are still not proving to be effective.

Impacto da saúde bucal no cotidiano de idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizados da cidade do Recife (PE, Brasil)

The objective of the study is to assess the influence of oral health in the daily routine of both institutionalized and non-institutionalized elders living in the city of Recife-PE, as well as to come to conclusions concerning the relevance level of oral health in both groups. In order to assess the perception of oral health, it was used the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). The GOHAI levels, concerning the perception, were categorized in: low (≤ 50), average (51 to 60) and high (57 to 60). Oral health conditions were represented by the DMFT index (with cavity, lost and repaired teeth). It was observed that the percentage of elderly with a GOHAI not higher than 50 (low perception of oral health) was rather higher in the non-institutionalized group than in the institutionalized (92.2% x 64.9%). The average DMFT and the number of lost teeth were higher in the institutionalized group (96.01% x 87.87%). The perception of oral health was lower for more than half of the examined elderly population, but there being a meaningful difference between the two groups concerning the GOHAI, with lower levels for the non-institutionalized group. The result of the perception of oral health was compatible with the high number of decayed and lost teeth.

Mortalidade devido a acidentes de bicicletas em Pernambuco, Brasil

O artigo tem por objetivo analisar os casos de morte nos acidentes com bicicleta ocorridos em Pernambuco entre 2001 e 2010. Este estudo quantitativo analisou dados secundarios. A amostra consistiu de todas as Declaracoes de Obitos registradas no Sistema de Informacao de Mortalidade do Banco de Dados do Sistema Unico de Saude que relataram acidentes de bicicleta entre 2001 e 2010. Medidas descritivas foram determinadas para todas as variaveis. As sociodemograficas foram cruzadas com a causa basica de morte em busca de correlacao estatistica. Em Pernambuco, no citado sistema de informacao, foram registradas 517 Declaracoes de Obitos decorrentes de acidentes de bicicleta, sendo nestes sinistros a participacao mais frequente de homens, entre 25-59 anos, pardos, solteiros e de escolaridade ignorada. A idade media foi de 36,82 anos (desvio padrao = 17,026), sendo a idade minima e a maxima, respectivamente, 4 e 86 anos. Os achados apontam para a necessidade da criacao de infraestrutura adequada e de medidas legais efetivas para prevenir acidentes de trafego envolvendo este tipo de veiculo, apoiando-se na evidencia de distribuicao de casos na maioria dos municipios de Pernambuco.

Orofacial Injuries in Children and Adolescents (2009-2013): A 5-Year Study In Porto, Portugal

The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of acts of aggression to the head, face and neck towards victims of Physical Violence against Children and Adolescents (PVCA) who were examined at the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences Delegation North (INMLCF-DN) in Porto, Portugal. A study was carried out on 2,148 complaints of physical aggression against children and adolescents (0 to less than 18 years old) occurred between 2009 and 2013 and which were retrieved from information about violence held on INMLCF-DN data files. Continuous variables were described and the association between them was verified by Chi-square or Fischers Exact tests with 5% significance level. Within the 5-year timespan, 1,380 cases were identified with clinical relation with physical aggression. Most subjects evaluated were male adolescents and the most affected body region was the face, to which 747 injuries (24.7%) were recorded, with statistically significant association between sex and region (head and face). Victims in 15-17-year-old age group are more susceptible to violence than those in the 0-14-year-old age range. Dentists routinely examine the face, neck and skull, which make them the most appropriate health professionals to identify cases of aggression early.

Physical Violence Against Children and Adolescents in Porto: A 5-Year Study:

The aim of the present study was to analyze the prevalence of physical violence against children and adolescents (PVCA) in a 5-year period in the city of Porto, Portugal. All forensic reports between 2009 and 2013 in the clinical services of the North Branch of the National Institute of Legal Medicine and forensic sciences were analyzed. Victims were classified according to sex, age, relationship with perpetrator, traumatic consequences of the event, and year of occurrence. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (Version 22.0). Continuous variables were described when appropriated frequencies were displayed. The association between variables was evaluated using chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, or Kruskal–Wallis test, when appropriate and a logistic regression was performed. The margin of error for the statistical tests was 5.0%. A total of 2,148 occurrences were evaluated. Most subjects were male, and mean victim age was 13 years. The single most frequent perpetrator was an unknown individual, but most offenders were known to the victim. The majority site of injury was the face. The larger number of complaints of aggression maintained a similar frequency over the 5 years analyzed. A physical examination to confirm the reasons between the complaint and the type of aggression was performed and shown a high relationship. Adolescents were more susceptible to violence than younger children were. The most affected region was the face.

Avaliação do desempenho clínico de protocolos alternativos para a técnica de Tratamento Restaurador Atraumático: estudo preliminar

Objetivos: Avaliar o desempenho clinico de 5 protocolos de Tratamento Restaurador Atraumatico (ART) decorridos 2, 4 e 6 meses da restauracao. Metodos: Trata-se de um ensaio clinico longitudinal, em que 60 dentes necessitando de restauracoes simples (uma superficie) foram submetidos ao procedimento restaurador atraumatico. Estes foram divididos aleatoriamente em 5 grupos, a saber: Grupo I – restaurado por Ketac Molar Easimix (3M ESPE, Brasil); Grupo II – Vitro Fill (DFL, Brasil); Grupo III – Vitro Fill + Clorexidina a 2% (Farmacia Roval, Brasil); Grupo IV – Vitro Fill + Diamino Fluoreto de Prata (DFP) a 30% (Cariestop 30%, Biodinâmica, Brasil); Grupo V – Vitro Fill + Clorexidina a 2% + DFP a 30%. Resultados: A sobrevivencia das restauracoes, independentemente do grupo, foi de 65,0%. O percentual de sucesso foi de 91,7% para o Grupo III e de 41,7% para o Grupo IV, respectivamente o de melhor e o de pior desempenho. Conclusoes: A clorexidina parece propiciar melhor adesao do material restaurador ao dente; sendo o inverso observado para o diamino fluoreto de prata.

Mortality due to bicycle accidents in Pernambuco, Brazil

The scope of this paper was to conduct a quantitative analysis of deaths resulting from bicycle accidents in the state of Pernambuco by studying secondary data between 2001 and 2010. The sample consisted of all the Deaths recorded in the Mortality Information System of the Unified Health System Database that reported bicycle accidents between 2001 and 2010. Descriptive measures were determined for all variables. Socio-demographic variables were paired with the basic cause of death in order to find a statistical correlation. In Pernambuco, the aforementioned information system recorded 517 deaths resulting from bicycle accidents, with greater frequency in men between 25 and 59 years of age, Afro-Brazilians, single and of unknown schooling. The mean age was 36.82 years (SD = 17.026), and the minimum and maximum age of 4 and 86 years old, respectively. The findings highlight the need for the creation of adequate infrastructure and effective legal measures to prevent traffic accidents involving this type of vehicle, relying on the evidence of distribution of cases in most Pernambuco municipalities.

Coordenação das equipes de saúde bucal: avaliação para a melhoria da qualidade (amq)

Objective: To evaluate the coordination of the Oral Health Teams (OHT) of Family Health Strategy (FHS), starting with the analysis of the quality standards of the services offered to the population. Method: A simple random sample (SRS) was obtained, involving 68 OHT coordinators from Pernambuco state municipalities in 2010, who were asked to answer the questionnaires from the 2 nd book of the Evaluation for Quality Improvement (EQI), issued by the Ministry of Health. In the questionnaires, every question from the different evaluation groups had an answer, which, if positive, was considered advancement in the quality standards. The answers were categorized and analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results: Data were analyzed according to the quality standards established by the EQI, classified as Advanced (A), Good (B), Consolidated (C), Developing (D) and Elementary (E). It was found that 54.3% of the municipalities reached the C standard (“regular” level of quality), while 61.4% of the municipalities reached the D standard and 65.3% reached the E standard, these ones being classified as “Good” with respect to the Basic Attention services. It is noteworthy that there was no A (“Advanced”) level results. In the classification according to the sub-dimensions, the “Follow up” and “Evaluation” categories had statistical significance when associated with municipal OHT coordinators distribution by Geres and the “Normatization” category when compared with the population coverage of the OHTs. Conclusion: There is need of a competent management that is committed with the follow up of the OHTs and the users of public services.